英语:动词之后的介词后面的动词形式用什么形式?举例:

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中考英语语法:短语动词和句型
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中考语法:短语动词和句型的考点【考点直击】1. 短语动词的辨析;2. 英语句子的基本句型结构;3. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。【名师点睛】&&& 短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。1. 短语动词的分类(1)动词+介词常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Don’t laugh at others.Tom asked his parents for a bike.(2)动词+副词常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please don’t forget to hand it in.(3)动词+副词+介词常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4)动词+名词+介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5)动词+形容词常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6)动词+名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.2. 短语动词的辨析(1)be made in(在……生产或制造),be made of(由……组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访),come in(进来),come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快), come up with(找到;提出)(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业),do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在…..后面),fall off(从……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)(5)get down(下来;落下),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与……相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃),give…a hand(给与……帮助),give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去),go on(继续),go home(回家),go to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事),go shopping(买东西),go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(进行体育活动), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(过得愉快), have a headache(头痛),have a try(尝&&&& 试;努力)(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔细检查),look up(向上看;抬头看),look after(照顾; 照看),look at(看; 观看),look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打电话),make money(赚钱),make the bed(整理床铺),make a noise(吵闹),make a faces(做鬼脸),make one’s way to(往……走去),make room for(给……腾出地方),make a decision(做出决定),make a mistake(犯错误),make up one’s mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(挂起;举起),put down(把某物放下来),put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花费时间),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(积极参加),take care of(照顾;照料;注意),take exercise(做运动),take one’s place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话;交谈),talk with(和……交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn off(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn down(关小;调低),turn…over(把…..翻过来)(15)think of(认为;想起),think about(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。&& (1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:My mother is a doctor.Her voice sounds nice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:He runs fast.We study hard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:Children often sing this song.He studies English.1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如:She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last night.2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to lend some money.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, forget等。例如:Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发了这封信。I remember posting the letter.我记得那封信寄过了。&&&&&& Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如:I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer.(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:My father bought me a new bike.He gave me an apple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。例如:Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.&&& 2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如:Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:We keep our classroom clean and tidy.I hear someone singing in the next room.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:We call him Jack.Don’t get your hands dirty.&&& 2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如:I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into the room.4. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了;该干…的时间了”之意。& It's time to go home.& It's time for school.注意:to的后面接动词短语,而for的后面接名词。2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害(有益)的”含义。& Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health.& Please take more exercise. It's good for your health.3. be late for (school) 是“上学(迟到)”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。& He was late for school this morning.& Don't be late for class, please.4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。& You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside.& We had better stop to have a rest.&&&&& 注意:用had better时,后面一定要直接跟动词原形,决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前,是动词不定式的否定式。5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”,“害怕…”之意。& He is afraid of snakes.Mary feels afraid of going out alone.6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢(爱好)做某事”之意,doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。& Are you enjoy living in   Beijing  ?& Do you enjoy listening to music?7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事& stop to do sth. 停下来做某事& It's time for class. Stop talking, please.& When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me.8. Let (make) sb. do 让(使)某人做某事。& Let's go to school.& Father made his son clean the room again.&&&& 注意:当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时,第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如:& His son was made to clean the room again.& he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past.9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。& like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事;like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如:& I like to swim in the swimming pool.&&& 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢的具体的地方游泳)& I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳(只讲喜欢这项运动)10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请(让)某人(不)做某事&& Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons.&& When did you tell him not to shout loudly?11. give (lend) sb. sth. = give (lend) sth. to sb. 给(借给)某人某物& Mike gave me a new pair of stockings.& Please lend us your car. 12. be busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”之意。& The students are busy getting ready for the exams.& Is Mrs Black busy washing clothes?13. too ... to ... 表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。& She is too young to go to school.& The old man was too tired to walk farther.14. not……until …… 是“直……才……”之意。& My daughter didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.& We won't have time to rest until the summer holiday comes.15. so ……that 是“如此……以致……”的意思。& Peter is so clever that all the teachers like him very much.& The song is so wonderful that everyone likes to listen to it.16. neither ……nor ……是“既不……也不……”之意。& Mr. Smith is neither a worker nor a soldier. He is a scientist.& Neither you nor I am free.&&&&&& 17. enough to do sth. 是“足以去做某事”之意。&& She is old enough to go to school.&& Peter was tall enough to reach the apple.19. prefer……to ……是“比起来,还是……好,”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意。& I prefer English to maths = I like English better than maths& He prefers playing football to playing basketball.20. not ……at all ……是“根本不……”之意。& I don't know Mr. King at all.& David doesn't like singing at all.21.keep sb. doing sth. 是“使某人继续做某事”之意。& Mr. Wang didn't come to school on time. She kept me waiting for two hours.& Don't keep your mother doing everything for you You should do it by yourself.22. keep sth. + adj. 是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。& Please keep our classroom clean and tidy.& That wool sweater kept her body warm enough.23. see sb. doing sth.& 表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。& When my brother passed the post office, he saw a little boy crying at the door.& Did you see a car coming here ?24. see sb. do sth. 是“看见某人做了某事”之意。& That girl saw an old woman fall down on the road yesterday.& Have you seen the leaves drop into the river ?25. hear sb. doing sth.& 是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。& Listen ! Can you hear someone singing on the hill?& We heard him talking with Mr. Li loudly just now.26. hear sb. do sth. 表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。& He was often heard to sing in his room in the past.& Why didn't you hear me come into the sitting rom ?27. be used for doing sth. 是“被用来做某事”的意思。& Knives are used for cutting things.& Teapot is used for keeping tea warm.28. It's three metres long / high/ wide. 它是 三米 长(高、宽)形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是It / 主语+ be +数词+米/公里+形容词。His father is one and seventy metres tall.That river is fifty metres wide.29. What's wrong with ......? / What's the problem with ......?/ What's the trouble with ......?/ What's the matter?表示“出了什么毛病?”“…哪儿不舒服?”“怎么啦?”的含义。What's wrong with your car?What's wrong with you, little girl?What's the matter with your watch?30. Would you like (to do) ......? 是“你想要…吗?”的意思。like后面可以接名词,词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。Would you like some fish?& Would you like to go to the cinema with me?31. Will you please do sth? 是“你想要做……吗?”Will you please say it more slowly?& Will you please not open the window? I feel cold.32. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时,一般过去式和一般将来时态。It will take us two hours to go over all the words and expressions.& It took Mr. Wang half an hour to clean the bedroom.33. I'd like sb. to do sth. 是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。I'd like my friend to help me with my lessons.& He'd like Jim to teach him how to use the computer.34. There's sth. wrong with ......是“某物/人出了问题”,“某物/人有了毛病”之意。There is something wrong the TV set. = Something is wrong with the TV set.There must be something wrong with the car. It doesn't move.35. I don't think that + clause 是“我想…不会…”“我认为…不…”之意。I don't think that any of the questions is difficult.We don't think he will have time tomorrow.36. What about ......? 表示征求意见,询问消息,是“…好不好?”“…怎么样?”之意。What about some tea?What about your mother? Is she all right?37. Why not do ...? 是表示建议,“为什么不……?”之意。Why not have a rest? You have already worked for four hours.& Why not come to play games with us? =Why don't you come to play games with us?38. What do you mean by ......? 是“请问…是什么意思?”之意。What do you mean by "scientist", please?What do you mean by "manager", please?&&&&& 可以说What is the meaning of "manager"?或What does the "manager" mean?39. You like singing very much. So do  I.  你非常喜欢唱歌。我也非常喜欢。& So do  I.  = I like singing very much, too.& So在句型"so + be (have,助动词或情态动词)+主语中"有“也”,“同样”的意思,表示前面所说的情况,也适合于另一个人(或物)。He saw the accident, and so did I.She can ride a horse, and so can  I. 40. It's easy for him to learn English well. 学好英语对他来说很容易。& It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 是“对某人来说做某事怎么样”之意。It是代词作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式(或短语),为避免句子头重脚轻而将主语放在了后面。It is dangerous for children to play in the street.It was easy for her to tidy her room just now.
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(2)(3)(1)(11)(9)(13)(8)(2)(9)(21)(41)(37)(37)(19)(20)(15)(17)(22)(19)(8)(4)(6)(2)
在表示空间位置时,in表示在某个空间的范围以内,on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。
例如:There&is&a&bird&in&the&tree.&树上有只鸟。
There&is&a&picture&on&the&wall.&墙上有张图。
2.&this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those时that的复数形式。
例如:You&look&in&this&box&and&I&ll&look&in&that&one
over&there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。
I&want&this&car,&not&that&car.&我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。
Take&these&books&to&his&room,&please.&请把这些书拿到他房间去。
This&is&&that&s&yours.&这个是我的,那个是你的。
These&are&&those&are&oranges.&这些是苹果,那些是橘子。
(2)在打电话的用语中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是对方。例如:
This&is&Mary&speaking.&Who&s&that?&我是玛丽。你是谁?
3.&There&be/&have
There&be&"有",其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是:There&be&+&某人或某物&+&表示地点或时间的状语。
There&be&后面的名词实际上是主语,be&动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:
(1)&There&is&a&big&bottle&of&coke&on&the&table.&桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2)&There&is&a&doll&in&the&box.&那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3)&There&are&many&apples&on&the&tree.&那树上有许多苹果。
总之,There&be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb.&have&/&has&sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:
(4)&I&have&two&brothers&and&one&sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。
(5)&That&house&has&four&rooms.那所房子有四个房间。
4.&look/&see/&watch
(1)look&表示&看、瞧&,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:
Look!&The&children&are&playing&computer&games.&瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look!&What&s&that&over&there?&看!那边那个是什么?
单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at,才能带宾语,如:
He&s&looking&at&me。他正在看着我。
(2)see强调&看&的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是&看到&,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:
What&can&you&see&in&the&picture?&你能在图上看到什么?
Look&at&the&blackboard.&What&did&you&see&on&it?看黑板!你看到了什么?
(3)watch&观看,注视&,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于&看电视、看足球、看演出&等。如:
Yesterday&we&watched&a&football&match&on&TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
5.&house/&home/family
house&:&房子&,指居住的建筑物;&Home:&&家&,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;&Family:&&家庭&,&家庭成员&。例如:Please&come&to&my&house&this&afternoon.&今天下午请到我家来。
He&is&not&at&home.&他不在家。My&family&all&get&up&early.&我们全家都起得很早。
6.&fine,&nice,&good,&well
四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于:
(1)&fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细",形容人时表示的是"身体健康",也&可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如:Your&parents&are
very&fine.&你父母身体很健康。
That's&a&fine&machine.那是一台很好的机器It's&a&fine&day
for&a&walk&today.今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。
例如:Lucy&looks&nice.&露西看上去很漂亮。These&coats&are&very&nice.&那些裙子很好看。
Nice&to&meet&you.&见到你很高兴。It's&very&nice&of&you.&你真好。
(3)good形容人时指"品德好",形容物时指"质量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:Her&son&is&a&good&student.&她儿子是一个好学生。
The&red&car&is&very&good.&那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好",但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:I'm&very&well,
thanks.&我身体很好,谢谢。
My&friends&sing&well.&我的朋友们歌唱得好。
7.&That's&right./&That&s&all&right./&All&right.
That&s&right意为&对的&,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:"I&think&we&must&help&the
old&man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。"
"That's&right."或&"You're&right.""说得对"。
That&s&all&right.意为&不用谢&、&没关系&,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:
"Many&thanks."&"That's&all&right."&"Sorry.&It's
broken."&"That's&all&right."
All&right.意为&行了&、&可以&,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示&身体很好&
"Please&tell&me&about&it."&"请把此事告诉我。"&"All&right.""好吧。"
Is&your&mother&all&right?你妈身体好吗?
8.&make/do
这两个词都可以解释为&做&,但含义却不同,不能混用。make指做东西或制东西,do指做一件具体的事。Can&you&make&a&paper
boat&for&me?&你能为我做个纸船吗?
He&s&doing&his&homework&now.他正在做他的作业。
9.&say/speak/talk/tell
say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为&说出&、&说道&,着重所说的话。如:
&I&want&to&go&there&by&bus&&,&he&said&.
他说,&我要坐汽车到那里去。
&Please&say&it&in&English&.请用英语说。
speak&:&&说话&,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词&(即后面不能直接接宾语&)&。如:Can&you&speak
about&him?&你能不能说说他的情况?I&don&t&like&to&speak
like&this.&我不喜欢这样说话。
speak&作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。
如:She&speaks&English&well.她英语说得好。
talk&:&与&speak&意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,&不过,talk&暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:I
would&like&to&talk&to&him&about&it&.&我想跟他谈那件事。
Oldwomen&like&to&talk&with&children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。
tell&:&&告诉&,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:He&s&telling&me&a&story.他在给我讲故事。
tell&a&lie&撒谎&tell&sb.&to&do&sth.&/tell&sb.&not&to&do&sth&如:.Miss&Zhao&often&tells&us&to&study&hard.
10.&do&cooking/&do&the&cooking
do&cooking&作&做饭&解,属泛指。
do&the&cooking&特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。
cooking为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用&some,&much修饰。从do&some&cooking可引出许多类似的短语:do&some&washing&洗些衣服do&some&shopping&买些东西do&some&reading&读书
do&some&writing&写些东西do&some&fishing&钓鱼
从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用some,&much或定冠词。
go&shopping&去买东西go&fishing&去钓鱼go&boating&去划船go&swimming&去游泳
11.&like&doing&sth./&like&to&do&sth.
like&doing&sth.&与like&to&do&sth.&意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:
He&likes&playing&football,&but&he&doesn&t&like&to&play&football&with&Li&Ming.他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和李明踢。
12.&other/&others/&the&other/&another
other表其余的,别的,如:Have&you&any&other&questions?你还有其他问题吗?
others&别的人,别的东西.如:In&the&room&some&people&are
American,&the&others&are&French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。
the&other表另一个(二者之中)one&,the&other&如:One&of&my&two&brothers&studies&English,&the&other&studies
Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。
another表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:There&is&room&for
another&few&books&on&the&shelf.书架上还可以放点书。
13.&in&the&tree/&on&the&tree
in&the&tree&与&on&the&tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in&the&tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用
on&the&tree.如:There&are&some&apples&on&the&tree.&那棵树上有些苹果。There&is&a&bird&in&the&tree.&那棵树上有只鸟。
14.&some/&any
some和&any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。
(1)some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There&is&some&water&in&the&glass.Is&there&any&water&in
the&glass?There&isn't&any&water&in&the&glass.
(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some。如:Would&you&like&some&tea?
15.&tall/&high
(1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用high,例如&a&tall&woman&一个高个子妇女a&tall&horse&一个高大的马
(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如:&He&is&high&up
in&the&tree.&他高高地爬在树上。&The&plane&is&so&high&in
the&sky.&飞机在空中这么高。
(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。
(4)high可作副词,tall不能。
(5)tall的反义词为short,&high的反义词为low.
16.&can/&could
(1)&can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力"。例如:
Can&you&ride&a&bike?你会骑自行车吗?What&can&I&do&for&you?要帮忙吗?Can&you&make&a&cake?你会做蛋糕吗?
(2)&can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如:
Where&can&he&be?他会在什么地方呢?Can&the&news&be&true?这个消息会是真的吗?
It&surely&can't&be&six&o'clock&already?不可能已经六点钟了吧?
You&can't&be&hungry&so&soon,Tom,you've&just&had&lunch.汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。
What&can&he&mean?他会是什么意思?
在日常会话中,can可代替may表示"允许",may比较正式。例如:
You&can&come&in&any&time.你随时都可以来。
---&Can&I&use&your&pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?---&Of&course,you&can.当然可以。
You&can&have&my&seat,I'm&going&now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
could&是&can的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如:
The&doctor&said&he&could&help&him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。
Lily&could&swim&when&she&was&four&years&old.(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。
At&that&time&we&thought&the&story&could&be&true.(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。
could可代替can表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:
Could&I&speak&to&John,please?我能和约翰说话吗?
Could&you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:Could&you&wait&half&an&hour?请你等半个小时好吗?Could&you&please&ring
again&at&six?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?
(4)&can的形式
只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be&able&to加动词不定式来表示。
例如:They&have&not&been&able&to&come&to&Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。
17.&look&for/&find
look&for&意为&寻找&,而find意为&找到,发现&,前者强调&找&这一动作,并不注重&找&的结果,而后者则强调&找&的结果。例如:She&can&t&find&her&ruler.&她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom&is&looking&for&his&watch,but&he&can&t&find&it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。
18.&be&sleeping/&be&asleep
be&sleeping&表示动作,意思是&正在睡觉&;be&asleep&表示状态,意思是&睡着了&。
如:---What&are&the&children&doing&in&the&room?&孩子们在房间里做什么?---They&are&sleeping.他们正在睡觉。
The&children&are&asleep&now.现在孩子们睡着了。
19.&often/&usually/sometimes
often&表示"经常",sometimes表示"有时候",在表示发生频率上
often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则放在句首。
We&usually&play&basketball&after&school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes&I&go&to&bed&early.有时,我睡觉很早。
He&often&reads&English&in&the&morning.他经常在早晨读英语。
20.&How&much/&How&many
how&much常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How&much&is&/&are&?
How&much&is&the&skirt?&这条裙子多少钱?How&much&are&the&bananas?&这些香蕉多少钱?
how&much后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为&多少&,how&many后加可数名词的复数形式。
How&much&meat&do&you&want?&你要多少肉呀?How&many
students&are&there&in&your&class?&你们班有多少人?
21.&be&good&for/&be&good&to/&be&good&at
be&good&for&表示"对&&有好处",而be&bad&for表示"对&&有害";be&good&to表示"对&&友好",而be&bad&to表示"对&&不好";be&good&at表示"擅长,在&&方面做得好",而be&bad&at表示"在&&方面做得不好"。
如:Doing&eye&exercises&is&good&for&your&eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating&too&much&is&bad&for&you&health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。
Miss&Li&is&good&to&all&of&us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The&boss&is&bad&to&his&workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。
Li&Lei&is&good&at&drawing,&but&I'm&bad&at&it.李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。
22.&each/&every
each&和every都有"每一个"的意思,但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼,every从整体着眼。each&可用于两者或两者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。
如:We&each&have&a&new&book.我们每人各有一本新书。
Thereare&trees&on&each&side&of&the&street.街的两旁有树。
He&gets&up&early&every&morning.每天早晨他都起得早。
each可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every只能用作形容词。如:
Each&of&them&has&his&own&duty.他们各人有各人的义务。
Theyeach&want&to&do&something&different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
23.&一般现在时/现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为am/is&/are/+doing)。
I&do&my&homework&in&the&evening.我在晚上做作业。I'm&doing&my&homework&now.我现在正在做作业。
现在进行时常与now,&these&days,&at&the&moment&或Look,&listen等词连用;而一般现在时常与often,&always,&sometimes,&usually,&every&day,&in&the&morning,&on&Mondays等连用。
We&often&clean&the&classroom&after&school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。
Look!&They&are&cleaning&the&classroom&.看!他们正在打扫教室呢。
24.&put&on/&in
put&on意为&穿上,戴上&。主要指&穿上&这一动作,&后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in&是介词,表示&穿着&强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:
It&s&cold&outside,&put&on&your&coat.&外面冷,穿上你的外衣。
He&puts&on&his&hat&and&goes&out.&他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The&woman&in&a&white&blouse&is&John&s&mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。
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