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郭老师讲初中英语语法：宾语从句讲解及练习
郭老师讲语法——宾语从句
在之前对简单句的学习中，我们了解了“主谓宾”这种结构。先来回顾一下，比如“他打我”这个中文句子，这句话应该很好理解，“他”是主语，是整句话中陈述的对象（往往由代词或名词来担当）；“打”是谓语，是主语所做的动作；“我”是宾语，用在谓语动词的后面。那么，把这句话翻译成英语怎么说？_____________________来分析一下吧！句中的________是主语，________是动词，作谓语，而_______是动作的对象（或者说是行为的承受者），是宾语。
那么，什么是从句呢？还是先从简单句来理解。简单句表示句子中只包含一个主谓宾。从句就是一句话当中包含两个句子，也就是两个主谓宾。宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，是中考重要考点之一。对于宾语从句的考查，常是关于宾语从句的引导词（连接词）、时态和语序。简析如下：
考点一：宾语从句的时态和语序
1、宾语从句的时态
（1）如果从句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
①“I
know my parents care about me,” he says.
他说：“我知道我父母关心我。”
China, he has found that his family ____________ a tall tree with
long roots.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
现在在中国，他已经发现他的家庭就像长有很长树根的一棵大树。
writing to say that I am against ____________ (build) a new zoo in
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
我写信要说的是我反对在我们的镇上建一个新的动物园。
remember that he _______________________
(给了我一本书)
yesterday.
told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
他已告诉我明天他要____________纽约了。
（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），爸妈宾语从句要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：
1991, Hepburn discovered that she had cancer.
1991年，赫本发现她得了癌症。
know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after tea), was
invented by accident? 你知道茶，这个世界上最大众化的饮料(仅次于水)，是__________被发明的吗？
first ate in a western restaurant, I didn’t know what I was
supposed to do.
我第一次在西餐厅吃饭时，都不知道_____________________。
me that he __________ (will) take part in the high
asked me if I _______________ (已经拿了)
（3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如：
me that the earth ________ (go) around the sun.
your teacher tell you the moon ________ (be) smaller than the
2、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。但要注意，当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如：
① Where is Tom from? Do you know?
→Do you know where
Tom is from?
② Who made you angry? Can you tell me?
→Can you tell me who
made you angry?
③“What is the
matter with Tom?” Mary asked me.
→Mary asked me what
was the matter with Tom.
【真题链接】
1. (2013滨州)
Bruce. Here is a letter for you.
& —Thanks. I
wonder ________.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. who the letter was
from&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. who was from the letter
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C. who was the letter
from&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. who from the letter was
2. (2013丽水)
—I’m going to buy a
car. Any advice, Charlie?
& —Well, it depends on
________. If money isn’t the problem, you can buy a
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. when you will buy
one&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. how much you can afford
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C. what colour you
like&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. where you are driving
3. (2013北京)
—Can you tell me
________ the prize, Tom?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. when you
got&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. when did you get
get&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. when you will get
4. (2013芜湖)
you tell me ________?
can take No. 16 bus.
how can we get to the Olympic
&&B. how we can get to the
Olympic Park
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C. how did we get to the
OlympicPark&&&&&&&&&&&
D. how we got to the Olympic Park
考点二：宾语从句的引导词(连接词)
1、当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如：
&&&&&&Even
the teacher agreed that Martin was ____________ his
甚至老师也认同马丁在浪费时间。
【友情提示】引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：
①当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：He
says that that is a useful book.
②当从句前有插入语时。如：It
says, on a card, that it is made in
③当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如：
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Our teachers believe
that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our
clothes than our studies. 我们的老师认为如果我们那样做的话，我们会把更多的精力放在衣服上而不是学习上。
④当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如：
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
He said (that) the film
was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it
very much.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。
2、含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如：
like watching TV? He asked me.
asked me if / whether ______________ watching TV.
I don’t _________
if it’s something I don’t need. 我不介意它是否是我不需要的东西。
【友情提示】何时只用whether而不用if？
①直接与or
not连用时，用whether，不用if。例如：
didn’t say whether or not he’ll be
_____________________. 我没说她是否呆在家里。
tell me whether the train has left or not?
你能否告诉我火车是不是已经开了?
②所引导的从句作介词宾语时，用whether，不用if。例如：
about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。
haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll
__________________. 我是否回家还没定。
③引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。例如：
Whether this is
true (or not), I can’t tell. 这是不是真的，我不能_________。
it is a defect or not，I don’t quite
know. 这是不是个错误，我不知道。
④和动词不定式连用时，用whether，不用if。例如：
know whether to __________ or __________.
我不知道是接受还是拒绝。
know whether to see my doctor today. 我不知道今天是否去看医生。
⑤引导主语从句时，从句位于句首用whether，不用if。例如：
she comes or not doesn’t concern me. 还是不来与我无关。
she likes the present is not clear to me.
她是否喜欢那件礼物我____________。
It is not clear to me whether/if she likes the
(但用it作形式主语，将主语从句置于后面时，whether和if可以换用。)
⑥引导表语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：
first question was whether Holmes ________________
它的第一个问题是福尔摩斯是否已经到了。
problem right now is whether I should ask for another
目前我的主要问题是我是否应当要求别的贷款。
⑦引导让步状语从句，作“不管”解时，用whether，不用if。例如：
start tomorrow, whether he asks me or not.
不管他要不要我去，反正我明天就动身。
you like it or not, you’ll ____________ (must / have to) do
不管你愿不愿意，你都得做这件事。
⑧在容易造成歧义的情况下，如表达“是否”的意思时，最好用whether，避免用if。如：
Let me know whether
you are coming. 你来还是不来，通知我一声。
如用if，则有两层意思。如：Let
me know if you are coming. 可理解为：你来还是不
来，通知我一声。也可理解为：你如果来的话，通知我一声。前者是宾语从句，后者则是条件状语从句。
⑨在discuss后面只能跟whether引导的宾语从句。如：
discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论了是否该关闭商店。
注：doubt用于肯定句时，可用whether
引导的宾语从句，在否定句或疑问句中则跟
that 引导的宾语从句。如：
whether / if he will come. 我怀疑他________________。
doubt that ____________________. 我不怀疑你是诚实的。
doubt that he will win the match? 你怀疑他能赢得比赛吗？
宾语从句如果是否定句，一般用if，因为whether引导的宾语从句通常是肯定的。如：
care if she doesn’t come. 我不在乎他是否来。
3、连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which引导宾语从句时，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能省略。如：
①She
knew __________ was happening because she learnt about underwater
earthquakes at school only a few weeks
她知道发生了什么，因为几周前她在学校学习了水下地震方面的知识。
doesn’t know _________ this pencil belongs to.
她不知道这个铅笔是谁的。
are three kinds of computers here, I can’t decide __________ kind I
can choose.
&&&&&&&&&&这里有三种类型的电脑，我难以决定可以挑选哪一种。
4、连接副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句时，连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因，不能省略。如：
know when basketball ____________________
explain __________ you are late again today.
解释一下今天又迟到的原因。
tell me ______________________________ (你每天怎么去上学的)?
【真题链接】
5. (2013湖州)
I was told to meet Mr. White at the
airport. But I don’t know ____ he will arrive.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
when&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
how&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
where&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
6. (2013江西)
I know ________ I promised to take you
to dinner, but I won’t finish working until ten
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
if&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
7. (2013哈尔滨)
you tell me _____________?
was not built in a day.” You should try to give it enough chances
to become strong.
&& A. why I
should do to have a good memory
&& B. what I
can do to have a good memory
&& C. how can I
have a good memory
考点三：否定前移和宾语从句的简化
1、否定前移
在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：
think I could lift it. 我想我提不起它。
believe that he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。
2、宾语从句的简化
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish，decide，agree,
choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
I hope that I can receive your e-mail.
= I _____________________ your e-mail.
②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，
learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
She doesn’t know what she should do
next. = She doesn’t know __________________ next.
③当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等时，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
Will you please show me how I can work
& & & = Will you
please show me ______________________?
④宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：
I don’t believe what Tom said. = I
don’t believe Tom’s words. 我不相信汤姆的所说的话。
宾语从句专项练习
1. (2013天津)
don’t know ________.
he has to look after his mother.
leaving&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. why is he leaving
whether he is leaving
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. whether is he leaving
2. (2013内江)
Could you tell me ________ a great
& A. how Zhao Wei has
become&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. how did Zhao Wei become
& C. how became Zhao
Wei&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. how does Zhao Wei become
3. (2013聊城)
Please tell me ________ to improve my
& A. what I can
do&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. what can I
do&&&&&&&&&
C. how I can
do&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. how can I do
4. (2013宜宾)
you like to tell me ________?
Practice makes perfect.
& A. how can I study English
well&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. why do I learn English well
& C. how I can study English
well&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. why I learn English well
5. (2013泰安)
me, could you tell me where ________?
sir. You can try www. .
& A. can I join in the
group-buying&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. did I join in the group-buying
& C. I can join in the
group-buying&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. I joined in the group-buying
6. (2013连云港)
me. Can you tell me ________?
about 8 o’clock, sir.
time the plane will reach
Beijing&&&&&
time will the plane arrive in Beijing
time the plane will arrive Beijing
time will the plane get to Beijing
7. People in Yancheng are proud of ________ they
have achieved in the past thirty years.
how&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
which&&&&&&&&&
what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
said ________he would come back in a week.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
you know ________ I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star,
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
when&&&&&&&
where&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&
10. There are no words to describe ________ I miss my
much&&&&&&&&
many&&&&&&&
soon&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. how long
宾语从句专项练习
AAACC&&&&&&&
6-10 ACCAA
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