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List of 17 Benches of CAT - Addresses & Tel. No.s
Administrative Tribunal (CAT), 61/35 Copernicus Marg,
New Delhi - 110 001,INDIA
E-mail ID: cat-delhi@nic.in
Website last Updated on : 11.05.2016
Central Administrative Tribunal has been established for adjudication of
disputes with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons
appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of
the Union or other local authorities within the territory of India or under
the control of Government of India and for matters connected therewith or
incidental thereto. This was done in pursuance of the amendment of Constitution
of India by Articles 323A.There were twelve years between the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 1763 and the ride of Paul Revere on April 1775. Tension and anger between colonists and the empire increasingly rose to the point of no return. During the short period of
causing disruption in its colonial policy. Furthermore, it found itself fighting wars in Europe, West Indies and Asia which drastically increased the cost of servicing its national debt. At the top of its agenda was the lightening of the burden on British …
The Stamp Act Congress met in the Federal Hall building in New York City between October 7 and 25, 1765. It was the first colonial action against a British measure and was formed to protest the
issued by British Parliament on March 1765. The Stamp Act Congress was attended by
of nine of the thirteen colonies. Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia were prevented from attending because their loyal governors refused to convene the assemblies to elect delegates. New Hampshire did not attend but approved the resolutions once Congress was over.
Federal …
The Navigation Acts were trade rules that governed commerce between Britain and its colonies. The first of the Navigation Acts existed for almost two centuries and was repealed in 1849. The laws were designed to protect British economic interests in colonial trade and to protect its industry against the rapidly growing Dutch navigation trade.
The purpose of the Molasses Act was to protect British West Indies exports to the American colonies from the more fertile French and Spanish islands of Martinique and Santo Domingo. It was not designed to raise revenue …
During the first eight years of King George III reign the British government had six ministries. British politics was in a state of chaos and political infighting between Whig groups disrupted colonial policy.
In the last years of King George II, Britain was unified under the leadership of William Pitt who had led Britain to war against the French in North America and India. The war had been costly and Britain was highly indebted however Pitt wanted to declare war on Spain before Spain attacked Britain. Not finding support among George …
Representatives from nine colonies attended the Stamp Act Congress.
From Massachusetts: James Otis, Samuel Adams, Oliver Partridge and Timothy Ruggles.
From Rhode Island: Henry Ward and Metcalf Bowler
From Connecticut: William Johnson, Eliphalet Dyer and David Rowland.
From New York: Phillip Livingston, William Bayard, John Cruger, Robert Livingston and Leonard Lispinard.
From Pennsylvania: John Morton, George Bryan and John Dickinson.
From New Jersey: Hendrick Fisher, Robert Ogden and Joseph Gordon.
From Delaware: Caesar Rodney and Thomas McKean.
From Maryland: Edward Tilghman, Thomas Ringgold and William Murdock.
From South Carolina: John Rutledge, Thomas Lynch and Christopher Gadsden.
Secretary: John Cotton
President: Timothy …
Samuel Adams ()
A graduate from Harvard College, unsuccessful businessman and tax collector, entered politics to coordinate efforts against
as a leader of . The Sons of Liberty were responsible for the , he was portrayed as a master of propaganda. He was an official of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and one of the founding fathers of the United States. He was a cousin of President John Adams.
Samuel Adams
James Otis ()
James Otis graduated from Harvard College. He was a top lawyer in Boston and became known as an opponent …
was nullified before it went into effect and was repealed by parliament on March 18, 1766 under the Marquis of Rockingham.
In the summer of 1765 King George III fired George Grenville and replaced him with Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham. For the new Prime Minister the only alternative to repealing the tax was a long and costly civil war with the American colonies. Britain, as the world greatest power, could not give up on the decision to uphold the tax and give in to mobs and activist in its …
What was the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act was a tax imposed by the British government on the American colonies. British taxpayers already paid a stamp tax and Massachusetts briefly experimented with a similar law, but the Stamp Act imposed on colonial residents went further than the existing ones. The primary goal was to raise money needed for military defenses of the colonies.
This legislative act was initiated by the British prime minister and adopted by the British Parliament. The decision was taken on March 1765 but did
not take effect until …
AN ACT for the better securing the dependency of his Majesty’s dominions in America upon the crown and parliament of Great Britain.
WHEREAS several of the houses of representatives in his Majesty’s colonies and plantations in America, have of late, against law, claimed to themselves, or to the general assemblies of the same, the sole and exclusive right of imposing duties and taxes upon his Majesty’s subjects in the said colo and have, in pursuance of such claim, passed certain votes, resolutions, and orders, derogatory to the legislative authority …
What was the Declaratory Act?
The Declaratory Act was a measure issued by British Parliament asserting its authority to make laws binding the colonists “in all cases whatsoever” including the right to tax. The Declaratory Act was a reaction of British Parliament to the failure of the
as they did not want to give up on the principle of imperial taxation asserting its legal right to tax colonies.
When Parliament
it concurrently approved the Declaratory Act to justify its repeal. It also declared all resolution issued by the
null and void. This …
Back to Stamp Act Homepage
An act for granting certain duties in the British colonies and plantations in A for allowing a drawback of the duties of customs upon the exportation, from this kingdom, of coffee and cocoa nuts of the produce of the said col for discontinuing the drawbacks payable on china earthen ware exported to A and for more effectually preventing the clandestine running of goods in the colonies and plantations.
WHEREAS it is expedient that a revenue should be raised in your Majesty?’s dominions in America, for making a more certain …
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Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks was the first person killed in the historic event that became known as The Boston Massacre.香港有限公司组织章程（中英文）
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ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF HONG KONG
CO., LIMITED
Preliminary
The regulations contained in Table "A" in the First Schedule to the
Companies Ordinance (Chapter 32) shall apply to the Company save in
so far as they are hereby expressly excluded or modified. In case
of conflict between the provisions of Table "A" and these presents,
the provisions herein contained shall prevail.
1.& ()A(A)AA
company is a private company and accordingly:
(a)& the right to transfer
shares is restricted in manner he
(b)& the number of Members
of the company ( persons who are in the employment of the company and of
persons who having been formerly in the employment of the company
were while in such employment and have continued after the
determination of such employment to be members of the company) is
limited to fifty. Provided that where two or more persons hold one
or more shares in the company jointly the shall for the purpose of
this regulation be treate
(c)& any invitation to the
public to subscribe for any shares or debentures of the company is
prohibited.
(b)& ()5022
The Directors may decline to register any transfer of shares to any
person without giving any reason therefor. The Directors may
suspend the registration of transfers during the twenty-one days
immediately preceding the Ordinary General Meeting in each year.
The Directors may decline to register any instrument of transfer,
unless (a) a fee not exceeding two dollars is paid to the Company
in respect thereof, and (b) the instrument of transfer is
accompanied by the Certificate of the shares to which it relates,
and such other evidence as the Directors may reasonably require to
show the right of the transferor to make the transfer.
of Directors
The Director may elect a chairman of their meetings, and determine
the period for which he is to hold office, and unless otherwise
determined the chairman shall be elected annually. If no chairman
is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present within
half an hour of the time appointed for holding the same, the
Directors present shall choose someone of their number to be the
chairman of such meeting.
Unless and until the Company in General Meeting shall otherwise
determine, the number of Directors shall not be less than
first Directors of the Company shall be nominated in writing by the
subscribers to the Memorandum of Association.
undersigned, whose name(s),address(es) and description(s) are
hereto subscribed, am/are desirous of being formed into a Company
in pursuance of this Memorandum of Association, and I/we
respectively agree to take the number of share(s) in the capital of
the company set opposite to my/our respective names:--
A Director who is about to go away from or is absent from Hong Kong
may with the approval of the majority of the other Directors
nominate any person to be his substitute and such substitute whilst
he holds office as such shall be entitled to notice of Meetings of
the Directors and to attend and vote thereat accordingly and he
shall ipso facto vacate office if and when the appointor returns to
Hong Kong or vacate office as a Director or removes the substitute
from office and any appointment and removal under this Article
shall be effected by notice in writing under the hand of or by
cable from the Director making the same.& A Director may
appoint (subject as above provided) one of the other Directors to
be his substitute who shall thereupon be entitled to exercise (in
addition to his own right of voting as a Director) such appointor's
rights at meetings of the Directors.
At the Ordinary General Meeting to be held next after the adoption
of these Articles and at every succeeding Ordinary General Meeting
all Directors shall retire from office and shall be eligible for
re-election.
A Director shall not require any qualification shares.
The office of a Director shall be vacated if the
resigns his office by notice in writing to the C
becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his
creditors&&
becomes of unsound mind.
10.& (a)& No Director
by contracting with the Company, nor shall any such
contract or any contract entered into by or on behalf of the
Company in which any Director shall be in any way interested be
avoided, nor shall any Director so contracting or being so
interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit
realised by any such contract by reason only of such Director
holding that office, or of the fiduciary relations thereby
established but it is declared that the nature of his interest must
be disclosed by him at the meeting of the Directors at which the
contract is determined on if his interest then exists, or, in any
other case, at the first meeting of the Directors after the
acquisition of his interest.& A Director may vote
in respect of any contract or arrangement in which he is
interested.
(b)& A director of the
Company may be or become a Director of any company promoted by this
company or in which it may be interested as a vendor, shareholder
or otherwise and no such Director shall be accountable for any
benefits received as a Director or shareholder of such
11.& The Directors may
meet together for the dispatch of business, adjourn and otherwise
regulate their Meetings as they think fit and determine the quorum
necessary for the transaction of business.& Until otherwise
determined, two Directors shall constitute a quorum. If the company
shall have only one Director, one Director shall constitute a
quorum and the sole Director may, in lieu of minutes of a meeting,
record in writing and sign a note or memorandum of all matters
requiring a resolution of the Directors. Such not or memorandum
shall constitute sufficient evidence of such resolution for all
purposes.&
The sole Director shall provide the Company with such note or
memorandum, or a copy thereof, within 7 days of the
12.& Any casual vacancy
occurring in the Board of Directors may be filled up by the
Directors , but the person so chosen shall be subject to retirement
at the same time as if he had become a Director on the day on which
the Director in whose place he is appointed was last elected a
13.& Subject to the
provisions of Article 6 hereof, the Directors shall have power at
any time, and from time to time, to appoint a person as an
additional Director who shall retire from office at the next
following Ordinary General Meeting, but shall be eligible for
election by the Company at that meetings as an additional
14.& The Company may by
special resolution remove any Director and may by an ordinary
resolution appoint another person in his stead.& The person so
appointed shall be subject to retirement at the same time as if he
had become a Director on the day on which the Director in whose
place he is appointed was last elected a Director.If the Company
shall have sole Director who is also the sole member, a Reserve
Director (who must be 18 years of age or above) may be nominated in
General Meeting and set in the place of the sole Director in the
event of his death.
15.& Any resolution of the
Board of Directors in writing signed by the majority of the
Directors, in whatever part of the world they may be, shall be
valid and binding as a resolution of the Directors provided that
notice shall have been given to all the Directors of the Company
capable of being communicated with conveniently according to the
last notification of address by each such Director given to the
Registered Office of the Company.
16.& Where any notice is
required either by these Articles, by Table "A", by the ordinance
or otherwise, to be given to any Director or to any Member of the
Company, such shall be valid if given by cable and where any
consent, agreement, signature, notice by or authority from any
Director or Member of the Company such shall be good and valid if
given by cable in spite of the fact that neither the cable nor the
document by which the cable is sent bears a written
signature.&
This clause shall not apply to Special Resolutions.
,,,,.,,,,,..
17.& The Directors, in
addition to the powers and authorities by these Articles or
otherwise expressly conferred upon them, may exercise all such
powers and do all such acts and things as my be exercised or done
by the Company in General Meeting subject nevertheless to the
provisions of the Companies Ordinance (Chapter 32), to these
Articles, and to any regulations from time to time made by the
Company in General Meetings, provided that no such regulation so
made shall invalidate any prior act of the Directors which would
have been valid if such regulations had not been made.
18.& Without prejudice to
the general powers conferred by the preceding Article and the other
powers conferred by these Articles, it is hereby expressly declared
that the Directors shall have the following powers, that is to say,
(a)& To pay the costs,
charges and expenses preliminary and incidental to the promotion,
formation, establishment and registration of the
(b)& To purchase or
otherwise acquire for the Company or sell or otherwise dispose of
any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorised
to acquire at such price and generally on such terms and conditions
as they shall think fit.
(c)& To engage, suspend or
dismiss the employees of the company, and to fix and vary their
salaries or emoluments.
(d)& To institute,
conduct, defend, compromise or abandon any legal proceedings by or
against the Company or its officers, or otherwise concerning the
affairs of the Company, and also to compound and allow time for
payment of satisfaction of any debts due and of any claims or
demands by or against the Company.
(e)& To refer any claims
or demands by or against the Company to arbitration and observe and
perform the awards.
(f)& To make and give
receipts, releases and other discharges for moneys payable to the
company, and for claims and demands of the Company.
(g)& To invest, lend or
otherwise deal with any of the moneys or property of the Company in
such manner as they think fit having regard to the Company's
Memorandum of Association and from time to time to vary or realise
any such investment.
(h)& To borrow money on
behalf of the Company, and to pledge, mortgage or hypothecate any
of the property of the Company.
(i)& To open a current
account with themselves for the Company and to advance any money to
the Company with or without interest and upon such terms and
conditions as they shall think fit.
(j)& To enter into all
such negotiations and contracts and rescind and vary all such
contracts and execute and do all such acts, deeds and things in the
name and on behalf of the Company as they may consider expedient
for, or in relation to, any of the matters aforesaid, or otherwise
for the purposes of the Company.
(k)& To give to any
Director, office or other person employed by the Company a
commission on the profits of any particular business or trasaction,
and such commission shall be treated as part of the working
expenses of the Company, and to pay commissions and make allowances
(either by way of a share in the general profits of the Company or
otherwise) to any person introducing business to the Company or
otherwise promoting or serving the interest thereof.
(l)& To sell, improve,
manage, exchange, lease, let, mortgage or turn to account all or
any part of the land, property, rights and privileges of the
employ, invest or otherwise deal with any Reserve Fund or Reserve
Funds in such manner and for such purposes as the Directors may
think fit.
execute, in the name and on behalf of the Company, in favour of any
Director or other person who may incur or be about to incur any
personal liability for the benefit of the Company, such mortgages
of the Company's property (present or future) as they think fit,
and any such mortgage may contain a power of sale and such other
powers, covenants and provision as shall be agreed upon.
time to time to provide for the management of the affairs of the
Company abroad in such manner as they think fit, and inparticular
to appoint any persons to be the attorneys or agents of the Company
with such powers (including power to sub-delegate) and upon such
terms as they think fit.
time to time to make, vary or repeal rules and by-laws for the
regulation of the business of the Company, its officers and
delegate any or all of the powers therein to any Director or other
person or persons as the Directors may at any time think
19. Clause
81 of Table "A" shall not apply.& 19.
20.& The Seal of the
Company shall be kept by the Board of Directors and shall not be
used except with their authority
21.& Every document
required to be sealed with the Seal of the Company shall be deemed
to be properly executed if sealed with the Seal of the Company and
signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or such person or
persons as the Board may from time to time authorised for such
cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange, and other
negotiable instruments, shall be made signed, drawn, accepted and
endorsed, or otherwise executed by the person or persons from time
to time authorised by a resolution of the Board of
Directors.
23.& For all purposes, the
quorum for all general meetings shall be two members personally
present and holding either in his own right or by proxy at least
fifty-one per cent of the paid-up capital of the Company, and no
business shall be transacted at any General Meeting unless the
requisite quorum be present at the commencement of the
24.& A resolution in
writing signed by all the shareholders shall be as valid and
effectual as a resolution passed at a general meeting duly convened
25.& All voting of members
in respect of any matter or matters shall be by poll and every
member present in person or by proxy shall have one vote for each
share of which he is holder.
of Profits
26.& The net profits of
the Company in each year shall be applied in or to wards the
formation of such reserve fund or funds and in or towards the
payment of such dividends and bonuses as the Directors subject to
the approval of the Company in General Meeting may
27.& No dividend shall be
payable except out of the profits of the Company, and no dividend
shall carry interest as against the Company.
28.& A transfer of shares
shall not pass the right to any dividend declared thereon before
the registration of the transfer.
29.& If two or more
persons are registered as joint holders of any share, any one of
such persons may give effectual receipts for any dividends or for
other moneys payable in respect of such share.
30.& The Director may
retain any dividends payable on shares on which the Company has a
lien, and may apply the same in or towards satisfaction of the
debts, liabilities or engagements in respect of which the lien
31.& All dividends
unclaimed for one year after having been declared may be invested
or otherwise made use of by the Directors for benefit of the
Company until claimed.
32.& The Directors may
from time to time by resolution appoint or remove a
Secretary.&
In the event that the secretary appointed is a corporation or other
body, it may act and sign by the hand of any one or more of its
directors or officers duly authorized.& The first secretary
of the Company shall be WONDERFUL SECRETARIAL BUSINESS
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