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Carousels on
are now commonplace, but are they useful for retailers?
In theory, they offer a chance for sites to put multiple messages in prime postion on homepage, but there are drawbacks.
I've been looking at the potential problems with carousels, as well as asking ecommerce professionals for their views...
Usability issues with carousels
They move too quickly
The auto-forwarding of carousels can be a problem, especially if they move too quickly. This means that customers can't actually take in the information.
Also, as this case study from Jakob Nielsen suggests, they also .
Let's say you see a great jacket, or a particularly enticing offer when you load up the homepage, but then it changes. So how do you get back to the image you wanted to see?
A common method is the radio button, as used by John Lewis here. It's so subtle that it's easily missed:
Perhaps John Lewis has recognised this problem, as the new beta site () has added arrows when you hover over the image:
Customers aren't paying attention
Maybe it's just me, but unless I see a particularly compelling image or message, I ignore carousels, as I haven't the patience to wait for them to change.
In fact, it's a Catch 22 situation. If they move too quickly, y if they are slower, then customers become impatient waiting for the next one.
According to Depesh Mandalia, Head of Digital at QualitySolicitors:
The challenge with a landing page, whether a homepage or (sub)category page is getting your key messages across to 100% of your visitors. It's akin to the visual merchandising challenge of a shop-front, with the differentiation being technology. Carousels seem like the best catch-all solution and have a wide adoption throughout however I personally think it is an inefficient use of space with a huge reliance on a consumer 'sticking around' if the first one or two banners do not appeal (assuming you have more than two).
Key messages receive less attention
Carousels do sometimes seem a way to let various stakeholders each have a piece of homepage real estate, but the result is that three or four messages or promotions each recives less attention than they would without the carousel.
There is also, as Jakob Nielsen points out, the problem of banner blindness.
They don't work
There have been a few studies into the effectiveness of carousels, and the results aren't great. Here,
to ditch them.
The post references
into its use of carousels. The five slides combined were only clicked on by 1% of site visitors, with the first slide bagging 84% of those clicks.
Doesn't seem worth it for the amount of homepage real estate devoted to them.
Ecommerce consultant
has run various tests on carousels:
I've set up tracking for quite a few of them. On the couple of occasions where they've gone from 'no carousel' to 'carousel', the carousel got less clicks than the static spot that was there beforehand. Where tracking's been in place, the first slide has always, always got most clicks, even when 'later' slides have more compelling offers/content.
Examples of carousels
House of Fraser
The House of Fraser carousel switches about every five seconds, but since the slides are low on text, customers aren't necessarily missing out on any messaging.
This one moves quite quickly, every three or four seconds. Not much time to take in the code you need to use for the 20% discount.
However, it does offer an alternative to the radio button nvaigation, with arrows either side of the sliders.
Royal Mail
has a carousel, but it comes with plenty of navigation options. The redio buttons, arrows, and a pause button so people can actually read a slide they're interested in.
A unique approach from Topshop, while it has a carousel, it doesn't move. Instead, customers need to use the arrows to move between slides. If they want to, that is.
This certainly avoids the usability issues, and ensures that the main slide will get plenty of attention.
Newegg has a carousel, but it only takes up a small area of the above the fold space. This avoids some of the drawbacks, while numbering the radio buttons gives a clearer indication to customers on how to navigate between slides.
Should ecommerce sites use them?
The evidence against them is convincing, and it's interesting that most of the major US ecommerce sites aren't using carousels, while roughly 50% of the top 20 UK retailers are.
I asked some ecommerce professionals for their views:
Dan Barker:
They're good but, if you use them badly, they're bad. Lots of the criticisms of them are easy to mitigate in a way that retains the benefits. For example, if you can display them differently to different user groups, that can work well. In general, sites make them move too fast.
Lee Duddell, Founder of :
Without doubt, users find auto scrolling carousels annoying (at worse) or simply ignore them (at best). There are three primary reasons for this:
Most users suffer from banner blindness with the image heavy scrolling banners simply being ignored, because, in users' minds they resemble adverts and too much effort is required to digest a "frame" before the next one is automatically presented.
Even when a banner "frame" has grabbed a user's attention, they quickly become frustrated when the content they are interested in moves off the page before they've had a chance to click on it.
Nobody sits back and watches banners rotating in a carousel. Or, to be more precise, real users don't do this. The internal stakeholders who signed off the carousel probably did, but that was their task. Real users want to get on with finding content or products, not leaning back and watching pretty images scroll before them.
Practically all of our clients who have implemented auto-scrolling carousels quickly withdraw them after testing them with users.
The (user) jury is still out when it comes to carousels that don't auto-scroll and allow users to control the movement between "frames" and seems to depend more on the type of content. But, auto-scrolling carousels are real "no-no" for site owners.
Depesh Mandalia:
The challenge with a landing page, whether a homepage or (sub)category page is getting your key messages across to 100% of your visitors.
It's akin to the visual merchandising challenge of a shop-front, with the differentiation being technology. Carousels seem like the best catch-all solution and have a wide adoption throughout, but I
think it is an inefficient use of space with a huge reliance on a consumer 'sticking around' if the first one or two banners do not appeal (assuming you have more than two).
What should replace the carousel?
Plenty of sites have opted not to use the carousel, preferring static merchandising. Depesh Mandalia believes intelligent merchandising is the best approach:
With the use of clever technologies available on the market we can target single banners to segmented users. Certainly a more tailored approach based on interest for known users (previously visited).
For the new customer, test test test! One focused banner message will drive higher CTRs than a few unfocused banners. Serving 100% of your visitors is near-on impossible without knowing something about them yet there seems a self-persuasion with content managers that more choice is good = more clicks = more sales. It doesn't work that way.
What do you think? Are carousels a good thing? Or a waste of valuable space? Please let us know below...
Beamish Steam gallopers image credit:
via Flickr
Published 30 January, 2013 by
is the former Editor-in-Chief at Econsultancy. Follow him on
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ll receive a hand-picked digest of the latest and greatest articles, as well as snippets of new market data, best practice guides and trends research.Fatigue Life Evaluation of Spot Weldments of SPC Sheet Including Strain Rate Effect | Korea Science
REFERENCE LINKING PLATFORM OF KOREA S&T JOURNALS
Fatigue Life Evaluation of Spot Weldments of SPC Sheet Including Strain Rate Effect
&Title & Authors
Fatigue Life Evaluation of Spot Weldments of SPC Sheet Including Strain Rate Effect
Song, Joon-H Nah, Seok-C Yu, Hyo-S Kang, Hee-Y Yang, Sung-Mo;
A methodology is described for predicting the fatigue life of the resistance spot weldment including strain rate effect. Because it is difficult to perform a physical failure test with high strain rate, an analytical method is necessary to get the mechanical properties of various strain rate, To this end, quasi-static tensile-shear tests at several strain rate were performed on spot weldments of SPC. These test provided the empirical data with the strain rate. With these results, we formulated the function of fatigue life prediction using the lethargy coefficient which is the global material property from tensile test. And, we predicted the fatigue life of spot weldment at dynamic strain rate. To confirm this method for fatigue life prediction, analytical results were compared with the experimental fatigue data.
LSQuasi-static tensile-SPC;SF
FATIGUE ANALYSIS FOR A MULTI-LAP SPOT WELDED JOINT OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL USING QUASI STATIC TENSILE-SHEAR TEST,Sin, S.R.;Yang, S.M.;Yu, H.S.;Kim, C.W.;Kang, H.Y.;
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2008. vol.9. 1, pp.81-86
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S. H. Song, Y. J. Yang and J. W. Jeon, 'A Fatigue Behavior for Spot Welded Steel Plate Carbon C by the Variation of the Interval Between Two Spots,' Proceedings of KSME A, Vol.24, No.11, pp., 2000
H. S. Yu, S. I. Lee, I. H. Kwon and B. G. An, 'Fatigue Life Evaluation of Spot Weldment Using DCPDM,' Journal of KWS, Vol.19, No.1, pp.58-64, 2001
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