(简单句)英语学习中的六种基本句型结构及一个练习_百度文库
(简单句)英语学习中的六种基本句型结构及一个练习
英语学习中的六种基本句型结构
简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。 句型1：主谓结构：Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
1) Li Ming works very hard.
2) The little girl cried even harder.
3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
句型2：主系表结构：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound
This kind of food tastes delicious.
2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand
3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
句型3：主谓宾结构：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
1) He took his bag and left.（名词）
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)
句型4：S十V十间接宾语+直接宾语：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等。
（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.
Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me
句型5：主谓宾补结构：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.（形容词）
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)
贡献者：glliyanxia
喜欢此文档的还喜欢第三人称单数:
seem是什么意思，词典释义与在线翻译：
装模作样的人，做作的人
看来，看起来，显得
仿佛，好像（是），象，似乎，似有
似乎存在，看来存在，好像发生，感到好像，觉得似乎，看来好像
依我看，我以为
vi. & link-v. 好像; 仿佛 appear to be
give a certain impression or have a ce
"She seems to be sleeping"
"This appears to be a very difficult problem"
"This project looks fishy"
"They appeared like people who had not eaten or slept for a long time"
seem to be true, probable,
"It seems that he is very gifted"
"It appears that the weather in California is very bad"
"There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now"
appear to one's
"I seem to be misunderstood by everyone"
"I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters"
seem的用法和样例：
用作不及物动词 (vi.)
He seems to know everything.
他似乎什么都懂。
The children seem unaffected emotionally by their parent's divorce.
孩子在情绪上似乎未受到父母离婚的影响。
Well, funny things seem to be happening.
哦,似乎有些怪事正在不断发生。
I'm sorry, I seem to have mislaid my ticket.
对不起,我的车票好像弄丢了。
用作动词 (v.)
用作系动词
S+～+(to be) n.
He certainly didn't seem to be a fool.
他当然不像是个傻瓜。
She seems a sentimental woman.
她像是一个多愁善感的女子。
Mr. Owen seems a progressive writer.
欧文先生像是个进步的作家。
That seems not a bad idea.
那看来不是坏主意。
This seems a wonderful book.
这好像是本很好的书。
This seems a good place to picnic.
这似乎是个野餐的好地方。
Teaching seems a glorious way of living.
教书看来是一种光荣的谋生方式。
S+～+(to be) adj.
The young girl seems much better this morning.
今天早上那个姑娘看上去好多了。
The man seemed familiar, but I could not quite place him.
这人很面熟,但是我记不清在哪儿见过他。
Why does your mother seem so sad lately?
为什么近来你母亲这样愁容满面?
Things far off seem small.
远处之物看上去小些。
This apple seemed good but rotten inside.
这个苹果看上去还不错,可里边烂了。
What seems easy to the teacher often seems difficult to the pupils.
在老师看来是容易的,在学生看来则往往是困难的。
He doesn't seem to be afraid of it.
他好像并不怕它。
A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.
瘦的人总是比实际身高显得高些。
To me it seems quite necessary.
据我看,这好像是很必要的。
S+～+ v -ed
She seemed very excited that day.
那天她似乎很兴奋。
He seemed not interested in doing anything those days.
那些日子里他好像没有兴趣做任何事情。
He seems quite contented and happy all the time.
他好像总是非常知足和高兴。
She didn't seem convinced by the argument.
她似乎没有被那种论点说服。
S+～+ prep. -phrase
He seemed a bit under the weather.
他好像有点不舒服。
You don't seem in high spirits today.
你好像今天情绪不高。
The driver seems out of humour these days.
这个司机好像这些天情绪不高。
S+～+to- v
The beautiful girl's coming seems to scent the air in the hall.
美女的到来,仿佛使空气中增添了香气。
The dog seems to like that bone.
狗好像很喜欢那块骨头。
I can't seem to stop coughing.
我似乎无法停止咳嗽。
She seems to have camped up the third act of the play.
她在第三幕中表演得似乎过火了。
The teacher seemed to have caught a cold.
老师好像感冒了。
She seems to have missed the train.
她似乎没有赶上火车。
I seem to have seen him somewhere before.
我觉得好像以前曾在什么地方见到过他。
It would not seem to do so.
看来这样做不太合适吧。
He can't seem to see.
他好像看不见。
I couldn't seem to get to sleep.
看来我无法入睡。
S+～+(to be) v -ing
The old man seemed gradually blending into the chair.
这位老人逐渐和主席职位相融合。
The main streets seemed shining in the sun.
在阳光映射下,大街似乎闪闪发光。
He seemed to be waiting for somebody.
他好像在等什么人。
It ～s/ed (to me) that-clause
It seems that you are lying.
看来你在撒谎。
It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter.
好像谁也不了解这件事。
It seems that no one knew what had happened.
似乎没有人知道发生了什么事。
It seems that we have missed our chance.
好像我们已失去了机会。
I tried to get any kind of job but it seemed that the whole city had closed the door on me.
我想随便找个工作干,但整个城市看来都拒不接受我。
It doesn't seem that they were lying.
他们似乎没有撒谎。
It seems (to me) that you are mistaken.
看来是你搞错了。
It seems to me that Peter has seen nothing of life.
在我看来,彼得还不懂人情世故。
It ～s/ed as if/though-clause
It seems as if you are the first one here.
看起来你是第一个来这儿的。
It seemed as if the night would never end.
黑夜似乎无尽头。
It seems as though it was spring already.
现在好像是春天了。
It seems as though you were her son.
你好像是她的儿子似的。
It ～s/ed adj. / n. to- v
It seems good to have a drink now.
现在喝点什么倒还不错。
It seemed a pity to refuse.
拒绝似乎是可惜的。
There seems...
There seems to be trouble soon.
好像不久就会有麻烦发生。
There seems to be a mistake.
好像有一处错误。
There doesn't seem to have been any difficulty over this question.
在这个问题上似乎没出现什么困难。
There seems something wrong with the computer.
计算机似乎出了毛病。
用作动词 (v.)
seem like (v.+prep.)
仿佛…似的 look like sth
seem like sb/sth
She seems like a reasonable person.她看来是个通情达理的人。
It seemed like a good idea.那似乎是个好主意。
用作动词 (v.)
看来是个聪明的小伙子
看来好像是一本极好看的书
好像是个老实人
似乎是个不坏的想法
似乎情绪很高
好像没有心情
好像准备着随时克制
似乎心情不好
似乎走了神
Young women are not the angels they seem to be.
出自：F. Brooke
It seemed as if earth had..flowered into a paradise.
出自：M. C. Harris
A tendency to use the wrong words made her seem..incompetent.
出自：V. Woolf
The whole body, without seeming to move, had moved.
出自：J. Steinbeck
'What seems to be the trouble?' asked the operator.
出自：G. Markstein
Romantic heroes always seem to be wandering among ruins.
出自：A. Brookner
seem的详细讲解：
seem的基本意思是“好像”“似乎”,指根据某迹象按照自己的主观印象、看法作出的主观判断或个人推断,虽然有一定的根据,但并不一定是事实。通常不用于进行体。
seem表示“感觉”时可接“to be+名词或形容词”、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词作表语。在接名词作表语时,如名词前有形容词修饰, to be可以省略,如没有形容词修饰, to be则不可省略,在形容词作主语补足语时to be不可省略,其余情况下to be常省略。
seem还可接连词that或连词短语as if〔though〕引导的从句作表语, as if〔though〕的从句常用陈述语气, that从句可用于陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。此时主语多为非人称代词it。
当句子主语由动词不定式充当时多采用以it作形式主语的结构。
在含有seem的句子中,有时可插入to sb。为了强调,有时to sb 可移至句首。
seem还可用于存在句中, seem的主语可为名词、代词或动词不定式(多为to be), seem的形式要与其后的主语一致。
在美式英语中seem常用于转移否定句型。
在英国书面英语中, seem一般不使用否定结构; 但在美国口语中常出现“否定式+seem”结构。
seem接-ed分词,有时是系表结构,有时是被动结构,如:She seems fascinated by the handsome young man.她好像被那个英俊的年轻人迷住了。
seem, appear, look
这三个词都可用作系动词,表示“看起来”。其区别是：
1.在含义上, appear 强调外表上给人的某种印象,有时含实质上并非如此的意思; look意味着看上去如此,实际亦是如此; seem 则暗示判断有一定根据,这种判断往往接近事实。例如:
He appears to be very young.
他看上去很年轻。(实际上不一定如此)
He looks to be very young.
他看上去很年轻。(实际上也年轻)
He seems to be very young.
他看上去很年轻。(可能他的确很年轻)
2.在用法上,这三个词都可跟形容词或“to be+形容词或名词”结构,也可用于It appears〔appeared〕/looks〔looked〕/seems〔seemed〕 as if...结构。但是, appear 和seem跟to- v 时仍表示“看起来”,而look 接to- v 则是“盼望”的意思。例如:
He appears〔seems〕 to know it.
他看来知道这件事。
He looks to hear from you.
他期待你来信。
另外, appear 和seem可用于It appears〔appeared〕/seems〔seemed〕 that...结构,而look不能。例如:
我看他似乎很喜欢看这部小说。
［误］ It looks to me that he enjoys read- ing the novel.
［正］ It appears〔seems〕 to me that he enjoys reading the novel.
还有, appear 和seem一般不用于进行体; 而look可用现在进行时,这和一般现在时所表示的意思无多大区别。例如:
You are looking〔look〕 very unhappy.你看起来很不高兴。
下面各组中的两个句子意思相同:
He seemed to be ill.
It seemed that he was ill.
他好像在生病。
He doesn't seem to be at home.
He seems not to be at home.
他好像不在家。
下面两句意思不同:
It seems as if it might rain.
看样子像要下雨似的。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
看来快要下雨了。
这些动词均有“看起来，好像是”之意。
:appear指从感观印象看似乎是如此，但有时着重指因视野、观点限制而产生的歪曲印象。
:look指从样子看起来，侧重通过视觉而建立的印象。
:seem多指从主观印象或个反应得出的看法。
天好像要下雨。
误 It seems as rain.
正 It seems like rain.
析 seem后面接like,表示“好像”,不可接as。
“看来我们要赶不上火车了。”“我看是赶不上了。”
误 “It seems we'll miss the train.”“So it seems not.”
正 “It seems we'll miss the train.”“So it seems.”
“看来她不会加入我们了。”“看来是如此。”
误 “It seems she will not join us.”“It seems.”
正 “It seems she will not join us.”“It seems not.”
析 在对话中,使用替代词,可用“So it seems”或“It seems not”,不可用“So it seems not”“It seems”形式。
好像要起风了。
误 It was seeming to get windy.
正 It seemed to be getting windy.
析 seem不可用于进行体。
她看来像是出了什么事似的。
误 There seems to have something the matter with her.
正 There seems to be something the matter with her.
析 动词seem可以用于there seems句型,表示“似乎有…”, seem后接to be,不能用实义动词have。
正在讲话的那个人好像是这家公司的经理。
误 The man who was speaking seemed the manager of this company.
正 The man who was speaking seemed to be the manager of this company.
析 seem后用作表语的名词如无形容词修饰,名词前须加to be。
☆ 1200年进入英语，直接源自古北欧语的soema，意为适应。
seem的海词问答与网友补充：
[释义]看起来
seem的相关资料：
seem&:&似乎，好像 ...
在&&中查看更多...
【同义词】
seemed:seem vi. 象是, 似乎…
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英语链接动词结构浅说
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夸克等人在他们的英语语法巨著A Comprehensive Grammar ofthe English Language(1985)中提出了链接动词(catenative verbs)和链接动词结构这两个语法术语。他们把appear,seem,fail,happen,tend, turn out 等动词和不定式符号一起叫做链接动词，把链接动词和动词不定式连用这种结构叫做链接动词结构。例如： &&& He seemed to know the answer to the question. &&& I happened to meet him in the street yesterday afternoon. &&& 在这两个句子中，seemed to和happened to都是链接动词，seemed to know和happened to meet则都是链接动词结构。 &&& 链接动词结构是一个不可分割的整体，是整个句子的谓语部分。我们把seem,happen等动词和不定式连在一 起看作整个句子的谓语部分是由含链接动词结构句子的自身特点所决定的。下面我们来看一个英语句子： &&& Sam appeared to realize the importance of the matter. &&& 在分析这个句子时，如果我们把appeared和to realize切分成两个部分，将appeared看作谓语动词，将to &&& realize看作另一个语法成分，这样to realize的语法成分就说不清楚了，因为它不可能是谓语动词的宾语， 不可能是修饰谓语动词的状语，也不可能是主语补足语。但是，如果把appeared to realize这个不可分割的整 体看作是句子的谓语，把the importance of the matter看成是该谓语的宾语，这样问题便迎刃而解了。 &&& 构成链接动词结构中的主要动词(mainverb)必须带上动词不定式，句子的意思才完整。例如： &&& John seemed to be coming. &&& Sam happened to fall. &&& 这两个句子语法上的主语是John和Sam，但我们不能用通常的方法问"Who seemed?""Who happened?"因为这 两个句子中seemed,happened的意思都不完整。这两个问句应该分别接to be coming和to fall，即"Who seeme d to be coming?""Who happened to fall?"这就是说，链接动词结构中的主要动词，只是句子谓语的一部分， 该动词单独不能作句子的谓语。 &&& 把含链接动词结构的句子变成疑问句和否定句时，其操作词(operator)是do，例如： &&& Sam failed to realize the importance of the matter. &&& 这个句子的疑问句和否定句分别是： &&& Did Sam fail to realize the importance of the matter? &&& Sam didn't fail to realize the importance of the matter. &&& 从这一点看，链接动词很象主要动词。 &&& 我们再来考察上述句子的被动结构： &&& The importance of the matter failed to be realized by Sam. &&& 在被动结构中，链接动词failed to不象主要动词，而象情态动词。 &&& 含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成被动结构，但这并不是说所有含链接动词结构的句子都有其相应的被 动结构形式，有些含链接动词结构的句子是没有相应的被动结构形式的。例如： &&& The writer managed to finish his book within two years. &&& The player tends to pitch the ball too high. &&& 这两个句子中managed to finish和tends to pitch都是链接动词结构，但这两个句子都没有相应被动结构 形式。含链接动词结构中的句子能否转换成被动结构，与这种结构中的第一个动词有关。一般说来，如果该动 词的动作受句子主语支配，含由这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子不能转换成被动结构；如果该动词的动作 不受句子主语的支配，含这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子可以转换成被动结构。上述两例中的managed和t ends的动作分别受句子的主语the writer和the player的支配，故这两个句子不能被转换成被动结构。请再看 下面两个句子： &&& Helen got to know the truth of the matter. &&& Helen happened to know the truth of the matter. &&& 这两个句子都是含链接动词结构的句子，但第一个句子中的got受主语Helen的支配，故没有相应的被动结 构；第二个句子中的happened不受主语Helen的支配，故该句子可以被转换成被动结构：
&&& The truth of the mattetr happened to beknown by Helen. &&& 有些含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成先行词it(anticipatory"it")引起的断裂句(cleft sentence)。 例如： &&& She seems to have been to many countrie
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