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, 1 March 2016, Pages 9–16
Effects of intercropping of maize and potato on sloping land on the water balance and surface runoff, , , , , , , ,
Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, P.O. 650201, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China&The effect of intercropping on controlling water loss on sloping land remains not clear.&The maize-potato intercropping on sloping land could decrease the runoff compared with sole maize.&Decreased runoff in intercropping compared with sole maize is relevant to potato tuber most likely generating soil crevices.&The maize-potato intercropping on sloping land could decrease the soil evaporation as compared with sole crop.&Water loss controlling advantage of maize-potato intercropping on sloping land plays an important role in its overyielding.It has been suggested that the increased yields of intercropping are strongly correlated to its effect on controlling water loss. However, studies of the effect of intercropping on controlling water loss on sloping land are few. In this study, with maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as experimental crops, a comparison was made of surface runoff, soil evaporation, soil moisture content, crop transpiration and crop yield between the intercropping and the sole crop on sloping land during . Data showed that: (1) the accumulative runoff in maize and potato intercropping (IC) was not significantly different from that in sole potato (SP), but significantly decreased by 56.75&74.53% (P & 0.05) as compared with that in the sole maize (SM); (2) the daily mean soil evaporation in IC decreased by 20.83&28.44% (P & 0.05) as compared with that in SM, and decreased by 6.99&14.85% (P = 0.034 in 2012 and P = 0.064 in 2013) as compared with that in SP; (3) the soil moisture content in IC at each observation period was higher than that in SM and SP (P = 0.101 in late July and P & 0.05 in other periods); (4) the transpiration in IC was significantly higher than that in SM and SP (P & 0.05); and (5) the land equivalent ratio (LER) of IC was 1.19&1.34 (P & 0.05), indicating that the maize and potato intercropping induced a yield advantage. Overall, the results suggested that on sloping land, the maize and potato intercropping can reduce the water loss from the surface runoff and the soil evaporation, thus increasing the soil moisture content and contribute to the increase of the transpiration and crop yield. Data also indicated that the lower runoff in maize and potato intercropping compared with sole maize is associated not only with the higher leaf area index, but also with the potato tubers.KeywordsBiodiversity; Soil evaporation; Soil moisture content
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法律专业毕业一直从事法律相关工作，有着丰富的法援相关经验
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Expressed nifH Genes of Endophytic Bacteria Detected in Field-Grown Sweet Potato.
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infection expekiments with wart disease of potatoes. synchytrium endobioticum (s.
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2003年英语专业四级考试真题及答案
2003年英语专业四级考试真题及答案
Part ⅠWRITING［45 MIN.】
SECTION A COMPOSITION［35 MIN.］
People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:
THE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING A GOOD MOOD
You are to write in three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your view is.
In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING ［10 MIN.］
Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
Your friend Clare has invited you to her house-warming party this weekend. However, you will be away then. Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
Part Ⅳ& CLOZE& ［15 MIN.］
&& Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.
During McDonald&s early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were (26)____, cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (27)____ the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (28)____ that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald&s began (29) ____ to frozen French fries in 1966&and few customers noticed the difference. (30)____, the change had a profound effect on the nation&s agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (31)____. McDonald&s fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (32)____ can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (33)____ McDonald&s and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.?
The taste of McDonald&s French fries played a crucial role in the chain&s success&fries are much more profitable than hamburgers&and was (34)____ praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (35)____ taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald&s (36)____, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the (37)____ large processing companies, and have similar (38)____ in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (39) ____ determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald&s cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique (40) ____.
26. A. scaled&&&&& B. stripped&& C. peeled&&&&& D. sliced
27. A. As&&&&&&&&& B. Due to&&&&& C. Owing to&&& D. With
28. A. ensue&&&&&& B. ensure&&& C. enrich&&&&& D. enable
29. A. switching&& B. diverting? C. modifying&& D. altering
30. A. Still&&&& B. Anyway? C. Besides&&& D. Nevertheless
31. A. brand&&&&&& B. stuff&& C. commodity&& D. produce
32. A. this&&&&&&& B. that&&& C./&&&&&&&&&& D. what
33. A. into&&&&&&& B. from&&& C. in&&&&&&&&& D. of
34. A. long&&&&&&& B. only&&& C. first&&&&&& D. lonely
35. A. distinctive B. distinct? C. distinguished D. distinguishable
36. A. possesses&& B. buys&& C. acquires&&& D. grows
37. A. exact&&&&&& B. identical&& C. same&&&&&&& D. alike
38. A. woks&&&&&&& B. pots&& C. boilers&&&& D. fryers
39. A. adequately B. massively C. plentifully D. largely
40. A. flavour&&&& B. fragrance&& C. smell&&&&&& D. perfume
Part ⅤGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY& ［15 MIN.］
? There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
41. Agriculture is the country&s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggest cereal crop.
A. is&&&&& B. been&&&&& C. be&&&& D. being
42. Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.?
A. has been missing&&&& B. has been missed?C. had been missing&&& D. was missed
43. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
A. where&& B. of whose&& C. whose&& D. which
44. Who____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?
A. you said&& B. did you say&& C. did you say that&&& D. you did say
45. &Does Alan like hamburgers?
&Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.
A. for&& B. as&& C. to&& D. so
46. Your ideas, ____, seem unusual to me.
A. like her&&&& B. like hers&&& C. similar to her&&&& D. similar to herself
47. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____for that.
A. for us to be prepared&&&& B. that we are prepared
C. of us to be prepared&&&& D. our being prepared
48. Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.
A. permit&&& B. permitting&&& C. permitted&&& D. permits
49. ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.
A. As mush as&&& B. So much&&& C. How much&& D. Much as
50. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anything today.
A. neither you nor I are&&& B. neither you nor me am
C. neither you nor I am&&& D. neither me nor you are
51. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.
A. which&&& B. it&&& C. that&&& D. what
52. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.
A. which&&& B. that&&& C. who&&& D. whom
53. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?
A. hadn&t she&&&& B. hasn&t she&&& C. wouldn&t she&&& D. didn&t she
54. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ____.
A. on view&&& B. at a glance&&& C. on the scene&&& D. in sight
55. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the ____.
A. latter&&& B. latest&&& C. later&&& D. last
56. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, ____traffic delays.
A. acknowledging&&& B. affording& C. allowing for&&&& D. accounting for
57. He will have to____ his indecent behaviour one day.
A. answer to&&& B. answer for&&&& C. answer back&&&& D. answer about
58. With ____ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now.
A. rare&&& B. unusual&&& C. extraordinary&&& D. unique
59. We have been hearing ____accounts of your work.
A. favoured&&& B. favourable&&& C. favourite&&& D. favouring
60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel.
A. empty&&& B. blank&&& C. deserted&&& D. vacant
61. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a ____ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway.
A. sign&&& B. mark&&& C. signal&&& D. board
62. Whenever possible, Ian ____ how well he speaks Japanese.
A. shows up&&& B. shows around&&& C. shows off&&& D. shows out
63. The tenant left nothing behind except some ____ of paper, cloth, etc.
A. sheets&&& B. scraps&&& C. papers&&& D. slices
64. Shares on the stock market have ____ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn.
A. turned&&& B. changed&&& C. floated&&& D. fluctuated
65. I think you can take a(n) ____ language course to improve your English.
A. intermediate&&& B. middle&&& C. medium&&& D. mid
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科目：高中英语
完形填空：
Mr Parker was living in the country , and he wanted to go to an office
in the city one day . He 1 the address on a letter, got 2 his car and 3 to
the city . He drove straight to the office without any 4 and stopped his car 5 the
office. He locked his car and 6 to go into his office, but suddenly he turned
around and went back to his car . He remembered that he 7 his keys in it ! He
telephoned his wife and said, “ 8 , I ’ve locked my keys in my car . Please 9
me your keys .”
Mrs Parker got into their 10 car and drove twenty miles to 11
her husband. But 12 Mr Parker was waiting for his wife, he walked 13 his
car and tried the other 14 . It was not locked ! Mr Parker locked it 15 before
his wife arrived.
D.difficult
A.in the front of
B.in the middle of
C.in front of
D.at the foot of
D.wondered
A.has locked
B.had lock
D.had locked
A.listen to me
B.I need your help
C.Excuse me
D.Don’t smile at me
C.a second
D.the other
A.suddenly
科目：高中英语
Nicolette Morganti’s friends can’t understand
why she joined a dating agency().
She has a good job &&&1&& &a
personal assistant with a television news agency, her own house, and a full
social life. But she, a 29-year-old woman, who has a degree in English
Literature(),is so &&&2&& &with
British &&&3&& &that she joined the English Rose dating agency to get in
touch with single American males.
“English men are usually materialistic and
have &&&4&& &imagination,” she says.
“I have &&&5&&
&years being bored by
men who never do anything &&&6&&& .”
“I’m almost 30 now and I would really love to
&&&7&& &a husband and have &&&8&&
.I’d like to live in London for six months of the year and in the
States for 9&&& &six months.”
In her search for the perfect man, Nicolette
once& &&10&& &an advertisement in a magazine for &&&11&& &people and had 400 replies.
But she says, “I only met one or two of them.& 12&& &of
the others sounded very &&13&& .”
Nicolette joined English Rose about 18 months
&&&14&& &and has met &&&15&&
She says, “I &&&16&&
&that American men are
more romantic and thoughtful than British men. I rang 17&& &in the States, and afterwards he sent me 200 dollars to &&&18&& &the
“I’ve met five so far but I’m looking for
someone very &&&19&&
. I’d like to find a caring, well-educated, non-smoking,
animal-lover with a professional job and a &&&20&&
&of adventure.”
1.A.like && B.being
C.as &&& D.with
2.A.tired && &&& B.bored
C.pleased D.angry
3.A.men & B.games
C.music && D.master
4.A.some & &&& B.much
C.a little && D.no
5.A.passed && B.spent
C.entered D.wasted
6.A.exciting B.moving
C.interesting D.living
7.A.marry to &&& B.accept
C.receive D.find
8.A.friends & B.work
C.a home D.children
9.A.another & B.some
C.the other && D.other
10.A.wrote & B.put
C.gave D.posted
11.A.single && B.married
C.only D.lonely
12.A.Most & B.Few
C.All &&& D.Some
13.A.worrying &&& B.encouraging
C.boring D.surprising
14.A.before B.later
C.more && D.ago
15.A.from && B.since
C.after D.until
16.A.expect B.suppose
C.know && D.feel
17.A.one B.it
C.them && D.him
18.A.pay to & B.pay
C.pay for D.pay
19.A.ordinary && B.handsome
C.special & D.lovely
20.A.feeling B.sense
C.way D.kind
科目：高中英语
来源：英语教研室
Nicolette Morganti’s friends can’t understand
why she joined a dating agency().
She has a good job &&&1&& &a
personal assistant with a television news agency, her own house, and a full
social life. But she, a 29-year-old woman, who has a degree in English
Literature(),is so &&&2&& &with
British &&&3&& &that she joined the English Rose dating agency to get in
touch with single American males.
“English men are usually materialistic and
have &&&4&& &imagination,” she says.
“I have &&&5&&
&years being bored by
men who never do anything &&&6&&& .”
“I’m almost 30 now and I would really love to
&&&7&& &a husband and have &&&8&&
.I’d like to live in London for six months of the year and in the
States for 9&&& &six months.”
In her search for the perfect man, Nicolette
once& &&10&& &an advertisement in a magazine for &&&11&& &people and had 400 replies.
But she says, “I only met one or two of them.& 12&& &of
the others sounded very &&13&& .”
Nicolette joined English Rose about 18 months
&&&14&& &and has met &&&15&&
She says, “I &&&16&&
&that American men are
more romantic and thoughtful than British men. I rang 17&& &in the States, and afterwards he sent me 200 dollars to &&&18&& &the
“I’ve met five so far but I’m looking for
someone very &&&19&&
. I’d like to find a caring, well-educated, non-smoking,
animal-lover with a professional job and a &&&20&&
&of adventure.”
1.A.like && B.being
C.as &&& D.with
2.A.tired && &&& B.bored
C.pleased D.angry
3.A.men & B.games
C.music && D.master
4.A.some & &&& B.much
C.a little && D.no
5.A.passed && B.spent
C.entered D.wasted
6.A.exciting B.moving
C.interesting D.living
7.A.marry to &&& B.accept
C.receive D.find
8.A.friends & B.work
C.a home D.children
9.A.another & B.some
C.the other && D.other
10.A.wrote & B.put
C.gave D.posted
11.A.single && B.married
C.only D.lonely
12.A.Most & B.Few
C.All &&& D.Some
13.A.worrying &&& B.encouraging
C.boring D.surprising
14.A.before B.later
C.more && D.ago
15.A.from && B.since
C.after &&&&n b D.until
16.A.expect B.suppose
C.know && D.feel
17.A.one B.it
C.them && D.him
18.A.pay to & B.pay
C.pay for D.pay
19.A.ordinary && B.handsome
C.special & D.lovely
20.A.feeling B.sense
C.way D.kind
科目：高中英语
One day Tom bought, for two dollars, a large number of used books. He put them in a ___1____ and pulled them to the ___2___ He had to ___3____ at work until three in the morning.
At three, he ___4____ to walk home. The streets were dark. Tom could ___5____ wait to arrive home to begin reading his new hooks.
“___6___”a voice shouted. But Tom was too ___7___ to hear the shout. A moment later, a gunshot went ___8____ his ear. He heard the shot. Tom turned to see what was ___9____. An angry policeman ran toward him. The policeman didn't think that the bag ____10___ Tom. He shouted at Tom,“Drop it!”Tom did so.
“Open it!”the policeman ____11_____.
Tom opened it and the old books ___12_____ out of it.
“Why didn't you stop ____13____ when I shouted?” the policeman asked,“If I could shoot ___14____, you would be dead.”“I didn't ____15____ you.”Tom said,“I am almost deaf.”
The policeman told Tom he was___16____for having shot at him.“___17____would be better for you not to walk on the ___18___ at night”he said.
Tom smiled, and told the policeman that his job____19____ a clerk in the telegraph office was a night job. The policeman could think of____20____ to answer this.
(1)Abasket
(2)Aoffice
(4)Awanted
(5)Aeagerly
(7)Anervous
Dfrightened
Chappening
(10)Afixed
(11)Aordered
(12)Apoured
(13)Ahearing
(14)Aearlier
Dunderstand
(16)Acareless
Bsurprised
(20)Anothing
Beverything
C)Anything
Dsomething
科目：高中英语
来源：英语教研室
DC Hilton was one of the first American to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 42 years ago be bought a small __1___on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His___2___customers were truck drivers and___3___salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheese-burgers when they stopped to___4___their journey.
It was they who first tried to____5____Hilton to remain open all night. He thought about it for a while, and then suddenly made up his___6____. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn't closed the door____7___.
Over the years his simple cafe expanded into a 24-hour roadside ____8___,with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car ___9___for mobile homes and all-night selfhelp laundry（洗衣店）.
Hilton was a ___10__in a 24-hour working trend which has now ___11___ around the world. Today not only restaurants but also hanks, supermarkets, mail-order ___12___and many other businesses are___13___to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?
A lot of ____14____has been done in America on the effect of 24-hour working and there is growing ___15____about the long term dangers of society that doesn't sleep.
Americans are said to be___16___20％ less than they did 100 years ago, and 55％ claim to __17___at least occasionally from overtiredness. ___18____of the worst man-made accidents happened in the last few hours before ___19___, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficult____20____awake.
(1)Amarket
Drestaurant
(3)Ashopping
Ctraveling
(5)Apersuade
(9)Agarage
(10)Apioneer
(11)Acaught
(12)Ashops
Ddepartments
(13)Aordered
Cperforming
Dbeginning
(14)Aresearch
Dinformation
(15)Ainterest
(16)Aworking
(17)Arecover
(20)Astaying
Ccontinuing
Dinsisting
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