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正在加载中,请稍后...[名词用法]英语名词的格及其用法
[名词用法]英语名词的格及其用法
1. 名词格的三种形式 名词的格包括主格、宾格和所有格三种形式。原则上说,主格用作主语,宾语用作宾语,但由于名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们被统称为通格,它们在句中可用主语、宾语、表语等。名词的所有格表示所属关系,它有两种构成方式,即-’s 所有格和 of 所有格。如:
Jack bought a car. 杰克买了辆小汽车。(Jack 为主格,Mary 为宾格)
Jim’s room is bigger. 吉姆的房间大些。(Jim’s 为所有格)
The gate of the school is beautiful. 学校的大门很美丽。(of the gate 为所有格)
2. 所有格词尾 -’s的加法
(1) 在多数情况下,直接在名词加 -’s,但若名词已带有复数词尾-s,则只加撇号。如:
This is our teacher’s room. 这是我们老师的房间。
This is the teachers’reading-room. 这是教师阅览室。
(2) 如果复数名词不带词尾 -s,则要加-’s。如:
Today is Children’s Day. 今天是儿童节。
It’s next to the People’s Cinema. 它在人民电影院隔壁。
(3) 如果是带词尾-s的单数名词,通常仍加 –’s 构成所有格。如:
Bass’s words had a soothing effect. 贝斯的话有安慰的作用。
We don’t believe the boss’s promise. 我们不相信老板的承诺。
(4) 如果是带词尾 -’s的专有名词,其所有格既可在末尾加 -’s,也可在只加撇号。如:
This is Mr. Jones’s [Jones’] car. 这是琼斯先生的车。
(5) 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s:
Tom’s and Jim’s companies 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的公司
Tom and Jim’s company 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的公司
【说明】名词的所有格词尾 -’s 的读音与名词复数词尾的读音大致相同。对于已带词尾-s而只加撇号构成的所有格,其读音为[iz]。
3. –s 所有格的用法
-s 所有格主要用于表示所有关系,但除此之外,它还可以表示主谓关系、动宾关系、类别关系、来源关系等。如:
A teacher’s praise has great effect on his students. 老师的赞扬对学生的影响很大。(表主谓关系)
The President’s murder rocked the nation. 总统遇刺震惊了全国。(表动宾关系)
It was a women’s magazine that he gave me. 他给我的是一本女性杂志。(表类别关系)
4. 两种所有格的用法比较
(1) -’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西,而 of 所有格则可用于有生命的东西,也可用于无生命的东西。如:
I don’t like Mrs Green’s children. =I don’t like the children of Mrs Green. 我不喜欢格林夫人的孩子。
He played the role of the old king in the play. 他在剧中扮演老国王。
The score of the game is two all. 比赛结果是二比二平。
【说明】-s所有格有时也可用于无生命的东西,主要用于表时间、国家、城市、组织机构、车辆船只以及某些集合名词或度量衡等的名词后。如:
Have you seen today’s paper? 你看到今天的报纸了吗?
I like the car’s design. 我喜欢这辆车的设计。
Which’s the country’s biggest city? 这个国家最大的城市是哪个?
The new medicine is the harvest of 20 years’research. 这种新药是20年研究的成果。
(2) 表示类别、来源等时,通常要用 -’s 所有格;表示同位关系时,通常要用of 所有格。如:“男厕所”、“女厕所”可说成 men’s room, women’s room,但通常不说 the room of men, the room of women,因为其中的“男”和“女”表示的是类别;而“长沙市”通常说成 the city of Shangsha,而不会说成 Shangsha’s city,因为“长沙”与“市”是同位关系。
5. 双重所有格
在英语中,将-’s所有格(包括名词性物主代词)与of 所有格结合起来所构成的所有格就叫做双重所有格。如a friend of Li Lei’s。在使用双重所有格时要注意以下几点:
(1) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能是专有名词或具有独一无二性质的名词。如不说 Jim of Mrs. Smith’s / a father of Mary’s,可改说 Mrs. Smith’s Jim / Mary’s father。
(2) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能带定冠词,但可带指示代词this, that, these, those,表示某种感****彩(如赞赏、厌恶等)。如不说 the masterpiece of Tom’s,但可说 this / that masterpiece of Tom’s。
(3) 双重所有格中带-’s所有格的名词通常应是确指的。如不说 a brother of a friend’s,但可说 a friend of my friend’s。
(4) 双重所有格中带-’s所有格的名词通常应是生命的东西。如不说a window of the room’s,应改为a window of the room。
(5) 有时两种所有格均可使用,但所表达的意义不同。比较:
This is a photo of my mother’s. 这是我母亲收藏的一张照片。
This is a photo of my mother. 这是我母亲照的一张照片。
He’s a friend of my father’s. 他是我父亲的一个朋友。(意指朋友不只一个)
He’s a friend of my father. 他是我父亲的朋友。(强调两人之间的友情)
A:Who told you that? 这是谁告诉你的?
B:A friend of your father’s. 是你父亲的一个朋友。
A:If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father. 如果他说那样的话,那他对我父亲就不够朋友。
6. 所有格的省略
有时受所有格修饰的名词可以省略,如省略表示教堂、商店的名词,省略某人家或某人办公室的名词,省略前文刚刚提到过的名词。如:
Mother has gone to the butcher’s (shop). 母亲到肉铺去了。
I went over to John’s, but he was at his sister’s. 我到去了约翰家,但他去了他姐姐家。
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[00:00.00]Lesson 30
Bo-Bo's Birthday
[00:02.35]每30课
波波的生日
[00:04.70]Mom:Happy birthday to you,my dear!
[00:07.71]祝你生日快乐,宝贝!
[00:10.71]Bo-Bo:Right,today is my birthday!
[00:00.00]Lesson 29
[00:02.12]第29课
[00:04.23]Bo-Bo:What is the date today,Mom?
[00:07.76]今天是几号?妈妈?
[00:11.28]Mom:Today is Mary the thirty-first.
[00:14.68]今天是五
[00:00.00]Lesson 28
[00:01.89]第28课
[00:03.79]Bo-Bo:What's the time by your watch,Mom?
[00:08.40]妈妈,您的手表几点了?
[00:13.01]Mom:It is six o'clock.
[00:16.08]六点了。
[00:00.00]Lesson 27
[00:01.85]第27课
[00:03.71]Bo-Bo:Hello,May I speak to Li-Li?
[00:06.96]喂,请找莉莉。
[00:10.21]Li-Li:Yes,speaking.Who is this speaking,please?
[00:00.00]Lesson 26
Seeing the Doctor
[00:02.27]第26课
[00:04.55]Bo-Bo:I don't feel very well.
[00:07.33]我不太舒服。
[00:10.11]Mom:That's too bad.Let me take you to see a doctor.
[00:00.00]Lesson 25
[00:02.08]第25课堂
[00:04.15]Salesgirl:Can I help you?
[00:05.79]您想买点什么?
[00:07.42]Mom:Yes.Have you any shirts for my boy?
[00:11.49]有我孩子穿的衬
[00:00.00]Lesson 24
[00:01.82]第24课
[00:03.63]Bo-Bo:Who is it?
[00:04.95]谁呀?
[00:06.27]Guest:It's me.May I come in?
[00:09.10]是我。可以进来吗?
[00:11.94]Bo-Bo:Yes
[00:00.00]Lesson 23
Asking the Way
[00:02.60]第23课
[00:05.20]Bo-Bo:Excuse me,where is the museum?
[00:08.96]请问博物馆在哪里?
[00:12.72]Man:Oh,it's far from here.
[00:15.83]噢,离这
[00:00.00]Lesson 22
[00:01.87]第22课
[00:03.74]Bo-Bo:What is the weather today?
[00:07.08]今天是什么天气?
[00:10.42]Mom:It's gloomy and it looks like rain.
[00:15.33]阴天
[00:00.00]Lesson 21
At the Zoo
[00:02.29]第21课
[00:04.57]Bo-Bo:Look,is that a peacock?
[00:07.76]看,那是只孔雀中吗?
[00:10.95]Mom:Yes.How beauiful its feather is!
[00:00.00]Lesson 20
In the Park
[00:01.61]第20课
[00:03.21]Bo-Bo:Look,there is a fountain by the lake.
[00:07.73]看,湖边有个喷泉。
[00:12.25]Mom:It's very beautiful.
[00:00.00]Lesson 17
Doing Homework
[00:02.36]第17课
[00:04.73]Bo-Bo:Is Li-Li at home?
[00:07.54]莉莉在家吗?
[00:10.34]Li-Li:Yes,come in please.I'm expecting you.
[00:14.63]在家,
[00:00.00]Lesson 18
In the Car
[00:02.02]第18课
[00:04.05]Bo-Bo:Dad,why do you stop the car?
[00:08.18]爸爸,为什么停车?
[00:12.30]DIt's the red light now.It's to stop the c
[00:00.00]Lesson 19
Go to the Park
[00:02.16]第19课
[00:04.31]Bo-Bo:What day is today,Mom?
[00:07.63]今天星期几,妈妈?
[00:10.95]Mom:Today is Sunday.
[00:13.41]今天星期天。
[00:00.00]Lesson 16
After School
[00:02.02]第16课
[00:04.05]Bo-Bo:Mom,I'm back.
[00:06.94]妈妈,我回来了。
[00:09.82]Mom:Good boy.How's school?
[00:12.89]好孩子。学校情况怎么样?
[00:00.00]Lesson 14
[00:01.84]第14课
[00:03.68]Teacher:Class begins.Is anybody absent?
[00:08.02]开始上课。有人缺席吗?
[00:12.36]Bo-Bo;No.All are present.
[00:15.67]没
[00:00.00]Lesson 15
On the Playground
[00:02.31]第15课
[00:04.62]Bo-Bo:Class is over.Let's go out to play,Li-Li.
[00:10.10]下课了。我们出去玩吧,莉莉。
[00:15.57]Li-Li:All right
[00:00.00]Lesson 13
A New Pupil
[00:02.21]第13课
一位新同学
[00:04.41]Bo-Bo:Good morning,teacher.
[00:06.32]老师,早上好。
[00:08.23]Teacher:Good morning.Are you a new pupil?
[00:00.00]Lesson 12
[00:01.65]第12课
[00:03.29]Teacher:What grade are you in,little boy?
[00:07.05]你上几年级,小朋友?
[00:10.81]Bo-Bo:I am in grade 1.
[00:13.74]我上
[00:00.00]Lesson 11
On the Way to School
[00:02.35]第11课
[00:04.70]Bo-Bo:Hi!
[00:05.79]你好!
[00:06.87]Li-Li:Hi!
[00:08.29]你好!
[00:09.72]Bo-Bo:Are you going to school?
[00:00.00]Lesson 1 Introduction
[00:01.20]第一课
[00:02.40]introduction
[00:03.72]介绍;推荐
[00:05.04]come
[00:06.13]来
[00:07.21]here
[00:08.07]向这里,到这里
[00:08.93]yes
[00:00.00]Lesson
Greetings and Goodbye
[00:02.21]第二课
问候与再见
[00:04.41]hello
[00:05.50]喂!
[00:06.58]fine
[00:07.64]有精神的,健康的
[00:08.70]thank
[00:09.77]感谢,谢谢
[00:00.00]Lesson 3
About Bo-Bo's Family
[00:02.08]第三课
波波的一家
[00:04.15]Li-Li:How many people are there in your family,Bo-Bo?
[00:08.49]波波,你家有几口人?
[00:12.83]Bo-Bo:There are
[00:00.00]Lesson 4
Getting up
[00:01.45]第四课
[00:02.90]Mom:Time to get up,Bo-Bo.
[00:04.99]该起床了,波波。
[00:07.08]Bo-Bo:H'm,I want to sleep a little longer.
[00:12.17]我想再多
[00:00.00]Lesson 5
After Getting Up
[00:01.59]第五课
[00:03.19]Mom:Have you got up,Bo-Bo?
[00:05.28]波波,起床了吗?
[00:07.37]Bo-Bo:Yes,Mom.
[00:08.93]起来了,妈妈。
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