&& 文章内容
全国2003年考研英语真题试卷及解析和复习思路(9)（第3页）
[日期：] & 来源：云南省考试资料查询中心& 作者：云南省考试资料查询中心 & 阅读：329次[字体：
&&& 2．For example，a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was dis―tributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals―no meat，no fur，no medicines．
&&& 该句子的特点是有三个定语修饰成分。句子的主干是a grandmotherly woman…was distributing a brochure…。主语woman后是现在分词成分staffing…做定语；宾语brochure后是that引导的定语从句做定语；这个定语从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句修饰不定代词anything，破折号后的名词是对anything的举例说明。
&&& 3．We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’S hip replacement， a father’S bypass operation，a baby’s vaccinations，and even a pet’s shots．
&&& 该句子的主干是We need to make sth clear，其中宾语是sth the connection between animal research and…。and后是四个并列成分a grandmother’S hip replacement，a father’S bypass operation，a baby’s vaccinations和a pet’s shots。
&&& 4．To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines，―animal research seems wastef―ul at best and cruel at worst．
&&& 该句子的特点是一个较长的介词短语to those…(对于那些人……来说)在句中充当状语。在这个状语中，those后接who引导的定语从句，其中produce后连接了三个并列名词短语：these treat―ments，new treatments和vaccines。主句的主干是animal research seems wasteful and cruel。
5．They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor，lest animal rights misinformation go unchal-enRed and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth．
&&& 该句子是由连词lest引导状语从句的主从复合句。lest所连接的状语从句里常用should或原形动词，意为“惟恐，以免”。该从句的主语是animal rights misinformation，谓语是and引导的两个动词短语go…和acquire…。
6．Finally，because the ultimate stakeholders are patients，―the health research com―munity should actively recruit to its cause not only well―known personalities such as Stephen Cooper，who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research，but all who receive medical treatment．
&&& 该句子中含有一个原因状语从句和两个定语从句。主句的主干是the health research community should recruit to its cause not only…，but all who…，其中not only…but all who…都是谓语re-cruit的宾语，即“接纳吸收……到它的事业中”。主语之前是because引导的原因状语从句；宾语well-known personalities后接有such as Stephen Cooper对其举例说明，在Cooper之后是who引导的非限定性定语从句对其修饰限定；另一宾语all those后也接who引导的定语从句。Stakeholder原义是“赌金保管人，股东”，句子中用它来强调“病人是在捍卫动物实验以促进生物医学发展方面最有发言权的人”，因为他们是直接受益者。
&&& 7．If good people do nothing，there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress．
&&& 该句主干为there be句型，主语a real possibility后跟有that引导的同位语从句，说明可能性的具体内容。句首为if引导的条件从句。句中用了比喻extinguish the precious embers。embers指的是“将要熄灭的火中的灰烬，余烬”，extinguish指“熄灭(火/希望等)”，可以想象：连灰烬都被熄灭了，必然是完全没有希望了。该比喻形象生动地表现出形势的严峻性：医学进步的宝贵火种有可能被不明真相的公众所扑灭。
&&& 三、文章结构分析
&&& 本文摘自Science(((科学》)1998年11月20日一篇题为Animal Rights：Reaching the Public(动物权利：让公众了解)的文章。本文题材涉及生物医学研究。文章通过引证法和例证法说明，动物权利鼓吹者的言论蒙蔽了公众，使他们不了解生物医学研究的真实情况和意义，从而盲目地反对医学研究。作者由此呼吁科学家应加强与公众沟通交流，避免无知阻碍生物医学的发展。全文的论述过程可概括为：引证―例证一引申。
&&& 第一段：引用名人名言，引入文章的话题：被误导的动物权利事业威胁生物医学研究的发展，科学家应该做出强有力的回应。
&&& 第二段：通过一个具体的事例说明公众对于生物医学研究的无知。
&&& 第三、四段：对科学家提出了一系列行动建议，呼吁科学家加强与公众沟通交流、让公众了解生物医学研究。您好，欢迎来到新东方
& 文章正文
14:19&&作者：&&来源：新东方网整理&&字号：|
& &考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。新东方在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。下面我们来看2003年第2篇第5句的翻译。
　　2003年第2篇第5句&
　　Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are
perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
　　词汇：
　　allegation//n. 陈述，宣称;陈词
　　cruelty//n. 残忍
　　setting//n. 地方，环境
　　perplexed//adj. 困惑的，糊涂的
　　deliberately//adv. 故意地
　　结构：
　　Hearing allegations of cruelty to animalsin research settings(分词短语作状语),
//many are perplexed (主句)//that anyone would deliberately harm an
animal(that宾语从句).
　　译文：
　　当听到实验室里动物受到残忍对待的说法时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物。
　　作业：
　　考研阅读逐句翻译2003年第2篇第6句 For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an
animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that
encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in
animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.
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bruceleeligang考研英语（一）长难句解析系列DD2003年阅读2
17:38:16 |
本篇文章围绕实验室的动物权利的问题展开。作者在文章的首句就点明了全文的论点，即科学家需要站出来为之解释。接下来作者指出问题的来由并举例论证，最后两段作者提出了科学家应该如何处理这件事情的一些合理做法。全文从长难度角度而言，难度中等，下面就其中5个典型的长难句做具体分析：
【典型例句1】：To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, &all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.&
【例句解析】：引号里面的句子中，主语是all，其后是that引导的定语从句修饰主语; is 是系动词，之后是that引导的表语从句。
【难点点拨】：paraphrase：v. 解释，意译; statesman：政治家;
triumph：n. 成功，胜利 a misguided cause：一项被误导的事业
【例句释义】：18世纪政治家埃德蒙&伯克曾说，&受错误思想引导的事业要想取得胜利，只需好人袖手旁观&。
【典型例句2】：Leaders of the animal rights movement target bio-medical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.&
【例句解析】：本句中，主语是Leaders, &of the animal rights movements& 是of介词短语做后置定语修饰主语;target是谓语动词，宾语是bio-其后是because引导的由and连接的两个原因状语从句。第一个从句中，it是主语，代指的是bio-第二个从句中，主语是few people&几乎没有人&。
【难点点拨】：target: v. 把&作为攻击目标;把&作为批评的对象;
bio-medical research: 生物医学研究;public funding：公共资助
health care：医疗
【例句释义】：动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依赖于公共资助，并且很少有人懂得医疗研究的过程。
【典型例句3】：For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals&no meat, no fur, no medicines.
【例句解析】：本句中，句子主干是主谓宾。主语a grandmotherly woman，其后&staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair&是现在分词短语做后置定语修饰主语;谓语是宾语是a brochure，其后是that引导的定语从句对其修饰，其中that在定从中做主语。
【难点点拨】：grandmotherly woman：老奶奶;
staff：n. 全体职员;拐杖; v. 在...工作;任职于
booth：小亭子或摊子;street fair：街头的集市
【例句释义】：例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶拄着拐杖站在街头集市的动物权利宣传点前散发小册子。小册子上规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品&&肉类，毛皮，药物。
【典型例句4】：We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother&s hip replacement, a father&s bypass operation, a baby&s vaccinations, and even a pet&s shots.
【例句解析】：本句中，句子的结构是主谓宾宾补，但是出现了宾语后置现象。宾补是clear，宾语是the connection, 其后是between sth and sth介词引导的后置定语对其修饰，其中and之后有四个并列的名词短语。
【难点点拨】: between sth and sth: ...与...之间的联系;hip replacement：髋骨更换手术
bypass operation：心脏搭桥手术;vaccinations：免疫接种
【例句释义】: 我们需要清楚地说明动物实验研究与祖母的髋骨更换手术、父亲的心脏搭桥手术、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的防疫注射针之间的联系。
【典型例句5】：Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.
【例句解析】：本句中，句首是because引导的原因状语从句;其后是整句话的主干结构：主谓宾宾补，而且出现了宾语后置现象;其中主语the health research community，谓语should actively recruit，宾补是to its cause，宾语是由not only A but (also) B连接的;其中A是well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, 其后有who引导的定语从句对其修饰; 在&but (also) all who receive medical treatment&中，all(所有人)之后有who引导的定语从句对其修饰。
【难点点拨】： ultimate stakeholders：最终受益人;recruit：v. 招募，争取;
cause：n. 事业; well-known personalities: 名人
the value of animal research：动物实验的价值
【例句释义】：最后，因为最终的受益人是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬&库柏这样的名人的支持，他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定，而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。
本篇文章属于自然科学类的话题。生物医学的不断进步，离不开实验室里各种各样的动物实验。动物权利的倡导者要明白一点，动物的权利理应受到保护和尊重，但是人类医学的进步的火种不应该因此受到威胁。本文的作者观点鲜明，立场坚定，同学们明白了作者的态度，理解文章以及在做题时难度并不大。
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2014年6月英语四级阅读练习及答案(2)
日来源：233网校
　　Section C 　　Directions：There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sratements．For each of them there are four choices markedA，B，C and D．You should decide on the best chDice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．
　　Passage One 　　Questions 56 to 60 are based oil thefollowingpassage． 　　The ownership of pets brings a variety of benefits that the uninitiated would never believe．For every tale of shredded cushion，flattened plants，and chew slippers，there is another testimony of intelligence，sympathy and undying devotion．Now the gowing body of research into the medical and social advantages of pet ownership has confirmed what pet owners have always intuitively known that pets are not just loving companions but actually do us good．Researchers have established the value of pets in soothing and reassuring humans，particularly when ill，lonely or in distress．Perhaps the unquestioning love and approval pets give us is something we don’t always get from out human nearest and dearest．
　　Our makeshift understanding psychology leads many of us to view very close relationships with pets with suspicion．Childless couples in particular give rise to speculation，but a consultant in animal behavior says，“There is no evidence that a pet is a direct substitute for child．”And while many adults feel foolish if caught talking to their pets，they have no need to．The experts say you cannot have a close relationship with a pet without treating it as a person and that talking to a pet is notun healthy．―simply a way of establishing camaraderie． The shaking helplessness of a young puppy or fluffy kitten stirs protective instincts deep within us and prompts many parents to buy pets for their children in the hope of instilling a sense of responsibility and caring and acceptance of the facts of life and death．Hut animals don’t have to besoft and fond to bring out the best in us．A social worker encouraged aggressive boys to handle ferrets―“if handled correctly they respond with friendship；if incorrectly they bite．”
　　There seems to be no doubt that，emotionally and physically,our pets do us good―there is a Drice to be paid．When loved animal dies，it is often a traumatic event―and then where do we tum for comfort?
　　56．Pets are sometimes criticized because they_______． 　　A．lack intelligence 　　B．are destructive 　　C．need considerable care 　　D．demand affection
　　57．The idea that animals are a substitute for children is_______． 　　A．supported by research 　　B．encouraged by psychologists 　　C．an argument for keeping a pet& 　　D．a common prejudice
　　58．Talking to animals is_______． 　　A．silly 　　B．suspicious 　　C．beneficial 　　D．stimulating
　　59．A ferret is probably a kind of_______． 　　A．tame animal 　　B．fierce anitaal 　　C．lovely animal 　　D．tamable animal
　　60．The writer believes that pets are valuable to children because they_______． 　　A．return affection& 　　B．are comforting 　　C．need looking after& 　　D．are protective
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