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英语四级常见题型2014年12月英语四级考试词汇复习20
http://www.
  词汇在英语四六级备考中可谓是一大关键,从接触英语开始我们就在接触词汇,对于词汇的学习也不是一天两天就能结束的,考生要想为考试做好充分的准备,必须要有未雨绸缪的思想才行,词汇是一个长期积累的知识,这就需要考生提早做准备,下面是一些练习题,大家可以复习一下哦。练习题:  1. This kind of medicine has the power to _______poison.  A.splash  B.resist  C.adopt  D.occupy  2. He is easily _______ so I do not like to talk with him.  A.defended  B.afforded  C.created  D.offended  3.I am _______ to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife
again.  A.inclined  B.puzzled  C.accompanied  D.performed  4.Before you mail this letter, you should check again whether you have
_______ it or not.  A.sunk  B.sighed  C.sought  D.sealed  5.After talking for nearly ten hours, he _______ to the government’s
pressure at last.  A.expressed  B.yielded  C.decreased  D.approved参考答案:& & 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B
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Ⅰ&Writing&(30 minutes)
注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上.
For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong
Will by commenting on the humorous saying, &Quitting smoking is
the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times.& You should
write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
  Directions:& In this part, you will have
15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer
Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentence with the
information given in the passage.
Why Integrity Matters
  What Is Integrity?
  The key to integrity is consistency- not only
setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect
for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day.
One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的)
standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by
stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.
  What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate
other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a
lapse (缺失) of
integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any
important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone
who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integrity must be one of our most important
  Risky Business
  We are each responsible for our own decisions, even
if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure.
The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by
understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar
problems in the future.
  Making ethical decisions is a critical part of
avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't
see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify
risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who
doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism (剽窃)
may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who
fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite
sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is &unintentional& does
not excuse the misconduct, Ignorance is not a defense.
  &But Everybody Does It&
  Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and
facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using
excuses: &Everyone else does it.& &I'm not hurting anyone&, or &I really need
this grade.& Excuses can get very elaborate: &I know I'm look at another's exam,
even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not
cheating because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.& We must be honest
about our actions and avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're
not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that
leads to bad decisions.
avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you
would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yore
shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're
taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
Evaluating Risks
decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the
future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well
as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immolate
benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of
getting caught are serious and may include a &O& on a test or assignment, an &F&
in the class, suspension (暂令停学)
or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a role
or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose
punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的)
position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle,
which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this
Away with it - Or Not
&&&& Those
who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the
test, which deprives (剥夺)
him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the
cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.
Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed,
guilty and afraid of getting caught.
all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not
only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems &easier.& This
slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster.
Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse
the consequences.
& Cheating
Hurts Other, Too
Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions &don't count& and don't
really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的)
effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30%
or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating
hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating &poisons& the
classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (&If I don't cheat I can't
compete with those who do&) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers.
The real reward of goof teaching is seeing students learn. But a cheater says.
&I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach, all I care about is stealing
a grade, regardless of the effect on others.& The end result is a destructive
attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the
reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree.
Integrity Marten
cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the
honesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy
food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,
go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm
that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can
have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles,
and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the
integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such
incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual
well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be
funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.
In sum, we
all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our
actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build
the kind of world in which we want to live.
1. A person
of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.(A)
to them in their daily life
them known to others
understands their true values
that others also follow them
role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?(C)
A) It helps
to create team spirit
facilitates communication
the basis of mutual trust
inspires mutual respect
3. why must
we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?(A)
ensure we make responsible choices.
B. To avoid
being overwhelmed by stress.
C. so that
we don’t break any rules.
D. so that
we don’t run into trouble.
Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?(B)
caused no harm.
claimed to be unintentional.
gone unnoticed.
committed with good intentions.
should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
making excuses.
to other people’s advice.
C. Make his
intensions public.
others watch over his shoulder.
who take risks they regret later on _______.(C)
often become more cautious
usually very aggressive
immediate benefits most.
D. may lose
everything in the end
According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will
_______.(A)
A) pay more
more confident
widely admired
somewhat lucky
8. Cheaters
at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to stealing
Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and
good faith.
Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of
the Watergate scandal.
PartⅣ Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)&& (25 minutes)
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten
blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through
carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of
the words in the bank more than once.
  Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following
  With the world's population estimated to grow from
six to nine billion by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already
dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and
water to infrastructure (基础设施)
and jobs. Underling all this 47 will be the demand for energy, which is
expected to double over the next 40 years.
  Finding the resources to meet this demand in a
&&48& . sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石)
of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major &&49& &of
the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to
name a few are& 50& &being funded and developed, and will play a growing
&&51& &in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when
&&52& , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the
world's energy needs by 2050.
  For example, even with &53&& investments,
such as the $93 million for wind energy development& 54& in& the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind
and bio-fuels& 55& &only about 1% of the market today.
  Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to
our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of& 56& &both
traditional and alternative.
  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
  A)stable&&&&&&&&& I)exactly
  B)solutions&&&&&& J)consist
  C)significant&&&& K)comprise
  D)role&&&&&&&&&&& L)competitions
  E)progress&&&&&&& M)combined
  F)marvelous&&&&&& N)challenges
  G)included&&&&&&&& O)certainly
Section& B
  Directions: There are 2 passages in this
section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.
For each of them there are four chokes marked A), B), C) and D). You should
decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
  Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following
  Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young
men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance
and music.
  Far from the traditional image of a culture of
aggressive masculinity (阳刚),
the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to
conform to a stereotype. a US study says.
  Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more
likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop
their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the
&boy code& of hiding their emotions to be a &real man&.
  The findings of the study so against received wisdom
that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
  Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys
were being faded by the British education system because it had become too
focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are
actually more emotional than girls.
  The research argued that boys often perform badly in
mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better
earlier in speaking and reading skills.
  But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor
lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and
getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author,
Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
  Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and
writing with &boy-focused& approaches such as themes and characters that appeal
to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch,
and are physically more active, they need to be given &hands-on& lessons where
they are allowed to walk around. &Boys in mixed schools view classical music as
feminine (女性的)
and prefer the modem genre (类型)
in which violence and sexism are major themes, &James wrote.
  Single-sex education also made it less likely that
boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be
&masterful and in charge& in relationships. &In mixed schools boys feel
compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know
what that means, & the study reported.
  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ .
  & A) force boys to hide their emotions to be &real
  & B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in
  & C) encourage boys to express their emotions more
  & D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional
image of a man
  58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school
boys _____ .
  &&& A) Perform relatively better&&&&&&& C) behave
more responsibly
  &&& B) grow up more healthily&&&&&&&&&&&& D) receive
a better education
  59. What does Tony Little say about the British
education system?
  && A) It fails more boys than girls academically.
  && B) It focuses more on mixed school education.
  && C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.
  && D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.
  60. According to Abigail James, one of the
advantages of single-sex schools is ______.
  && A) teaching can be tailored to suit the
characteristics of boys
  && B) boys can focus on their lessons without being
distracted
  && C) boys can choose to learn whatever they are
interested in
  && D) teaching can be designed to promote boys' team
  61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys
according to Abigail James' report?
  && A) They enjoy being in charge.&&&&&&& C) They
have sharper vision.
  && B) They conform to stereotypes.&&&&&&& D) They
are violent and sexist.
  Questions 62 to 66 are bated on the
following passage.
  It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on
holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off
and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and
what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no
argument next year - we just won't go.
  Since money is known to be one of the things most
likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many
families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov poll of 2,
000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of
concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates
rise in a recession - financial pressures mean couples argue more but make
splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were
especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal (
言语上的) aggression,
tended to be repeated and not resolved and made men, more than women, extremely
  Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist,
believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be
different things to men and women. &People can say the same things about money
but have different ideas of what it's for.& he explains. &They'll say it's to
save to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them.& He
says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing
their parents that they've achieved something.
  &The biggest problem is that couples assume each
other know what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to
be more of a taboo (禁忌)
about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what
you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep
separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but
you have to talk about it.&
  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答:
What does the author say about vacationing?
  && A) People enjoy it all the more during a
recession.
  && B) Few people can afford it without working hard.
  && C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.
  && D) It is the chief cause of family disputes.
  63. What does the author mean by saying &money is
known ... to bring a relationship to its knees&(Line 1, Para. 2)?
  && A) Money is considered to be the root of all
  && B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.
  && C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.
  && D) Disputes over money may rain a relationship.
  64. The YouGov poll of 2, 000 people indicates that
in a recession ______ .
  & A) conflicts between couples tend to rise
  && B) it is more expensive for couples to split up
  & C) couples show more concern for each other
  && D) divorce and separation rates increase
  65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?
  & A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.
  & B) Money means a great deal to both and women.
  & C) Men and women spend money on different things.
  & D) Men and women view money in different ways.
  66. The author suggests at the end of the passage
that couples should ______ .
  & A) put their money together instead of keeping it
separately
  & B) make efforts to reach agreement on their family
  & C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy
relationship
  & D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain
 Part Ⅴ&& Cloze (15
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each bland there
are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper You
should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
  注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
  Employers
fear they will be unable to recruit students with the skills they need as the
economic recovery kicks in, a new survey &&67& .
  Nearly half of the organizations told researchers
they were already struggling to find &&68& &with skills in science,
technology, engineering and maths (STEM). &&69& &even more companies
expect to experience &&70& &of employees with STEM skills in the next
three years.
  The Confederation of British Industry &&71& &&694
businesses and organizations across the public and &&72& &sectors, which
together employ 2.4 million people.
  Half are &&73& &they will not be able to fill
graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to&
74& enough employees with the right A-level skills.
  & &&75& &we move further role recovery and
businesses plan &&76& &growth, the demand for people with high-quality
skills and qualifications will
  & 77& .& said
Richard Lambert, Director General, CBI. &Firms say it is already hard to find
people with the right& &&78& &or engineering skills. The new government
must make it a top& 79& to encourage more young people to study
science-related& 80& .&
  The survey found that young people would improve
their job prospects &&81& they studied business, maths, English and
physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers& 82& least
are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a& 83&
degree subject. A third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject.
  The research &&84& &worries about the lack of
progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85& . Half of the employer
expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy(计算)skills,
while the biggest problem is with IT skills, &&&86& two-thirds reported
  67. A) submits&&&& C) launches
  B) reveals&&&&& D) generates
  68. A) audience&&&& C) partners
  B) officials&&&&& D) staff
  69. A) while&&&&&& C) for
  B) because&&&& D) although
  70. A) exits&&&&&&& C) absences
  B) shortages&&& D) departures
  71. A) surveyed&&&& C) exposed
  B) searched&&&& D) exploited
  72. A) collective&&& C) personal
  B) private&&&&&& D) civil
  73. A) confronted&& C) concerned
  B) conformed&& D) confused
  74. A) bind&&&&&&& C) transfer
  B) attain&&&&&&& D) recruit
  75. A) Lest&&&&&&& C) Before
  B) Unless&&&&& D) As
  76. A) with&&&&&&& C) on
  B) for&&&&&&&& D) by
  77. A) dominate&&&& C) enforce
  B) stretch&&&&& D) intensify
  78. A) creative&&&& C) narrative
  B) technical&&&& D) physical
  79. A) priority&&&& C) challenge
  B) option&&&&&& D) judgment
  80. A) procedures&& C) thoughts
  B) academics&&& D) subjects
  81. A) until&&&&&&& C) whereas
  B) since&&&&&&& D) if
  82. A) rate&&&&&&&& C) order
  B) discuss&&&&& D) observe
  83. A) typical&&&&&& C) positive
  B particular&&& D) general
  84. A) highlighted&& C) focused
  B) prescribed&&& D) touched
  85. A) masses&&&&& C) faculty
  B) workforce&& D) communities
  86. A) what&&&&&&& C) where
B) whom&&&&&& D) why
Ⅳ&&Translation (5
Directions:& Complete the sentences by translating into
English the Chinese given in brackets Please write your translation on Answer
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分。
87.Charity
groups organized various activities to ________________(为地震幸存者筹款)。
  88.Linda_______________(不可能收到我的电子邮件):otherwise,
she would have replied.
  89.It's
my mother________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when
I have difficulties in my studies.
  90.The
publishing house has to ______________(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度)。
  91.It
is absolutely wrong to ________________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福)。
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