Super virus hits 6 million computers in China
Super virus hits 6 million computers in China
&&&&BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- Computer experts have warned that a "super" virus has attacked more than 6 million personal computers and almost 1,000 corporate computers in China.&&&&The Stuxnet cyberworm can break into computers and steal private information, especially from industrial firms, sending it back to a server in the United States, said Wang Zhantao, an engineer at the Beijing-based Rising International Software Co. Ltd., a leading antivirus service producer in China.&&&&The super virus made use of a bug in Siemens auto-control systems used in industrial manufacturing to skip the security check, Wang said.&&&&The virus can copy itself and spread via U-disk in the network of a company and government.&&&&"Hackers may take control of a company's machinery run under computers infected by Stuxnet, and give dangerous orders causing serious damage," he said.&&&&The company has developed software to kill the virus, which can be downloaded for free from the company's official website, he added.&&&&China had 420 million Internet users as of June, according to statistics from China Internet Network Information Center.
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s computers become all the more popular in China,
Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese
characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting
the exact strokes(笔画) of each Chinese character when writing on
paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.
&& Do you write by hand more or type more?
In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And
computer dependence is more widespread among university students. Almost all
their assignments and essays are typed on a computer.
&& All the students interviewed say they
usually use a computer.
&& It’s faster and easier to correct if
using a computer. And that’s why computers are being applied more and more
often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers
increasingly, problems appear.
&& “When I’m writing with a pen, I find I
often can’t remember how to write a character, though I feel I’m familiar with
&& “I’m not in the mood to write when faced
with a pen and paper.”
&& Many students don’t feel this is
something to worry about. Now that it’s more convenient and efficient to write
on a computer, why bother to handwrite?
&& Many educators think differently. Shi
Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, “Chinese
characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic (审美的)
value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their
practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And
handwriting contains the writer’s emotion. Through one’s handwriting, people
can get to know one’s thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give
people a better first impression of them.”
&& To encourage students to handwrite more,
many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory(必修的) and in universities, some professors are asking
students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.
1.Which of the following can best serve as the title
of the passage?
A. The Importance of Handwriting and Typing.
B. To type or to Handwrite.
C. Writing by Computer will Replace Writing by Hand.
D. Practical and Aesthetic Value of Chinese
Characters.
2.The students interviewed prefer to write using a
computer because ________.
A. they are usually asked to e-mail their homework and
B. they can correct the mistakes they make quickly and
conveniently.
C. they found it not easy to remember how to write a
character.
D. computers have become a trend and fashion in China.
3.Which of the following statements in NOT the
advantage of handwriting?
A. Handwriting contains the writer’s emotion.
B. The writer’s thinking and personality are shown in
his or her handwriting.
C. Handwriting can impress people well and build one’s
self-confidence.
D. Chinese characters enjoy both practical and
aesthetic value.
4.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that
_________.
A. more and more students will give up writing on a
B. writing by hand will give way to typing by computer
C. more and more students will pay attention to
handwriting.
D. the typing article better expresses one’s emotion
and quality.
5.What is the author’s attitude toward typing on a
A. supportive&& B. proud&& C.
objective&& D. Disapproval
试题分析：
随着电脑在中国的普及，中国人正在逐渐地依赖电脑键盘来输入汉字。但是如果过多使用电脑，人们就会忘记汉字的笔画。专家建议人们，尤其是学生，多用手写字。
1.根据第一段可知，文章主要讲的是电脑的普及对手写汉字带来的威胁，长期使用电脑，有忘记汉字笔画的危险。根据第二段“Do you write by hand more or type more?”可知，在生活中，应该用电脑打字，还是手写呢？故选B。
2.根据第四段“It’s faster and
easier to correct if using a computer.”可知，使用电脑能快速、容易发现并改正错误，故选B。
3.根据倒数第二段““Chinese
characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic (审美的)
value...handwriting contains the writer’s emotion...to know one’s thinking and
personality...Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of
them.””可知，A、B、D正确，故选C。
4.根据最后一段“To encourage
students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing
classes compulsory(必修的) and in universities, some professors are
asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.”可知，许多小学把书法定为必修课，许多大学也开始要求手写作业和文章。由此可见，越来越多的学生会注意手写，故选C。
5.根据“It’s faster and easier
to correct if using a computer...Chinese characters enjoy both practical and
aesthetic (审美的) value.”可知，作者既谈到了电脑输入的好处，也说到了手写的好处，作者的态度是客观的。故选C。
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Compare <option value="DA:08 PM EST10:31 AM EST08:46 AM EST07:10 AM EST04:35 AM EST03:41 AM EST03:35 AM EST03:34 AM EST and <option value="DA:08 PM EST10:31 AM EST08:46 AM EST07:10 AM EST04:35 AM EST03:41 AM EST03:35 AM EST03:34 AM EST
WASHINGTON & A customer in Shenzhen, China, took a new laptop out of its box and booted it up for the first time. But as the screen lit up, the computer began taking on a life of its own. The machine, triggered by a virus hidden in its hard drive, began searching across the Internet for another computer.
The laptop, supposedly in pristine, super-fast, direct-from-the-factory condition, had instantly become part of an illegal, global network capable of attacking websites, looting bank accounts and stealing personal data.
For years, online investigators have warned consumers about the dangers of opening or downloading emailed files from unknown or suspicious sources. Now, they say malicious software and computer code could be lurking on computers before the bubble wrap even comes off.
The shopper in this case was part of a team of Microsoft researchers in China investigating the sale of counterfeit software. They received a sudden introduction to malware called Nitol. The incident was revealed in court documents unsealed Thursday in a federal court in Virginia. The records describe a new front in a legal campaign against cybercrime being waged by the maker of the Windows operating system, which is the biggest target for viruses.
The documents are part of a computer fraud lawsuit filed by Microsoft against a web domain registered to a Chinese businessman named Peng Yong. The company says the domain is a major hub for illicit Internet activity, home base for Nitol and more than 500 other types of malware, which makes it the largest single repository of infected software that Microsoft officials have encountered.
Peng, the owner of an Internet services firm, said he was not aware of the Microsoft suit. He denied the allegations and said his company does not tolerate improper conduct on the domain, 3322.org. Three other unidentified individuals accused by Microsoft of establishing and operating the Nitol network are also named in the suit.
What emerges most vividly from the court records and interviews with Microsoft officials is a disturbing picture of how vulnerable Internet users have become, in part because of weaknesses in computer supply chains. To increase their profit margins, less reputable computer manufacturers and retailers may use counterfeit copies of popular software products to build machines more cheaply. Plugging the holes is nearly impossible, especially in less regulated markets such as China, and that leaves openings for cybercriminals.
"They're really changing the ways they try to attack you," said Richard Boscovich, a former federal prosecutor and a senior attorney in Microsoft's digital crimes unit.
Distance doesn't equal safety. Nitol, for example, is an aggressive virus found on computers in China, the United States, Russia, Australia and Germany. Microsoft has even identified servers in the Cayman Islands controlling Nitol-infected machines. All these compromised computers become part of a botnet, or collection of c it's one of the most invasive and persistent forms of cybercrime.
Nitol appears poised to strike. Infection rates have peaked, according to Patrick Stratton, a senior manager in Microsoft's digital crimes unit who filed a document in the court case explaining Nitol and its connection to the 3322.org domain.
For Microsoft, pursuing cybercriminals is a smart business. Its Windows operating system runs most of the computers connected to the Internet. Victims of malware are likely to believe their problems stem from Windows instead of a virus they are unaware of, and that damages the company's brand and reputation.
But more than Microsoft's image is stake when counterfeit products are tainted by malware that spreads so rapidly, Boscovich said. "It's more than simply a traditional intellectual property issue," Boscovich said. "It's now become a security issue."
The investigation by Microsoft's digital crimes unit began in August 2011 as a study into the sale and distribution of counterfeit versions of Windows. Microsoft employees in China bought 20 new computers from retailers and took them back to a home with an Internet connection.
They found forged versions of Windows on all the machines and malware already installed on four. The one with Nitol, however, was the most alarming because the malware was active.
"As soon as we powered on this particular computer, of its own accord without any instruction from us, it began reaching out across the Internet, attempting to contact a computer unfamiliar to us," Stratton said in the document filed with the court.
The laptop was made by Hedy, a computer manufacturer in Guangzhou, China, according to the court records. The company, reached by phone, declined to answer questions.
Stratton and his colleagues also found Nitol to be highly contagious. They inserted a thumb drive into the computer and the virus immediately copied itself onto it. When the drive was inserted into a separate machine, Nitol quickly copied itself on to it.
Microsoft examined thousands of samples of Nitol, which has several variants, and all of them connected to command-and-control servers associated with the 3322.org domain, according to the court records.
"In short, 3322.org is a major hub of illegal Internet activity, used by criminals every minute of every day to pump malware and instructions to the computers of innocent people worldwide," Microsoft said in its lawsuit.
Peng, the registered owner of 3322.org, said he has "zero tolerance" for the misuse of domain names and works with Chinese law enforcement whenever there are complaints. Still, he said, his huge customer base makes policing difficult.
"Our policy unequivocally opposes the use of any of our domain names for malicious purposes," Peng said in a private chat via Sina Weibo, a service like Twitter that's very popular in China. "We currently have 2.85 million domain names and cannot exclude that individual users might be using domain names for malicious purposes."
Peng is the founder and chief executive of Bitcomm, a company he and his wife own. They founded an earlier company, which started 3322.org in 2001. Bitcomm took over the domain in 2007.
Past warnings by other online security firms have been ignored by Peng, according to Boscovich. 3322.org accounted for more than 17 percent of the world's malicious web transactions in 2009, according to Zscaler, a computer security firm in San Jose, Calif. In 2008, Russian security company Kaspersky Lab reported that 40 percent of all malware programs, at one point or another, connected to 3322.org.
U.S. District Judge Gerald Bruce Lee, who is presiding in the case, granted a request from Microsoft to begin steering Internet traffic from 3322.org that has been infected by Nitol and other malwares to a special site called a sinkhole. From there, Microsoft can alert affected computer users to update their anti-virus protection and remove Nitol from their machines.
Since Lee issued the order, more than 37 million malware connections have been blocked from 3322.org, according to Microsoft.
Associated Press researcher Fu Ting in Shanghai contributed to this report.
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Unused e-waste discarded in China raises questions
By Katia Moskvitch
Technology reporter, BBC News
A box of Hewlett Packard branded hard disk drives marked as out of warranty and the product of Singapore, were among items spotted
Electronic waste can be highly toxic and needs to be disposed of safely. Adam Minter,
, says he found boxes of defective but unused electronic components discarded at Guiyu - still in the original packaging from HP, Panasonic and Samsung.
But Samsung Electronics denies any involvement in discarding the equipment, and says the components were manufactured many years ago.HP and Panasonic did not comment on the specifics of the case.Mr Minter himself says that most of the e-waste dumped in China does not come from the West as before,
but from Asia and especially China itself.
The writer has highlighted the e-waste issue many times before, not only on his blog, but writing for publications like Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal and Scientific American.The town of Guiyu, made up of four small villages on the South China Sea coast, first made headlines in the early 2000s, as one of the places where old computers and gadgets from the western world were getting recycled.A steady stream of used electronics started to arrive from about 1995 and made Guiyu one of the world's largest electronic waste sites.It also gave birth to a new industry in the area - e-waste recycling.
Mr Minter sent barcodes scanned off boxes of Samsung branded semi-conductors to the firm
And this is what they have been doing ever since - sifting through old gadgets and stripping components that could be re-used and re-sold, burning wires to get copper, using acid baths to extract gold from microchips.All these operations and the toxic fumes they produce have dangerous effects on the land, and most of all, on people.The soil in Guiyu has been found to be so saturated with heavy metals such as lead, chromium and tin that groundwater has become undrinkable.According to China's Shantou University, the town has the highest level of cancer-causing dioxins in the world, and local children suffer from an extremely high rate of lead poisoning.And now, says Mr Minter, it is not only old computers that are being thrown away there. The disposal of new and unused electronics is aggravating the problem even further.The writer took photos of the boxes he had found. Many of the packages had "out of warranty" labels on them. Mr Minter contacted the companies mentioned on the labels, although he concedes that the unused electronic components may not have come from the manufacturers directly, but through an e-waste trader."Of course it may be that they were dumped by some local company and HP and Samsung didn't know it was happening, but the fact that they've declined to answer my questions is weird in itself," says Mr Minter, who is writing a book about the problem of electronic waste around the globe.When approached by the BBC, Panasonic did not comment.Samsung Electronics denied any involvement.The firm said that it was a member of the e-Stewards Electronics Stewardship campaign of the Basel Action Network, a US-based charitable organisation that works to stop the export of toxic waste to the developing world. Members promise to deal only with recyclers who process the material properly.
Mr Minter says he discovered the materials during a visit to a warehouse in Guiyu, China
"Based on our internal investigation, we confirmed that the boxes were not discarded by Samsung Electronics or by one of Samsung's recycling partners," the company said in a statement to the BBC."Furthermore, the semiconductor components contained in the boxes were manufactured in 2004 and had been shipped to a customer overseas."In the case of components - unlike finished products - all rights and ownership are transferred to the customer after a sales transaction has been completed."The electronics giant stressed that it was committed to enforcing strict global standards for proper e-waste management to "protect the environment, people, and developing countries from the hazards of electronic waste", and had established recycling programmes all over the world to comply with global recycling laws, "regardless of legal requirements, to continue to minimise electronic waste".HP did not comment on the specifics of the case, but a spokesman said the company was committed to meeting the highest e-waste management standards.Although very recently the west was the main source of e-waste in Asia - it is estimated that people in the United States, for instance, throw away more than 350,000 mobile phones and 130,000 computers every single day - Mr Minter says that tables were now turning.
A computer monitor was found with a hand-written service tag labelled "Panasonic Avionics Corporation"
"Half of the e-waste currently being processed in China is generated in China," he says."American and European e-wastes, meanwhile, are a declining percentage of the overall level of waste being processed in the area, while South East Asian e-waste - specifically from Thailand and Malaysia - is becoming the fastest growing contributor."He said that he spoke to several Chinese e-waste traders in Guiyu, who told him that half of all e-waste being processed there is domestically-generated."This comports with my walks through the area, seeing waste being processed there," he says.He adds that many traders and processors in Guiyu complain about this, as US and EU e-waste is usually of much higher quality - newer - than Chinese, and thus easier to break down and re-sell into China's vast re-use market."T they can't get it. The laws and regulations of the US and EU are really starting to bite down," he says."As for South East Asia - it's been a developed region for 10 years, and thus it's starting to throw off first and second generation e-waste."There's no capacity to process, generally, in South East Asia, and with China as an easy destination, it'll go in fine."
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