Seafood | BBC Good Food
0(0 ratings)Nduja is a spicy, spreadable pork sausage from Italy. It works really well here with either hake or cod, creating a colourful and flavoursome dish that's great for entertaining...
0(0 ratings)Try this paella with a difference, using fideo or vermicelli pasta instead of rice, with prawns, mussels, squid, monkfish and a sprinkling of saffron
3.75(1 rating)
Pep up your barbecue with these wonderfully meaty molluscs, bubbling in a smoky spiced garlic butter. Use large green-shelled mussels instead, if you like
0(0 ratings)A warming seafood broth that's easy to make and low fat, great for a simple but special meal when you're short on time...
5(1 rating)
A seafood twist on a family favourite that's packed with sustainable shellfish. Serve with a lemony rocket salad...
0(0 ratings)A brilliantly healthy pasta dish that's low calorie and rich in iron too, using budget-friendly cockles instead of clams...
0(0 ratings)Similar to an American po' boy, these battered mussel morsels aren't your average sub filling. Great as a party snack or an alternative fish supper...
Real fast food: a delicious and warming seafood one-pot, that takes just 15 minutes to make
Fancy a fish supper ready in under half an hour? Mix up your midweek meal with our satisfyingly spicy chorizo and cod stew
A one-pot fish stew with shellfish and all the fresh flavours of the Mediterranean - serve with plenty of bread for dipping
4.833335(27
A chunky, creamy soup with salmon and smoked haddock, mixed shellfish and potatoes - a hearty meal
4.666665(12
John Torode's Mexican-inspired one-pot casserole is packed with shellfish, white fish and plenty of chilli
Treat someone special to this elegant meal for two, with gently poached oysters and other delicious seafood
4.569445(36
This is a brilliant speedy supper for two. Pick up the ingredients on your way home
Mussels are full of omega-3, iron and protein - try yours cooked in red pesto and wine
4.57143(14
This classic retro starter packed with juicy prawns will never go out of fashion
4.57927(41
Stirring can be strangely soothing, as you'll find when preparing this summery seafood risotto
4.555555(18
Found in every ocean, squid is the most widely available seafood in the world and one of the cheapest. This works well on the barbecue, too
For a simple, smart starter, just mix mayo with garlic, herbs and a squeeze of lime and serve with seafood and brown bread
4.583335(3
A healthy and super quick smart supper
4.73684(38
A flavoursome Chinese-style dish, ready in 15 mins
Serve with Thai jasmine rice for a flavour-packed low-fat meal
3.642855(7
No need to cook your fish, potatoes and greens separately - they all go into these easy crunchy wedges
4.48611(36
Whip up a delicious tuna and lemon pasta in less than 25 minutes
A bistro-style starter for two. Mop up the juices with crusty bread, or make it into a main with chunky chips
Want a simple seafood supper? Our quick and impressive pasta recipe for two requires minimal... Exclusive Good Food offers
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读一篇英语文章Except for the special location of Qingdao,It is a paradise which loves delicious food.When talking about seafood snacks,I bet that you can find any snack you want.Qingdao is famous in China for its delicious fresh seafood.The Laoshan Scenic Area has an important position in sightseeing because of its beautiful scenery,natural pearls and exquisite crafts.Qingdao beer (Tsingtao beer),a popular beer brand in the world,is produced in Qingdao,allowing tourists to easily get the freshest Qingdao Beer in Qingdao.Food and drink are good here.Most importantly the native people are very friendly and hospitable.I think once coming here,you will never want to leave.By the way,I think there are lots of interesting things waiting for you to explorer.Thank you for your attention.
希若枷锁°TA99
您要翻译吗?除了地理位置特殊,青岛还是一个美食天堂.当谈到海鲜零食,我敢打赌你能找到你想要的任何小吃.青岛以清淡,新鲜的海鲜为特色.崂山绿石在观光上具有重要的地位,因为它风景美丽,有天然珍珠和精湛的工艺.青岛产的青岛啤酒,是一种很常见的啤酒生产品牌.让全世界的游客品在青岛尝到正宗新鲜的青岛啤酒.这里有良好的食物和水.最重要的是当地的人民都非常友好和好客.我想一旦来到这里,你将永远不会想要离开了.顺便说一下,我想这里有很多有趣的东西等待你来探险.谢谢您的关注.因为不知道难度要多大,所以发了几篇不同难度的.高中篇目：Adolescence
青春期First listen and then answer the following question.听录音,然后回答以下问题.What do adolescents respect in parents?
Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.
Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning au in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.
DOTID OFLUM Journey Through AdolescenceNew words and expressions 生词和短语
adolescencen.
adolescentn.
disloyaltyn.
青少年（12-18岁）
spitefuladj. 恶意的,怀恨的
disillusionmentn.
evaluationn.
infallibilityn.
sincerityn.
victorianadj. 维多利亚式的
unreasoningadj. 不凭理智的
authoritarianadj. 专制的
当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时,总感到不安,认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具,而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼.他们甚至责备孩子不忠,或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话.家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊,决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人.不要很久,家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶,什么事也不告诉他们,殊不知这是他们自找的.
不管家长的人品有多么好,作为父母有多么合格,孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的.除非父母自身不能令人满意,大多数孩子对父母估价过高,以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验.如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确,意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响,那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的.如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备,并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判断力,那么他们就不会那样伤心,也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应,而把孩子推到自己的对立面去.
青少年酷爱真诚,对于能够承认错误或无知、甚至承认自己做得不分平或不公正的父母,他们总是尊敬的,孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了,孩子们也看出来了,可是做父母的还不肯承认.
维多利亚时代的父母认为,他们可靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严,实际上那是根本不行的.孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了.虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端,但总地来看,孩子和家长双方态度都比较端正.遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的,尽管会有暂时的痛苦.其它：1.The World's Greatest Swordsman At an exhibition of the world's best swordsman, the third-place fencer took the stage. A fly was released, and with an arc of his sword he cut the fly in half. The crowd cheered. Then the second-place man sliced a fly into quarters. A hush fell in anticipation of the world's greatest swordsman. His blade came down in a mighty arc - but the insect continued on its way! The crowd was aghast. The greatest swordsman had missed his target completely, yet he continued to smile. "Why are you so happy?" someone yelled. "You missed!" "Ah," replied the swordsman, "you weren't watching very carefully. They fly lives, yes - but he will never be a father." 世界上最伟大的击剑手 在一场世界最佳击剑手表演中,排名第三的击剑手上场了.一只苍蝇放了出来,剑划了一个弧,他将苍蝇劈成了两半.观众欢呼起来.紧接着排名第二的人将一只苍蝇切成了四半.现场一阵沉默,人们期盼着世界上最伟大的击剑手出场. 他的剑锋以一个巨大的弧线划了下来－－然而那只昆虫还在继续飞行!观众被惊呆了.最伟大的击剑手完全错过了他的目标,然而他还在微笑着. “你为什么这么高兴?”有人嚷道,“你没击中!” “啊,”剑手答道,“你刚才没有很仔细地看.苍蝇还活着,是的－－但他永远也做不成爸爸了.” ————————————————————————————————————————— 2.A Mistake An American, a Scot and a Canadian were killed in a car accident. They arrived at the gates of heaven, where a flustered St. Peter explained that there had been a mistake. "Give me $500 each," he said, "and I'll return you to earth as if the whole thing never happened." "Done!" said the American. Instantly, he found himself standing unhurt near the scene. "Where are the others?" asked a medic. "Last I knew," said the American, "the Scot was haggling price, and the Canadian was arguing that his government should pay." 搞错了 一位美国人,一位英格兰人和一位加拿大人在一场车祸中丧生.他们到达天堂的门口.在那里,醉醺醺的圣彼德解释说是搞错了.“每人给我五百美元,”他说,“我将把你们送回人间,就象什么都没有发生过一样.” “成交!”美国人说.立刻,他发现自己毫不损伤地站在现场附近. 其他人在哪儿?”一名医生问道. “我离开之前,”那名美国人说,“我看见英格兰人正在砍价,而那名加拿大人正在分辩说应该由他的政府来出这笔钱.” ———————————————————————————————————————— 3.Pig or Witch A man is driving up a steep, narrow mountain road. A woman is driving down the same road. As they pass each other, the woman leans out of the window and yells "PIG!" The man immediately leans out of his window and replies, "WITCH(女巫)!" They each continue on their way, and as the man rounds the next corner, he crashes into a pig in the middle of the road. If only men would listen. 猪还是女巫 一个男人在一条陡峭狭窄的山路上驾车,一个女人相向驾车而来.他们相遇时,那个女的从窗中伸出头来叫到：“猪!”那个男的立即从窗中伸出头来回敬道：“女巫!”他们继续前行.这个男的在下一个路口转弯时,撞上了路中间的一头猪.要是这个男的能听懂那个女人的意思就好了. ————————————————————————————————————————— 4.Response Ability An Ogden, Iowa, minister was matching coins with a member of his congregation for a cup of coffee. When asked if that didn't constitute gambling, the minister replied, "It's merely a scientific method of determining just who is going to commit an act of charity." Philosopher Bertrand Russell, asked if he was willing to die for his beliers, replied: "Of course not. After all, I may be wrong." A newspaper organized a contest for the best answer to the question: "If a fire broke out in the Louvre, and if you could only save one painting, which one would you carry out?" The winning reply was: "The one nearest the exit." 答问技巧 衣阿华州奥格根的一位牧师正在与一位教友为一杯咖啡而猜硬币.别人问他那是否构成赌博行为时,牧师答道：“这仅仅是决定由谁来做一件善事的一种科学方法.” 当我人问哲学家罗素是否愿意为了他的信仰而献身时,他答道：“当然不会.毕竟,我可能会是错的.” 一份报纸组织了一场竞赛,为下面的问题征集最佳答案：“如果卢浮宫起了火,而你只能救出一幅画,你将救出哪一幅?” 获奖的答案是：“最接近门口的那一幅.” ———————————————————————————————————————— 5.Jonesie The Great Lion Hunter A small village was troubled by a man-eating lion. So its leaders sent a message to the great hunter, Jonesie, to come and kill the beast. For several nights the hunter lay in wait for the lion, but it never appeared. Finally, he told the village chief to kill a cow and give him its hide. Draping the skin over his shoulders, he went to the pasture to wait for the lion. In the middle of the night, the villagers woke to the sound of blood-curdling shrieks coming from the pasture. As they carefully approached, they saw the hunter on the ground, groaning in pain. There was no sign of the lion. "What happened, Jonesie? Where is the lion?" asked the chief. "Forget the damn lion!" he howled. "Which one of you idiots let the bull loose?" 伟大的猎手Jonesie 有个小村庄正为一只吃人的狮子而烦恼.于是,村长派人去请伟大的猎手Jonesie来杀死这只野兽. 猎手躺着等了几个晚上,但狮子一直没有出现.最后,他要求村长杀只羊然后把头皮给他.把羊皮披在身上后,猎人到草原上去等狮子. 半夜,村民被从草原传来的声嘶力竭的尖叫声惊醒.他们小心地靠近后,看到猎手正躺在草地上痛苦地呻吟.没有狮子出没的蛛丝马迹. Jonesie,怎么了?狮子在哪?”村长问. “哪有狮子!”猎人怒吼道,“哪个傻瓜把公牛放出来了?” ———————————————————————————————————————— Weather Predict A film crew was on location deep in the desert. One day an old Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow rain." The next day it rained. A week later, the Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow storm." The next day there was a hailstorm. "This Indian is incredible," said the director. He told his secretary to hire the Indian to predict the weather. However, after several successful predictions, the old Indian didn't show up for two weeks. Finally the director sent for him. "I have to shoot a big scene tomorrow," said the director, "and I'm depending on you. What will the weather be like?" The Indian shrugged his shoulders. "Don't know," he said. "Radio is broken." 天气预报 一个电影摄制组在沙漠深处工作.一天,一个印度老人到导演跟前告诉导演说"明天下雨."第二天果然下雨了. 一周后,印度人又来告诉导演说,"明天有风暴."果然,第二天下了雹暴. "印度人真神,"导演说.他告诉秘书雇佣该印度人来预报天气. 几次预报都很成功.然后,接下来的两周,印度人不见了. 最后,导演派人去把他叫来了."我明天必须拍一个很大的场景,"导演说,"这得靠你了.明天天气如何啊?" 印度人耸了耸肩."我不知道,"印度人说,"收音机坏了." ————————————————————————
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几道英语题.麻烦了 连词成句1.are,important,the,they,food,us,for,most2.have,we,four,food,kinds,of,day,every3.sea,eating,does,food,like,mike,the?4.dp,tea,coffee,which,you,prefer,or?5.more,than,delicious,pizza,think,i,hamburgers,is6.are,to,at,Jimmy"s,we,going,have,lunch,today
1.are,important,the,they,food,us,for,mostThey are the most important food for us.2.have,we,four,food,kinds,of,day,everyWe have four kinds of food every day.3.sea,eating,does,food,like,mike,the?Does Mike like eating the sea food?4.dp,tea,coffee,which,you,prefer,or?Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?5.more,than,delicious,pizza,think,i,hamburgers,isI think pizza is more delicious than hamburgers.6.are,to,at,Jimmy"s,we,going,have,lunch,todayWe are going to have lunch at Jimmy's today.
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1 They are the most important food for us2 We have four kinds of food every day3
Does Mike like eating the sea food
think pizza is more delicious than hamburgers6
We are going to have lunch at Jimmy's today
food r the most improtant for us we have four kinds of food every day does eating the seafood like mike\?which do u prefer coffee or tea?i think pizza is more delicious than
hamburgersr we going to have lunch at Jimmy's today
1.Most of the food are important for us.(题目有问题）2.We have four kinds of food every day.3.Does Mike like eating the seafood?4.Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?5.I think pizza is more delicious than hamburgers.6.We are going to have lunch at Jimmy's today.
12We have four kinds of food every day.3Does mike like eating the sea food?4Which dp you prefer,coffe or tea?5I think pizza is more delicious than hanburgers.6We are going to have lunch at Jimmy's today.
1.They are the most important food for us.2.We have four kinds of food every day.3.Does mike like eating the sea food?4.Which do you prefer?Tea or coffee?5.I think pizza is more delicious than hamburgers.6.We are going to have lunch at Jimmy's today.
1. They are
the most important food for us.2.We have four kinds of food every day.3.Does mike like eating the sea food?4.Which dp you prefer tea or coffee?5.I think hamburgers is more delicious than pizza.6.We are going to
have lunch at
Jimmy"s today
扫描下载二维码From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the UK band, see . For the Chinese film, see . For the eating of fish alone, see .
Seafood includes any form of food taken from the sea
Seafood is any form of
regarded as
by humans. Seafood prominently includes
and . Shellfish include various species of , , and . Historically,
such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. Edible sea plants, such as some
and , are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ). In , although not generally in the , the term "seafood" is extended to
organisms eaten by humans, so all edible
may be referred to as seafood. For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.
The harvesting of
is usually known as
or , and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as , or
in the case of fish. Seafood is often distinguished from , although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet. Seafood is an important source of
around the world, especially in coastal areas.
Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as
to farm other fish or rear farm animals. Some seafoods () are used as food for other plants (). In these ways, seafoods are indirectly used to produce further food for human consumption. Products, such as
are also extracted from seafoods. Some seafood is feed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets, such as cats, and a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for non-food purposes (leather).
Various foods depicted in an Egyptian burial chamber, including fish, c. 1400 BC
Main article:
The harvesting, processing, and consuming of seafoods are ancient practices with archaeological evidence dating back well into the . Findings in a sea cave at
(modern humans) harvested marine life as early as 165,000 years ago, while the , an extinct human species contemporary with early Homo sapiens, appear to have been eating seafood at sites along the Mediterranean coast beginning around the same time. Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of , a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.
features such as , discarded fish bones and
show that sea foods were important for survival and consumed in significant quantities. During this period, most people lived a
lifestyle and were, of necessity, constantly on the move. However, where there are early examples of permanent settlements (though not necessarily permanently occupied) such as those at , they are almost always associated with fishing as a major source of food.
The ancien fresh and dried fish were a staple food for much of the population. The
had implements and methods for fishing and these are illustrated in
scenes, drawings, and
documents. Some representations hint at fishing being pursued as a pastime.
World fisheries harvest, both wild and farmed, in million tonnes,
World fisheries harvest, wild capture versus aquaculture production, in million tonnes
Fishing scenes are rarely represented in
culture, a reflection of the low social status of fishing. However, , a Greek author wrote a major treatise on sea fishing, the Halieulica or Halieutika, composed between 177 and 180. This is the earliest such work to have survived to the modern day. The consumption of fish varied in accordance with the wealth and location of the household. In the Greek islands and on the coast, fresh fish and seafood (, , and ) were common. They were eaten locally but more often transported inland.
were regular fare for the citizens of Athens. They were sometimes sold fresh, but more frequently salted. A stele of the late 3rd century BCE from the small Boeotian city of Akraiphia, on , provides us with a list of fish prices. The cheapest was skaren (probably ) whereas
was three times as expensive. Common salt water fish were , , ,
or , a delicacy which was eaten salted. Lake Copais itself was famous in all Greece for its , celebrated by the hero of . Other fresh water fish were ,
and the less appreciated .
Pictorial evidence of
fishing comes from . At a certain time the
was considered the epitome of luxury, above all because its scales exhibit a bright red color when it dies out of water. For this reason these fish were occasionally allowed to die slowly at the table. There even was a recipe where this would take place in garo, in the . At the beginning of the Imperial era, however, this custom suddenly came to an end, which is why mullus in the feast of
(see the ) could be shown as a characteristic of the , who bores his guests with an unfashionable display of dying fish.
times, seafood was less prestigious than other animal meats, and often seen as merely an alternative to meat on fast days. Still, seafood was the mainstay of many coastal populations.
made from herring caught in the
could be found in markets as far away as . While large quantities of fish were eaten fresh, a large proportion was salted, dried, and, to a lesser extent, smoked. , cod that was split down the middle, fixed to a pole and dried, was very common, though preparation could be time-consuming, and meant beating the dried fish with a mallet before soaking it in water. A wide range of
including ,
were eaten by coastal and river-dwelling populations, and freshwater
were seen as a desirable alternative to meat during fish days. Compared to meat, fish was much more expensive for inland populations, especially in Central Europe, and therefore not an option for most.
Modern knowledge of the reproductive cycles of aquatic species has led to the development of
and improved techniques of
and . Better understanding of the
of eating raw and undercooked fish and shellfish has led to improved preservation methods and processing.
The following table is based on the ISSCAAP classification (International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants) used by the
for the purposes of collecting and compiling fishery statistics. The production figures have been extracted from the FAO FishStat database, and include both capture from wild fisheries and aquaculture production.
Description
;production
000 tonnes
are aquatic
which lack
with , use
to breathe, and have heads protected by hard
skulls. See: .
Total for fish:  
live and feed near the surface or in the
of the sea, but not on the bottom of the sea. The main seafood groups can be divided into larger
(, , , , , ) and smaller
(, , , , ). The smaller forage fish feed on plankton, and can accumulate toxins to a degree. The larger predator fish feed on the forage fish, and accumulate toxins to a much higher degree than the forage fish.
live and feed on or near the bottom of the sea. Some seafood groups are , ,
and . Demersal fish feed mainly on crustaceans they find on the sea floor, and are more sedentary than the pelagic fish. Pelagic fish usually have the red flesh characteristic of the powerful swimming muscles they need, while demersal fish usually have white flesh.
are fishes which migrate between the sea and fresh water. Some seafood groups are , ,
and . See: .
live in rivers, lakes and ponds. Some seafood groups are , ,
and . Generally, freshwater fish lend themselves to
more readily than the ocean fish, and the larger part of the tonnage reported here refers to farmed fish.
(from the Latin molluscus, meaning soft ) are
with soft bodies that are not segmented like crustaceans.
are protected by a
which grows as the mollusc grows.
are not protected by a shell.
Total for molluscs:  
, sometimes referred to as , have a protective shell in two hinged parts. A
is the name used for the protective shell of a bivalve, so bivalve literally means two shells. Important seafood bivalves include , ,
and . Most of these are
which bury themselves in sediment on the
where they are safe from . Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces. Some, such as scallops, can . Bivalves have long been a part of the diet of coastal communities. Oysters were
in ponds by the Romans and
has more recently become an important source of bivalves for food.
Aquatic , also known as , are univalves which means they have a protective shell that is . Gastropod literally means stomach-foot, because they appear to crawl on their stomachs. Common seafood groups are , , ,
Cephalopods are not protected with a shell. Cephalopod literally means head-foots, because they have limbs which appear to issue from their head. They have excellent vision and high intelligence. Cephalopods propel themselves with a water jet and lay down "smoke screens" with . Examples are ,
and . They are eaten in many cultures. Depending on the species, the arms and sometimes other body parts are prepared in various ways. Octopus must be boiled properly to rid it of slime, smell, and residual ink. Squid are popular in Japan. In Mediterranean countries and in Britain squid are often referred to as . Cuttlefish is less eaten than squid, though it is popular in Italy and
is a snack food in East Asia. See:
Molluscs not included above
(from Latin crusta, meaning crust ) are invertebrates with segmented bodies protected by hard crusts (shells or ), usually made of
and structured somewhat like a . The shells do not grow, and must periodically be shed or . Usually two legs or limbs issue from each segment. Most commercial crustaceans are , that is they have ten legs, and have
set on . Their shell turns pink or red when cooked.
Total for crustaceans:  
, are small, slender, stalk-eyed ten-legged crustaceans with long spiny . They are widespread, and can be found near the seafloor of most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. They play important roles in the . There are numerous species, and usually there is a species adapted to any particular habitat. Any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one. See: , , , .
Crabs are stalk-eyed ten-legged crustaceans, usually walk sideways, and have grasping
as their front pair of limbs. They have small , short , and a short
that is wide and flat. See: .
are stalk-eyed ten-legged crustaceans with long abdomens. The clawed lobster has large asymmetrical claws for its front pair of limbs, one for crushing and one for cutting (pictured). The spiny lobster lacks the large claws, but has a long, spiny antennae and a spiny carapace. Lobsters are larger than most shrimp or crabs. See: .
are like baby shrimps, except they have external
and more than ten legs ( plus feeding and grooming legs). They are found in oceans around the world where they
in huge pelagic . Like shrimp, they are an important part of the marine food chain, converting
into a form larger animals can consume. Each year, larger animal eat half the estimated biomass of krill (about 600 million tonnes). Humans consume krill in Japan and Russia, but most of the krill harvest is used to make
and for extracting oil. Krill oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, similarly to . See: .
Crustaceans not included above
other aquatic animals
Total for other aquatic animals:  
Sea mammals form a diverse group of 128 species that rely on the ocean for their existence. Whale meat is still harvested from legal, non-commercial hunts. About one thousand
are still killed annually. Japan has resumed hunting for whales, which they call "research whaling". In modern Japan, two cuts of whale meat are usually distinguished: the belly meat and the more valued tail or fluke meat. Fluke meat can sell for $200 per kilogram, three times the price of belly meat.
are particularly desired because they are thought to yield the best quality fluke meat. In
in Japan and the ,
are traditionally considered food, and are killed in
are still an important food source for the people of
and are also hunted and eaten in Alaska. The meat of sea mammals can be high in mercury, and may pose health dangers to humans when consumed. The FAO record only the reported numbers of aquatic mammals harvested, and not the tonnage. In 2010, they reported 2500 whales, 12,000 dolphins and 182,000 seals. See: , , .
have long been valued as food in many parts of the world. Fifth century BC Chinese texts describe sea turtles as exotic delicacies. Sea turtles are caught worldwide, although in many countries it is illegal to hunt most species. Many coastal communities around the world depend on sea turtles as a source of protein, often gathering sea turtle eggs, and keeping captured sea turtles alive on their backs until needed for consumption. Most species of sea turtle are now endangered, and some are . The FAO reports 1,418,975
were harvested in 2010, but they do not record the tonnage.
are headless invertebrates, found on the
in all oceans and at all depths. They are not found in fresh water. They usually have a five-pointed radial symmetry, and move, breathe and perceive with their retractable . They are covered with a calcareous and spiky
or skin. The name echinoderm comes from the Greek ekhinos meaning hedgehog, and dermatos meaning skin. Echinoderms used for seafood include , , and occasionally . Wild sea cucumbers are caught by divers and in China they are farmed commercially in artificial ponds. The
of both male and female sea urchins, usually called sea urchin
or corals, are delicacies in many parts of the world. See: .
are soft and gelatinous, with a body shaped like an umbrella or bell which pulsates for locomotion. They have long, trailing tentacles with stings for capturing prey. They are found free-swimming in the
in all oceans, and are occasionally found in freshwater. Jellyfish must be dried within hours to prevent spoiling. In Japan they are regarded as a delicacy. Traditional processing methods are carried out by a jellyfish master. This involve a 20 to 40 day multi-phase procedure which starts with removing the gonads and . The umbrella and oral arms are then treated with a mixture of
and , and compressed. Processing reduces liquefaction, odor, the growth of spoilage organisms, and makes the jellyfish drier and more acidic, producing a crisp and crunchy texture. Only
jellyfish belonging to the order
ar about 12 of the approximately 85 species. Most of the harvest takes place in southeast Asia.
Aquatic animals not included above, such as
(pictured), ,
Total for aquatic plants and microphytes:  
Seaweed is a loose colloquial term which lacks a formal definition. Broadly, the term is applied to the larger,
forms of , as opposed to . Examples of seaweed groups are the multicellular ,
and . Edible seaweeds usually contain high amounts of fibre and, in contrast to terrestrial plants, contain a . Seaweeds are used extensively as food in coastal cuisines around the world. Seaweed has been a part of diets in , , and
since prehistoric times. Seaweed is also consumed in many traditional European societies, in
and western , the Atlantic coast of , northern and western ,
and some coastal parts of South West England, as well as Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. See: , , , .
are microscopic organisms, and can be algal, bacterial or fungal.
are another type of aquatic plant, and includes species that can be consumed by humans and animals. Some species of aquatic bacteria can also be used as seafood, such as
(pictured), a type of . See: .
Total production (thousand tonnes)  
Deep-fried
for sale as food on a stick, Beijing
Fish at an
Seafood in , France
Fish for sale in a market in Hong Kong
(a ) for sale in a market, South Korea
Seafood tanks in a
restaurant
Fish is a highly
product. The fishy smell of dead fish is due to the breakdown of
are often transported in tanks at high expense for an
that prefers its seafood killed immediately before it is cooked. This process originally was started by Lindeye. Delivery of live fish without water is also being explored. While some seafood
keep live fish in
for display purposes or for cultural beliefs, the majority of live fish are kept for dining customers. The live food fish trade in , for example, is estimated to have driven imports of live food fish to more than 15,000
in 2000. Worldwide sales that year were estimated at US$400 million, according to the World Resources Institute.
has not been adhered to correctly, food products generally decay and become harmful before the
printed on the package. As the potential harm for a consumer when eating rotten fish is much larger than for example with dairy products, the
(FDA) has introduced regulation in the USA requiring the use of a
on certain fresh chilled seafood products.
Fresh fish is a highly perishable food product, so it must be eaten p it can be kept for only a short time. In many countries, fresh fish are
and displayed for sale on a bed of
or . Fresh fish is most commonly found near bodies of water, but the advent of refrigerated
has made fresh fish more widely available inland.
of fish is accomplished in a variety of ways. The oldest and still most widely used techniques are
(complete drying) is commonly used to preserve fish such as . Partial drying and salting is popular for the preservation of fish like
and . Fish such as , , and
are cooked and . Most fish are filleted prior to canning, but some small fish (e.g. ) are only
and gutted prior to canning.
Seafood is consume it provides the world's prime source of high-quality : 14–16% of the animal protei over one billion people rely on seafood as their primary source of animal protein. Fish is among the most common .
are the greatest consumers of seafood per capita in the world.
recommends that at least two portions of seafood should be consumed each week, one of which should be oil-rich. There are over 100 different types of seafood available around the coast of the UK.
Oil-rich fish such as
are rich in long chain
oils. These oils are found in every cell of the human body, and are required for human biological functions such as brain functionality.
Whitefish such as haddock and cod are very low in fat and calories which, combined with oily fish rich in
such as , , fresh ,
and , can help to protect against , as well as helping to develop strong bones and teeth.
are particularly rich in , which is essential for healthy skin and muscles as well as fertility.
reputedly ate 50
Over 32,000 fish
of many more marine invertebrate species have been described. However, only a small number of species are commonly eaten by humans.
Common species used as seafood
Mild flavour
Moderate flavour
Full flavour
, , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
Research over the past few decades has shown that the nutrients and minerals in seafood can make improvements in brain development and reproduction and has highlighted the role for seafood in the functions of the human body.
Doctors have known of strong links between fish and healthy hearts ever since they noticed that fish-eating Inuit populations in the Arctic had low levels of . One study has suggested that adding one portion of fish a week to your diet can cut your chances of suffering a heart attack by half.[] Fish is thought to protect the heart because eating less
and more omega-3 can help to lower the amount of cholesterol and
in the blood – two fats that, in excess, increase the risk of heart disease. Omega-3 fats also have natural built-in anti-oxidants, which are thought to stop the thickening and damaging of artery walls. Regularly eating fish oils is also thought to reduce the risk of
– irregular electrical activity in the heart which increases the risk of sudden heart attacks.
10–12% of the human brain is composed of , including the omega-3 fat . Recent studies suggest that older people can boost their brain power by eating more oily fish, what with regular consumers being able to remember better and think faster than those who don't consume at all. Other research has also suggested that adding more DHA to the diet of children with
can reduce their behavioural problems and improve their reading skills, while there have also been links suggested between DHA and better concentration. Separate studies have suggested that older people who eat fish at least once a week could also have a lower chance of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Including fish as a regular part of a balanced diet has been shown to help the symptoms of
– a painful condition that causes joints to swell up, reducing strength and mobility. Studies also show that sufferers feel less stiff and sore in the morning if they keep their fish oil intake topped up. Recent research has also found a link between omega-3 fats and a slowing down in the wearing of cartilage that leads to osteoarthritis, opening the door for more research into whether eating more fish could help prevent the disease.
Fish is high in minerals such as ,
and , which keep the body running smoothly. Iodine is essential for the thyroid gland, which controls growth and metabolism, while selenium is used to make enzymes that protect cell walls from cancer-causing free radicals, and helps prevent DNA damage caused by radiation and some chemicals. Fish is also a source of , which is needed for healthy skin and eyes, and vitamin D, which is needed to help the body absorb calcium to strengthen teeth and bones.
have a natural tendency to concentrate
in their bodies, often in the form of , a highly toxic organic compound of mercury. Species of fish that are high on the , such as , , , , and
contain higher concentrations of mercury than others. This is because mercury is stored in the muscle tissues of fish, and when a predatory fish eats another fish, it assumes the entire body burden of mercury in the consumed fish. Since fish are less efficient at depurating than accumulating methylmercury, fish-tissue concentrations increase over time. Thus species that are high on the
amass body burdens of mercury that can be ten times higher than the species they consume. This process is called . The first occurrence of widespread
in humans occurred this way in , , now called .
are among the more common . A common misconception is a cross-reactivity between seafood and iodinated
Main article:
A 2013 study by
found that one third of seafood sampled from the United States was incorrectly labelled.
were particularly susceptible to mislabelling, and seafood substitution was the most common type of fraud. These practices can harm both the consumers' wallet and pose health risks. Another type of mislabelling is short-weighting, where practices such as overglazing or soaking can misleadingly increase the apparent weight of the fish. The detection of water retention agents helps identify the fraud and its origin.[]
See also: , , and
Research into population trends of various species of seafood is pointing to a global collapse of seafood species by 2048. Such a collapse would occur due to pollution and overfishing, threatening oceanic ecosystems, according to some researchers.
A major international scientific study released in November 2006 in the journal
found that about one-third of all fishing stocks worldwide have collapsed (with a collapse being defined as a decline to less than 10% of their maximum observed abundance), and that if current trends continue all fish stocks worldwide will collapse within fifty years. In July 2009,
of , the author of the November 2006 study in , co-authored an update on the state of the world's fisheries with one of the original study's critics,
at Seattle. The new study found that through good fisheries management techniques even depleted fish stocks can be revived and made commercially viable again.
State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 report estimates that in 2003, of the main fish stocks or groups of resources for which assessment information is available, "approximately one-quarter were , depleted or recovering from depletion (16%, 7% and 1% respectively) and needed rebuilding."
The , a trade advocacy group representing the United States seafood industry, disagree. They claim that currently observed declines in fish population are due to natural fluctuations and that enhanced technologies will eventually alleviate whatever impact humanity is having on oceanic life.
For the most part
allow the eating of seafood, though the
forbid eels, the
forbid frogs and crocodiles, and the
such as shellfish and . The
forbid the eating of shellfish and eels. In the Old Testament, the
allowed the Israelites to eat , but shellfish and eels were
and not allowed. In ancient and medieval times, the
forbade the practice of eating meat, eggs and dairy products during .
argued that these "afford greater pleasure as food [than fish], and greater nourishment to the human body, so that from their consumption there results a greater surplus available for seminal matter, which when abundant becomes a great incentive to lust." In the United States, the Catholic practice of
on Fridays during
has popularized the Friday , and parishes often sponsor a
during Lent. In predominantly Roman Catholic areas, restaurants may adjust their menus during Lent by adding seafood items to the menu.
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