Body composition and power changes in elite judo athletes.
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):737-41. doi: 10.1055/s-. Epub
2010 Jul 19.Body composition and power changes in elite judo athletes.1, , , .1Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal. analiza@fmh.utl.ptAbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the association between body composition changes, from a weight stable period to prior competition, on upper-body power in judo athletes. 27 top-level male athletes were evaluated at baseline (weight stable period) and 1-3 days before competition, with a time difference of approximately 1 month. Total body and extracellular water were estimated by dilution techniques (deuterium and bromide, respectively) and intracellular water was calculated as the difference. Body composition was assessed by DXA. A power-load spectrum was used to assess upper-body power output in a bench-press position. Comparison of means, bivariate, and partial correlations were used. Results indicate that though no significant mean changes were found in body composition and upper-body power, individual variability was large. Among all body composition changes, only total-body water (r=0.672; p&0.001) and intracellular water (r=0.596; p=0.001) were related to upper-body power variation. These associations remained significant after controlling for weight and arm lean-soft tissue changes (r=0.594, p=0.002 for total- r=0.524, p=0.007 for intracellular water). These findings highlight the need for tracking total-body water, specifically the intracellular compartment in elite judo athletes in order to avoid reductions in upper-body power when a target body weight is desired prior to competition.(C) Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.PMID:
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-79. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-934.Proteomics by mass spectrometry: approaches, advances, and applications.1, , .1Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. jyates@scripps.eduAbstractMass spectrometry (MS) is the most comprehensive and versatile tool in large-scale proteomics. In this review, we dissect the overall framework of the MS experiment into its key components. We discuss the fundamentals of proteomic analyses as well as recent developments in the areas of separation methods, instrumentation, and overall experimental design. We highlight both the inherent strengths and limitations of protein MS and offer a rough guide for selecting an experimental design based on the goals of the analysis. We emphasize the versatility of the Orbitrap, a novel mass analyzer that features high resolution (up to 150,000), high mass accuracy (2-5 ppm), a mass-to-charge range of 6000, and a dynamic range greater than 10(3). High mass accuracy of the Orbitrap expands the arsenal of the data acquisition and analysis approaches compared with a low-resolution instrument. We discuss various chromatographic techniques, including multidimensional separation and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) involves a continuum sample preparation, orthogonal separations, and MS and software solutions. We discuss several aspects of MudPIT applications to quantitative phosphoproteomics. MudPIT application to large-scale analysis of phosphoproteins includes (a) a fractionation procedure for motif-specific enrichment of phosphopeptides, (b) development of informatics tools for interrogation and validation of shotgun phosphopeptide data, and (c) in-depth data analysis for simultaneous determination of protein expression and phosphorylation levels, analog to western blot measurements. We illustrate MudPIT application to quantitative phosphoproteomics of the beta adrenergic pathway. We discuss several biological discoveries made via mass spectrometry pipelines with a focus on cell signaling proteomics.PMID:
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2006 Feb 22.Amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuitry regulates effort-based decision making.1, .1Department of Psychology and Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada. floresco@psych.ubc.caAbstractThe basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region of the prefrontal cortex form an interconnected neural circuit that may mediate certain types of decision-making processes. The present study assessed the role of this pathway in effort-based decision making using a cost-benefit T-maze task. Rats were given a choice of obtaining a high reward by climbing a 30-cm barrier in 1 arm (4 high-reward [HR] arm) or a small reward in the other arm with no barrier (2 low-reward [LR] arm). In Experiment 1, bilateral inactivation of the BLA via infusion of bupivacaine impaired decision making, reducing the preference for the HR arm. This effect was not due to spatial or motor deficits because BLA inactivation did not alter behavior when the amount of effort required to obtain either reward was equalized by placing a 2nd barrier in the LR arm. In Experiment 2, disconnection between the BLA and ACC, entailing a unilateral BLA inactivation combined with a contralateral ACC inactivation also impaired decision making. These data suggest that the serial transfer of information between the BLA and ACC guides response selection when evaluating the value of an expected outcome relative to the costs of performing a particular action.PMID:
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):53-64. doi: 10.148k.Enhanced luminescence of CaMoO?:Eu by core@shell formation and its hyperthermia study after hybrid formation with Fe?O?: cytotoxicity assessment on human liver cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells.1, , , , , , .1Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.AbstractHighly water dispersible Eu?? doped CaMoO? nanoparticles (core) covered by CaMoO? (shell) have been prepared using the polyol method. Significant enhancement in luminescence intensity by core@shell formation is observed due to the decrease of non-radiative rate arising from surface/defect of particles. Effect of 266 nm laser excitation (Mo-O charge transfer band) on the asymmetric ratio (A?? = intensity ratio of electric to magnetic dipole transitions) has been studied and compared with a xenon lamp source. Luminescence intensity increases with the increase of power at 532 nm laser excitation. In order to explore materials, which can show dual functionalities such as luminescence as well as magnetic properties (magnetization of ~14.2 emu g??), water dispersible Fe?O?-CaMoO?:Eu hybrid magnetic nanoparticles (MN) have been prepared. This shows good heating ability up to ~42 °C (hyperthermia) and luminescence in the red region (~612 nm), which is in a biological window (optical imaging). Biocompatibility of the synthesized Fe?O?-CaMoO?:Eu hybrid magnetic nanoparticles has been evaluated in vitro by assessing their cytotoxicity on human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) and hTERT cells using the MTT assay and fluorescent microscopy studies.PMID:
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