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一、考研写作45大钻石句型： （一）社会热点类： 1、健康：
1）随着都市生活节奏的加快和压力的不断增加，越来越多的人开始拥有生理或心理问题。
With the quickening pace of urban life and ever-increasing presure, people in mounting numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems.
2）人们分别选 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2014年复试
一、名词解释（每小题5，共50）
1、语文 2、反切 3、三主四式教学法
4、分科教学 5、音位
二、提问法是古今中外常用的一种教学法，谈论其优缺点及其运用的具体要求。（20）
三、阅读下列一段古文，加标点并翻译。（40）
四、《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》《触龙说赵太后》等古文中描写的人物栩栩如生，请从以上文中选 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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1. a一(个 )；每一(个)；(同类事物中)任一个
2. abandon vt.
放纵；放弃
a band 布带band 布带 humor
幽默leader 领导 邦迪
a-前缀：否定 band 布带
n.条，带；一群，一伙；乐队；波段
v.缚，绑扎
393. bandage
用绷带扎缚
2390. husband
390. ban v.
取缔，查禁； n.禁 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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百度云网盘下载地址链接：/s/1o6RW0uY 密码：g2dd ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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法国有位化学家曾说过: 人如果不能把平生所学全部推翻，这个人就等于什么都没有学到；
《考研英语翻译高分新思维》，就是用最回归本质的方式，颠覆考生对于考研英语的传统错误理解，让考生能够像英语国家人一样自由的输入和输出英语。
本课程，提升的不仅仅是翻译。翻译前对于文章观点的快速把握能帮你打通阅读理解的文章 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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考研英语英汉翻译课程笔记
第一部分：数词的译法
一、数字增减的译法：
1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋than
The wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。。。。或减少到。。。。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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赵丽考研单词
赵丽考研单词（1）
不求一词多义，但求迅速突破词汇，哪怕只记住一个意思
[解释] 每个人的记忆能力有限，智商由计算能力、理解力、记忆力三方面组成。如果一天记50个意思，一个单词记25个意思，只能记2个单词，回去做阅读没有成就感，因为可能碰不见；每个单词只记一个意思，做阅读也不可 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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话题很大众化，榜样，教育，成长，成功都可以！
As is shown above, in the middle of the first picture sit a father and his son, with father asking his son to work hard on the asignment while the father is watching TV himself. By contrast, in the middle of the other picture, the father is working with ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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Section I Use of English
1、[答案]C how
[解析]根据空格所在句子可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词，做influence的宾语。四个选项的意思中，只有C。 how引导后面的内容做influence的宾语，前后意思合理。
2、[答案]B In particular
[解析]空格的前一句话的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司投资更 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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[头条](<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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[头条]2016考研公共课英语二完整版真题及答案下载
完型填空参考答案：
C 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
B 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
D 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necesary
C 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
D 5. ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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[头条]2016考研公共课英语二完整版真题下载(新东方) ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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[头条]Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only sis parents and his friends, ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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考研写作-王江涛
2016考研英语写作冲刺班讲义
（英语一与二均适用）
一、小作文： （一）建议信： Directions:
You are studying at university and one of your lecturers has asked his students to write and suggest ways in which he could improve his teaching.
Write an email to the lec ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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考研英语历年真题常考固定搭配
第一部分 名词的固定搭配
A 介词+名词形式
by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于 in addition 另外 in addition to 除之外(包括) in the air 在流行中，在传播中 on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说
on the basis of 根据，在的基础上 at (the) b ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C
or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental
clarity are not what they used to b ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 1 一、真题文章(1994年)
The first and smallest unit that can be discused in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too of ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What
2、Concluded
4、Compared
5、Samples
6、Insignificant
7、Know8、Resemble
10、Perhaps
13、Rather than14、Benefits
15、Faster
16、understand
17、Contributory
18、Tendency19、Ethnic
20、seeII Re ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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- 1 - 2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as relatedas four ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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用高冷的姿态 让单词走心
abandon [bndn]v.放弃
自我逻辑blackboard 黑板
float n.浮舟 v.漂浮 对称逻辑accuse v.谴责-----excuse v.原谅 abdomen [bdmn]n.腹部
abide [bad]v.遵守；容忍
b ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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一男点睛 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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名师简介：翻译王，联合国会议同传，英国伦敦大学高级访问学者
全国著名考研辅导专家，曾多次应邀到国外大学做中国文化讲学，曾任著名电视台英语栏目主持人、 音乐电视主持人、济南电台《今晚聊考研》栏目特约嘉宾、新浪网考研特约撰稿专家，是考研界不可多得的英语领军级辅导专家，长期从事英语语言测试研 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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百度云下载地址
链接：/s/1mgIfxTQ 密码：i7b9 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2015年考研英语一真题及答案排版完美版
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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[ei] art.一(个)；每一(个)；(同类事物中)任
一个 2. abandon [&bndn] vt.离弃，丢弃；遗弃，
抛弃；放弃
abdomen [b&dumen] n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) 4. abatement [&beitmnt]
n.减(免)税，打折扣，冲销 5.
[&baid] vi.(abode， ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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为了让生活变得更美好以及减少依赖，英国财政大臣乔治奥斯本引入了求职预付金计划。只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。有什么比这更合理呢？
更加明显的合理性 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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在2006年电影版的《时尚女魔头》中，梅丽尔斯特里普扮演的米兰达普雷斯丽责备她其貌不扬的女助手，因为她认为高端时尚并不能影响到自己。普雷斯丽说明了她助手的深蓝色毛衣如何在数年间从时尚秀场降到百货商店，又沦为便宜货。毫无疑问，这个贫穷的女孩肯定就是从便宜货里淘的衣服。
这种自上而下 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。当我们听到同辈（趋同）压力这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2009年纽约交响乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert担任下一任音乐指挥，这是自从突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。大体上说，这种反应至少可以说是称赞性的。 连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家Anthony Tommasini 也写道，很好哇！终于有结果啦！
然而，这次任命出人意料的原因之一是Gilbert相对来 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中， ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2009年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译 真题译文+ 题目翻译
习惯是一种有趣的现象。我们无意识地养成了习惯，任由大脑自动操作，且不知不觉在熟悉的常规中感到轻松舒适。并非选择，而是习惯会控制那些没有思想的人。19世纪时，威廉华兹华斯说。在千变万化的21世纪，甚至习惯rdq ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2008年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译 真题译文+ 题目翻译
在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。
对于动物和人类的研究都显 ...(<span id="diggnum) (<span id="diggdown) 本站小编 发布于
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2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版
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】【我要纠错】
Section I Use of English
　　Directions：
　　Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
　　Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as &a bodily exercise precious to health.& But __1___some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does.
　　__6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__， studies dating back to the 1930&s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
　　Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback， that improve an individual&s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
　　Although sadness also ____14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w&rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile & or with their lips， which would produce a（n） __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown， ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
　　1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like
　　2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce
　　3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining
　　4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
　　5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
　　6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
　　7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected
　　8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes
　　9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
　　10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal
　　11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for
　　12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at
　　13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because
　　14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses
　　15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
　　16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold
　　17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent
　　18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted
　　19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing
　　20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Directions：
　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
　　Text 1
　　The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part， the response has been favorable， to say the least. &Hooray！ At last！& wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.
　　One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocated Gilbert&s appointment in the Times， calls him &an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.& As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
　　For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions， but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
　　Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today&s live performances； moreover， they can be &consumed& at a time and place of the listener&s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
　　One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert&s own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into &a markedly different， more vibrant organization.& But what will be the nature of that difference？ Merely expanding the orchestra&s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America&s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.
　　21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert&s appointment has
　　[A]incurred criticism.
　　[B]raised suspicion.
　　[C]received acclaim.
　　[D]aroused curiosity.
　　22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
　　[A]influential.
　　[B]modest.
　　[C]respectable.
　　[D]talented.
　　23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
　　[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.
　　[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.
　　[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.
　　[D]overestimate the value of live performances.
　　24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings？
　　[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
　　[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.
　　[C]They help improve the quality of music.
　　[D]They have only covered masterpieces.
　　25. Regarding Gilbert&s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels
　　[A]doubtful.
　　[B]enthusiastic.
　　[C]confident.
　　[D]puzzled.
　　Text 2
　　When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses， he came right out and said he was leaving &to pursue my goal of running a company.& Broadcasting his ambition was &very much my decision，& McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
　　McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn&t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure， executives who don&t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
　　As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
　　The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：&I can&t think of a single search I&ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.&
　　Those who jumped without a job haven&t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.
　　Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. &The traditional rule was it&s safer to stay where you are， but that&s been fundamentally inverted，& says one headhunter. &The people who&ve been hurt the worst are those who&ve stayed too long.&
　　26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as being
　　[A]arrogant.
　　[B]frank.
　　[C]self-centered.
　　[D]impulsive.
　　27. According to Paragraph 2， senior executives& quitting may be spurred by
　　[A]their expectation of better financial status.
　　[B]their need to reflect on their private life.
　　[C]their strained relations with the boards.
　　[D]their pursuit of new career goals.
　　28. The word &poached& （Line 3， Paragraph 4） most probably means
　　[A]approved of.
　　[B]attended to.
　　[C]hunted for.
　　[D]guarded against.
　　29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
　　[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.
　　[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.
　　[C]top performers care more about reputations.
　　[D]it&s safer to stick to the traditional rules.
　　30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？
　　[A]CEOs： Where to Go？
　　[B]CEOs： All the Way Up？
　　[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net
　　[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
　　Text 3
　　The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional &paid& media & such as television commercials and print advertisements & still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create &owned& media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
　　Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ， such marketers act as the initiator for users& responses. But in some cases， one marketer&s owned media become another marketer&s paid media & for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective， gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies& marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.
　　The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse） communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers， other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks， for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.
　　If that happens， passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case， the company&s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example， alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
　　31.Consumers may create &earned& media when they are
　　[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
　　[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
　　[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.
　　[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
　　32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature
　　[A] a safe business environment.
　　[B] random competition.
　　[C] strong user traffic.
　　[D] flexibility in organization.
　　33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
　　[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
　　[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
　　[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.
　　[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.
　　34. Toyota Motor&s experience is cited as an example of
　　[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.
　　[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.
　　[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.
　　[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.
　　35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？
　　[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.
　　[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
　　[C] Dominance of hijacked media.
　　[D] Popularity of owned media.
　　Text 4
　　It&s no surprise that Jennifer Senior&s insightful， provocative magazine cover story， &I love My Children， I Hate My Life，& is arousing much chatter & nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard， Senior writes that &the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.&
　　The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive & and newly single & mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual &Jennifer Aniston is pregnant& news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.
　　In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ？ It doesn&t seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn&t have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
　　Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there， considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on； yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it， raising a kid on their &own& （read： with round-the-clock help） is a piece of cake.
　　It&s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it&s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthood aren&t in some small， subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience， in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting & the Rachel& might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
　　36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
　　[A]temporary delight
　　[B]enjoyment in progress
　　[C]happiness in retrospect
　　[D]lasting reward
　　37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that
　　[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
　　[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
　　[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
　　[D]having children is highly valued by the public.
　　38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
　　[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.
　　[B]are largely ignored by the media.
　　[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
　　[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.
　　39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
　　[A]soothing.
　　[B]ambiguous.
　　[C]compensatory.
　　[D]misleading.
　　40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？
　　[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
　　[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
　　[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
　　[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
　　Part B
　　Directions：
　　The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
　　[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can， Mr Menand points out， became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly， up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.
　　[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities： Literature， languages， philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style： 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However， many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a &general education& should look like. At Harvard， Mr Menand notes， &the great books are read because they have been read&-they form a sort of social glue.
　　[C] Equally unsurprisingly， only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects： English departments awarded more bachelor&s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So， at the end of a decade of theses-writing， many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.
　　[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate， taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law， medicine or business， future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. [E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation， top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process： federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990， but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career： as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation， argues Mr Menand， is that &the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.&So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge， but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.
　　[F] The key to reforming higher education， concludes Mr Menand， is to alter the way in which &the producers of knowledge are produced.&Otherwise， academics will continue to think dangerously alike， increasingly detached from the societies which they study， investigate and criticize.&Academic inquiry， at least in some fields， may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.&Yet quite how that happens， Mr Menand dose not say.
　　[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas： Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities， and Louis Menand， a professor of English at Harvard University， captured it skillfully.
　　G & 41. &42. & E &43. &44. &45.
　　Part C
　　Directions：
　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
　　With its theme that &Mind is the master weaver，& creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
　　（46） Allen&s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another. However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and （47） while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question： &Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？ &
　　Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ： & We do not attract what we want， but what we are.& Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement； you don&t & get& success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.
　　Part of the fame of Allen&s book is its contention that &Circumstances do not make a person， they reveal him.& （48） This seems a justification for neglect of those in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances， however bad， offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people， then humanity would never have progressed. In fat， （49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been &wronged& then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless， as any biographer knows， a person&s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.
　　The sobering aspect of Allen&s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50） The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us； where before we were experts in the array of limitations， now we become authorities of what is possible.
Section Ⅲ Writing
　　Part A
　　51. Directions：
　　Write a letter to a friend of yours to
　　1） recommend one of your favorite movies and
　　2） give reasons for your recommendation
　　Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User &LI MING& instead.
　　Do not writer the address.（10 points）
　　Part B
　　52. Directions：
　　Write an essay of 160&&200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay， you should
　　1） describe the drawing briefly，
　　2） explain it&s intended meaning， and
　　3） give your comments.
　　Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
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