AP微观经济学基础知识要点（一）
摘要： 今天，环球托福为AP考生们搜集整理了关于AP微观经济学基础知识要点（一），还有AP微观经济学基础知识要点（二），尽请期待环球托福官网。
今天，环球托福为AP考生们搜集整理了关于AP微观经济学基础知识要点，值得借鉴。
Basic Economic Concepts
Economics is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people.
1.& Principles Are Derived At Two Levels:
Macroeconomics: is concerned with the overall performance of the economy. Macro looks at totals or aggregates to examine the &big picture&.
Microeconomics: is concerned with the behavior of individual entities such as markets, firms and households. Micro looks at the &trees not the forest&.
2. Economic Goals:
Positive economics collects and presents facts. It avoids value judgments. Positive economics concerns WHAT IS & what the economy is really like.
Normative economics involves value judgments about what the economy should be like or which policies are best. Normative economics embodies subjective feelings about WHAT OUGHT TO BE & examining the desirability of certain conditions or aspects of the economy.
3. Scarcity:
Scarcity is the situation that exists when they are not enough resources to meet human wants.
Necessity vs. Wants
Wants multiply over time with new products and income/
Human wants tend to be unlimited, but resources are limited
Resources in economy is anything that can be used to produce a good or service. Four types of resources are:
Land & All natural resources
Mineral deposits
Gifts of nature
Labor & Human Resources
Professional
Managerial
Capital & form the durable goods of an economy
Office building
Tools and equipment
Use of technology
Use of available information
Entrepreneurship & a particular type of human resource
Business innovator
Sees opportunity to make profit
Uses unexploited raw materials
Takes risk with new product or process
Brings together land, labor, capital
Resource Payments & note the special terms used
Land - Rent Labor - wages and salaries Capital - Interest Entrepreneurship & Profit
Economists deal with the problem of scarcity. Scarcity requires that people and companies make choices. To get one thing, we often must give up another. The Opportunity Cost is the value of the good or service forgone.
4. Production Possibility Curve:
PPC is an economic model to demonstrate opportunity costs and tradeoffs. It shows the various combinations of goods that a society can have given its current level of resources, technology, and trade. Table:
Pizza (000,000)
Robots (000)
Each point on the curve represents efficiency. The economic resources are being used to produce the maximum amount of goods and services.
Choice is reflected in the need for society to select among the various attainable combinations lying on the curve.
The concave shape of the curve implies the law of increasing opportunity cost, defined as within production switches from one product to another, increasing amounts of resources are needed to increase the production of the second product. The slope of the PPC curves becomes steeper as we move from A to E. The reason lies in the fact that economic resources are not completely adaptable. A straight line would mean constant opportunity cost.
Points inside the curve may signal unemployment or underemployment of labor and other resources.
Economic growth (and a movement outward of the curve) occurs because of discovering new resources, inventing new technology, or engaging in more trade. For example, new discoveries of raw materials (diamonds in Australia, or oil on the North Slope of Alaska), improving the educational level or training of labor (Job Corps or company-sponsored job training), and new technology (robots in factories or the microchip).
Consumer Goods vs. Capital Goods:
Consumer goods directly satisfy out wants, while capital goods satisfy indirectly since they permit more efficient production of consumer goods.
A current choice favoring more consumer goods will result in only a modest movement to the right in the future.
A current choice to produce a greater portion of capital goods with the available resources can result in a greater rightward movement in the future.
以上即是本次环球托福为AP考生准备整理的AP微观经济学基础知识要点（一），未完待续，请参阅。更多精彩文章尽在环球托福！
更多优质服务与精选课程
按校区选择
按班型选择
按时间选择
友情链接：相关热词搜索：
延伸阅读：
频道总排行
频道本月排行关于自学AP课程物理C：有一些基础心理学：平时热爱心理学，常看相关书籍，不知是否有用微观经济学：同心理学一样，平时爱好，未来学习方向Macroeconomics（宏观经济学）：爱好Statistics（统计学）：这个稍微看了看，貌似比较容易理解，同时有一个成绩优异的同学帮忙Calculus AB(微积分AB)：来自一个国际生朋友的推荐Chemistry 化学：来自推荐Environmental Science 环境科学：来自推荐打算从以上几门中选4~5门考，关于考试资格神马的没问题，主要是希望有经验的朋友帮忙估计一下自学要多久，个人认为自学能力还不错（(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……），当然，成绩是要最大限度地好了。平时还要学习国内的普通高中课程，语言方面没问题……打算用1~2年吧……不太喜欢有人突然上来挖苦讽刺什么的，之前就遇到过……悬赏分会不定期一次次增加哦~~增加幅度每次至少10分……不过，如果没有好的分析，我宁愿让它挂着……
Ghost战狼127
物理C、化学、微积分有部分超出中国高中范围。AP知识性还好，但是有很多单词要背，比如化学能级、能层什么的，每科都有不少专业词汇。建议高中不要上了，一心一意搞出国。纯时间的话一门课1个月至2个月吧
就自学来说Calculus B，宏观、微观经济学是不错的选择若是理科生，物理C也应该还好
为您推荐：
扫描下载二维码君，已阅读到文档的结尾了呢~~
2014年AP微观经济学考试综合评析及2015年AP考试展望,ap微观经济学真题,ap微观经济学,ap微观经济学选择题,ap微观经济学知识点,微观经济学考试重点,微观经济学,西方经济学微观部分,微观经济学试题及答案,中级微观经济学
扫扫二维码，随身浏览文档
手机或平板扫扫即可继续访问
2014年AP微观经济学考试综合评析及2015年AP考试展望
举报该文档为侵权文档。
举报该文档含有违规或不良信息。
反馈该文档无法正常浏览。
举报该文档为重复文档。
推荐理由：
将文档分享至：
分享完整地址
文档地址：
粘贴到BBS或博客
flash地址：
支持嵌入FLASH地址的网站使用
html代码：
&embed src='/DocinViewer--144.swf' width='100%' height='600' type=application/x-shockwave-flash ALLOWFULLSCREEN='true' ALLOWSCRIPTACCESS='always'&&/embed&
450px*300px480px*400px650px*490px
支持嵌入HTML代码的网站使用
您的内容已经提交成功
您所提交的内容需要审核后才能发布，请您等待！
3秒自动关闭窗口关于AP宏观经济学与微观经济学的选择问题.明天冬天要去美国读书了,现在闲在家里,想买本AP课程书在家自己看,以为我是想读商科.不知道宏观经济学和微观经济学要买哪一本比较好,之前没有基础,应该先自学哪一本较好.
誓言_椎谧2
基础的书一定是曼昆的经济学原理最经典,建议看英文版!这个没有异议,斯蒂格利茨的有点老了,不够新中级的话可以看范里安的微观和曼昆的宏观,建议英文版商科的话我建议你看看罗斯的公司财务,这本是本科应该会的,你是读什么,本科还是硕士?硕士的话建议看这本加上赫尔的那本期权、期货及其他衍生品货币银行学方面就看看米什金的货币银行就行国际经济学部分推荐克鲁格曼的国际经济学说了这么多,还不知道你读商科读哪个专业呢,本身什么程度呢,读什么呢,都不清楚市场营销等管理方向的话就不用了,基础的经济学和中级经济学就够了,金融的话可以在探讨一下,因为我本身也是搞这个的,所以可以追问
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
扫描下载二维码