From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The domain name .tv is the
(ccTLD) for .
Except for reserved names like com.tv, net.tv, org.tv and others, any person may register second-level domains in TV. The domain name is popular, and thus economically valuable, because it is an
of the word .
Following Tuvalu being allocated two-letter top-level Internet domain suffix, .tv, the Government of Tuvalu worked with the
and established a process to select a management partner for the domain suffix.
On 6 August 1998 a licensing agreement was signed with Information.CA of Toronto under which it agreed to pay an up-front payment of US$50 million for exclusive marketing rights to Tuvalu's domain until 2048, with the country manager/delegee of the Government of Tuvalu for the .tv extension being The .tv Corporation International, which was established in 1998. Subsequent negotiations with Information.CA followed from the delays in payment of US$50 million. Idealab, a Californian company, became involved in 1999 and assumed the $50 million obligation to be paid over 10 years. With the first $1 million payment, Tuvalu was finally able to afford to join the United Nations. Lou Kerner became the first employee of .tv when he joined as CEO in January 2000. .tv grew to over 100 employees, with offices in Los Angeles, London, and Hong Kong, before being acquired in a nine figure transaction in December, 2001.
The .tv Corporation entered into an agreement with VeriSign Inc for the marketing of the domain. In December 2001, The .tv Corporation was sold to VeriSign in a nine figure transaction. As of 31 December 2001, The .tv Corporation International became a subsidiary of VeriSign Inc. Tuvalu sold its equity stake in The .tv Corporation to VeriSign for which it was paid US$10 million. Following the acquisition of the corporation by VeriSign the quarterly payments made to the Government of Tuvalu were reduced to US$550,000 per quarter, which payment arrangement continued for 12 years.
On 14 December 2006, Verisign announced an alliance with , run by former
chairman Richard Rosenblatt to market the .tv top level domain name (TLD) as the preferred Web address for
content. ".TV" premium names cannot be transferred to another registrar. Annual renewal fees for .TV premium names are the same as the initial "buy now" registration fee.
On 16 March 2010,
announced that it teamed up with Verisign to hold an exclusive auction on 1 April for 115 premium .TV domain names that would carry standard non-premium annual renewals regardless of the closing auction price. On 19 March, Verisign announced that premium .TV names would now be available through an expanded .TV registrar channel, slashed prices on premium .TV names, and made a significant number of high sought after premium .TV names non-premium. As a result, Verisign essentially lifted the roadblock that previously discouraged investment in the .TV extension by major domainers, investors, and developers.
In 2012 VeriSign renewed the contract with the Government of Tuvalu to manage the .TV registry through to 2021. In 2014, Amazon acquired Twitch.tv for $1 billion, becoming the first .tv website to achieve
Websites with the .tv domain often feature video content for specific brands or firms. Publications like
run sub-stations of their online publications strictly for original video content. Marketing firms like
in New York have received contracts to create brand-tailored .tv content stations, such as
have given this domain type more visibility, and inspired the creation of independent content stations at the college level across the United States such as
"co.tv" is not a it is a domain (co.tv) owned by a company who offers free subdomain redirection services, like co.nr.
This company offers free co.tv subdomains. Due to the large use by website spammers of subdomains from co.tv in July 2011
removed .co.tv websites from its search results. This had no impact on other .tv websites.
According to Lucian Constantin at Softpedia, "CO.TV is a free domain provider that is obviously being abused by the people behind this campaign. All of the rogue domains used are hosted on the same IP address."
Ogden, M. R. (1999).
(PDF). The Contemporary Pacific. 11 (2): 451–465.
. PR Newswire from Verisign, Inc. 7 January .
Berkens, Michael (25 February 2012). . The Domains 2017.
Conway, James M. (2015).
(PDF). Island Studies Journal. 10 (2): 229–252.
. 6 July 2011.
Constantin, Lucian. .
from the original on 11 July 2012.
from the original on 4 April 2011.
: Hidden categories:选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD
ED-LCD vs. Plasma
Which type of flat-panel HDTV should you buy?
— Jun 06, 2013opics
covered in this article
<img ALT="Samsung UN46EH6000 46" LED-LCD="" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/489/489/products//x-f.jpeg" WIDTH="100%"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
LED-LCD TVs combine LCD display technology with LED backlighting
to create bright, high-contrast images.
Considering a flat-panel TV? The latest
TVs deliver outstanding picture quality, and both
display technologies get a little better every year. Each type has
a different set of strengths that make it more suitable for certain
viewing situations.
In this article, we'll cover the pros and cons of each type, and
explain some of the most common "tech-speak" in terms that will
help you make apples-to-apples comparisons when you're shopping.
You'll learn everything you need to know to figure out which
flat-panel type is right for you. And if you'd like to dig a little
deeper and learn how these skinny panels create such beautiful
images, the second half of the article explains how the two
technologies work.
Why we call 'em "LED-LCD" and not "LED" TVs
Some people mistakenly believe that so-called "LED TVs" use a
new display technology. The term is frequently used by TV
manufacturers and many retailers, but
are just LCD TVs that use an LED backlight instead of a
fluorescent one. LED-LCD TVs generally have better contrast and
more accurate colors than fluorescent-backlit models, and the LEDs
are also very energy efficient.
At this point (6/13), nearly all LCD TVs from major brands use
LED backlights, except for very basic models and TVs designed for
outdoor use. For more information, see our .
LED-LCD vs. plasma
If you poke around the Internet you'll find a ton of information
(and some misinformation) about today's flat-panel TVs. The chart
below provides a quick comparison of plasma and LED LCD.
Consumption
Very Good to Excellent
Good to Very Good
Very Good to Excellent
Good to Excellent
Pros: excellent contr
uniform illumination over the entire screen
area, often priced lower than LED-LCD models
with similar screen size and features
Cons: limited screen sizes: 42"-65"; some
models not as bright as most LED-LCD TVs; not as energy-efficient
as LED-LCDs and typicall a plasma panel is
usually a bit heavier and thicker than an LED-LCD panel
Pros: models with advanced local dimming
backlights can have black le LED-LCD panels
are thin and lightweight — especially models with edge-lit
this is the most energy-efficient display
technology
Cons: picture may look a bit flat and less
"filmlike" when viewed off-axis the picture may lose
some contrast and color
Picture contrast
Picture contrast is the difference between the brightest whites
and the deepest blacks a TV can produce. It's an important
performance spec — many experts consider it to be the
most important. But because TV makers don't all
measure contrast the same way, it can be difficult for shoppers to
make meaningful comparisons between different TV brands. Contrast
ratio specs have become so inflated in recent years that they're
mostly meaningless, so we no longer list them.
<img ALT="Picture contrast" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/978/978/learningcenter/tv/contrast_tvs.jpg" WIDTH="100%"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
The center example illustrates how good picture contrast
combines deep black levels and natural shadow detail. The screen at
left lacks deep blacks, while the right screen is too dark,
obscuring details.
There are two basic ways to increase a TV's picture contrast:
either make whites look brighter, or blacks look blacker. LED-LCD
TVs are typically brighter than plasmas, while plasmas are known
for producing deeper black levels. And for that reason we have
tended to recommend LED-LCD TVs for use in rooms where the TV is
competing with lots of other light sources in the room, like
windows or lamps. Plasma's blacker blacks can be best appreciated
in a room with the lights dimmed or darkened.
The reason plasmas excel at picture contrast is that each pixel
— actually each subpixel — is self-illuminated, allowing very
precise, controlled lighting. On the LED-LCD side,
higher-performing models use sophisticated LED backlighting that
can switch clusters of LEDs on and off based on the picture
content. The general name for this ability is "local dimming."
Originally, local dimming only referred to expensive high-end
models that used a full-array backlight — a grid of LEDs that
covered the back of the screen. Only a couple LED-LCD TVs still
employ that technology, and local dimming is used to describe
edge-lit displays that have a less precise but still effective form
of dimming.
For more info, watch our video that .
Viewing angle
All flat-panel TVs have a great picture when you're sitting
directly in front of the screen. But if your eyes aren't centered
on the screen — you're viewing from off to one side, standing up,
or lying on the floor — you may notice that the picture looks less
bright and vivid, and you might see slight changes in color.
Viewing angle limitations are more of an issue for LED-LCD TVs
than for plasmas. All LCDs use a backlight, and the LCD pixels act
like shutters, opening and closing to let light through or block
it. This shutter effect causes increasing variations in picture
brightness as viewers move further off axis.
Smooth, clear on-screen motion
All 1080p HDTVs have the same screen resolution — 1920 x 1080
pixels — but they don't always deliver equal picture clarity. Most
sets can display flawless still images, but moving objects on
screen are more difficult to display cleanly. This can be
especially apparent if you watch lots of things with fast action,
like video games or sports.
<img ALT="Smooth, clear on-screen motion" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/489/489/learningcenter/tv/MotionBlur_TVS.jpg" WIDTH="100%"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
Some TVs display onscreen motion clearly (left), while others
may look blurry (right).
What you should know about motion handling:
Motion handling has always been a strong point for plasma
TVs. Because of , there's no lag or
ghosting, and motion looks very natural and crisp. So if clear,
true-to-life on-screen motion is a high priority for you, you
should definitely consider a plasma.
For LED-LCD TVs, motion handling has been more of
a challenge because of . But many of today's LCD TVs
are better equipped to display fast motion without blur. If you
want smoother motion with an LCD, look for a model with a 120Hz or
240Hz refresh rate. These sets include sophisticated processing
that can virtually eliminate motion blur.
What type of TV do I need for 3D?
To watch 3D TV, you'll need
video — it can be a plasma or
LED-LCD. You'll also need compatible 3D glasses, either "active" or
"passive" to match the type of 3D TV you have. For the most
theater-like 3D experience, you'll need a source of 3D video, like
a 3D Blu-ray player or 3D channels from your cable or satellite TV
provider. But if you don't have a source of 3D content, you can
still get a taste of 3D because nearly all current 3D TVs include
built-in 2D-to-3D conversion. The feature adds a bit of 3D-like
depth to regular 2D material. For more info, see our ,
, or check out our in-depth .
How long do flat-panel TVs last?
TV makers don't mention longevity much anymore, but the last
time we checked, both plasma and LED-LCD TVs from major brands have
a rated lifespan of 100,000 hours. And that doesn't mean that if
your TV reaches the 100,000-hour mark it will simply stop working.
That number represents the estimated time when the TV's display
panel will produce a picture that's only half as bright as when it
was new. After the "half brightness" point the TV will still be
usable, just somewhat dimmer.
But logging 100,000 hours of use takes a long time. If
you were to watch for 6 hours a day, every day, it would take over
45 years! There are other parts in a TV other than the illumination
component that could fail over time, but over the years the TV
manufacturing process has grown more precise and consistent. The
bottom line is that a new LCD or plasma TV should last at least as
long as a typical tube TV.
Which flat-panel TV type is right for you?
<img ALT="Samsung PN64F5500" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/489/489/products//h-F.jpg" WIDTH="100%"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
Plasma's deep black levels, smooth motion, and vibrant colors
produce picture quality than many people describe as
"movie-like."
A plasma TV might be for you if:
You like rich, warm colors and deep black levels.
You do most of your viewing with low or modest room
You or others will be sitting off-axis when watching TV or
You want the smoothest, most natural motion with fast on-screen
action, like sports or video games.
<img ALT="LG 47LA6900" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/489/489/products//h-F.jpg" WIDTH="100%"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
Some LED-LCD models have an ultra-thin bezel which gives the
screen an attractive virtually edgeless look.
An LED-LCD TV might be for you if:
You want an ultra-thin TV — LCD TVs, especially LED-backlit
models, tend to be thinner than plasmas.
You do a lot of daytime viewing in a room with windows lacking
blinds, curtains or drapes. An LED-LCD's bright picture will still
look crisp and colo some LCD screens also
resist glare.
Low power consumption is a priority — LCD TVs are more energy
efficient than plasma models with the same screen size.
If you're interested in how plasma and LCD displays work, below
we'll explain each one in detail.
How an LCD TV works
An LCD TV is sometimes referred to as a "transmissive" display.
Light isn't created by the liquid instead, a
light source behind the LCD panel shines through the
display. A diffusion panel behind the LCD redirects and scatters
the light evenly to ensure a uniform image.
The display consists of two polarizing transparent panels and a
liquid crystal solution sandwiched in between. The screen's front
layer of glass is etched on the inside surface in a grid pattern to
form a template for the layer of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals
are rod-shaped molecules that twist when an electric current is
applied to them. Each crystal acts like a shutter, either allowing
light to pass through or blocking the light. The pattern of
transparent and dark crystals forms the image.
<img ALT="Diagram of an active-matrix LCD panel" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/489/489/ca/learningcenter/tv_lcd_cutaway.jpg" WIDTH="100%"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
The multi-layered structure of a typical LCD panel. Because they
use red, green and blue color filters in place of phosphor dots,
LCD TVs are completely immune to screen burn-in.
LCD TVs use the most advanced type of LCD, known as an
"active-matrix" LCD. This design is based on thin film transistors
(TFT) — basically, tiny switching transistors and capacitors that
are arranged in a matrix on a glass substrate. Their job is to
rapidly switch the LCD's pixels on and off. In an HDTV's LCD, each
color pixel is created by three sub-pixels with red, green and blue
color filters.
An important difference between plasma and LCD technology is
that an LCD screen doesn't have a coating of phosphor dots (colors
are created through the use of filters). That means you'll never
have to worry about screen burn-in, which is great news, especially
for anyone planning to connect a PC or video game system.
How a plasma TV works
A plasma TV is sometimes called an "emissive" display — the
panel is actually self-lighting. The display consists of two
transparent glass panels with a thin layer of pixels sandwiched in
between. Each pixel is composed of three gas-filled cells or
sub-pixels (one each for red, green and blue). A grid of tiny
electrodes applies an electric current to the individual cells,
causing the gas (a mix of neon and xenon) in the cells to ionize.
This ionized gas (plasma) emits high-frequency UV rays, which
stimulate the cells' phosphors, causing them to glow the desired
<img ALT="Diagram of a plasma cell" src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://a248.e.akamai.net//ImageHandler/scale/323/323/graphics/infolib/homelib/PlasmaCell.jpg" WIDTH="100%" NAME="image_operate_54210"
TITLE="选择TV，等离子Plasma&还是液晶LED&LCD" />
Each individual plasma cell is switched on and off by its own
electrode. A plasma HDTV can have up to 6 million cells.
Because a plasma panel is illuminated at the sub-pixel level,
light output is very consistent across the entire screen area.
Plasmas produce the widest horizontal and vertical viewing angles
available — pictures look crisp and bright from virtually anywhere
in the room.
Because plasma TV screens use a phosphor coating like CRT-based
TVs, the possibility of screen burn-in exists, though it's unlikely
to happen with current models. To reduce the chance of burn-in, be
sure to follow the manufacturer's recommendations on setup and
Screen size: How big is big enough?
We recommend sitting anywhere from 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 times the
screen diagonal.
Viewing distance range
4.0-6.7 feet
4.6-7.7 feet
5.0-8.3 feet
5.7-9.5 feet
6.3-10.4 feet
6.9-11.5 feet
7.5-12.5 feet
8.1-13.5 feet
8.75-14.6 feet
9.4-15.6 feet
10.0-16.7 feet
10.5-17.5 feet
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