高三英语units11-12清单练习-高中三年级英语试题练习、期中期末试卷、测验题、复习资料-高中英语试卷-试卷下载
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高三英语units11-12清单练习
高三教材复习清单6-------Units 11-12
Step 1: 词汇过关
1. What p________ of women return to work
after having a baby?
2. At the end of the news, they often give you a s________of
the main news stories.
3. The police s_______ him of
carrying out two bomb attacks.
4. The company has a worldwide r_______ for
5. The holiday lived up to all our e_______
was as good as we were expecting).
6. I didn't want to e________ her in front
of her friends.
7. I was just c________ Ceri on winning/on
having won her race.
8. The speaker gave an interesting p________
on urban transport.
9. Bridie was u_______ about meeting
10. This office is closed t_________ for
redecoration.
11. Wearing seat belts in cars is c________
12. She is known chiefly for her c________ to
nuclear disarmament.
13. From the smell it
was e_______ that the drains had been blocked for several days.
14. Many experts remain s_______ about/of
his claims.
15. The books will be d_______ free to
local schools.
16. I keep getting c_________ advice - some people tell me to
keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.
17. The appeal for people to d_______ blood
was very successful.
18. There is a growing t________ to
regard money more highly than quality of life.
19.An increase in average temperature by only a few degrees could cause
environmental problems w___________.
20. Most of the staff refused to work a_________
the new team.
Step2: 基本短语搭配
继续支持，保持联系______________________ 2. 不顾艰难_______________________
3. 对…不公平__________________________　　 3. 独自，一个人___________________
4. 认为某人有…的嫌疑______________________ 4. 采取措施________________________
5. 要是…怎么样？__________________________ 6. 为了…起见______________________
7. 事实上 ______________ 8. 对…熟悉，知晓 _______________ 9. 把…视作_________________
10. 把…和…联系起来_____________ 11. 意识到…_____________ 12. 如同…一样_____________
13. 照料，照管___________________ 14. 考虑到…_____________ 15. 充分利用_______________
16. 作为一个整体_________________17. …在某人的脑海中，考虑…_________________________
18. 需要，受欢迎_________________ 19. 依照某事物行事，真正做到________________________
1. 实现目标_______________ 2. 受教育______________　3. 义务教育_______________　　　　　
4. 学龄儿童_______________5. 与…联系在一起_______________ 6. 作出承诺_______________
7. 旷课_______________ 8. 辍学_______________ 9. 怀疑________________________
10. 首先，开始_______________11. 有…的趋势 _______________ 12. 结果是_______________
13. 发展中国家_____________14. 发达国家_______________15. 不很发达的国家 _______________　 16. 最不发达的国家_____________17. 远程教育____________18. 偏远中西部省份_______________
19. 非政府组织______________20. 电脑化的教学网络____________21. 依靠,依赖_______________　　　　&
22. 教育部_______________23. 国际社会_______________　　24. 希望工程_______________
25. 获得信息_______________　　　　　
26. 做详细的笔记_______________
重点词汇用法
stick with
1）_____________You just stick with me. I’ll
explain everything as we go along.
2）___________ Let’s stick with the original
Stick 的用法?&
stick out , stick to 分别是什么含义？请举例说明。
2. suspect 用法
n.嫌疑犯 The police have taken the suspect to the police
station. &
adj.令人怀疑的, 不可信的,
可疑的 Some of the evidence they
produced was highly suspect.
v. 怀疑, 猜想,
对...有所觉察（常用搭配：__________________________________）
3. for the sake of 为了某人（或某事）起见；因。。。的缘故， 为获得（保持）某物
为了孩子，他们还待在一起。__________________________________________
绝不要为金钱而做坏事。______________________________________________
sake &________________________
4. be counted as 被认为
我把他看作我最好的朋友。
_____________________________________
Count 还有哪些含义和用法？
5. attach vt.　 加上；连上；附上，加入，参加加于…之上　attach label ____ parcel　
attach to （使）与。。有联系，与。。。有关联
这个事故他没有受到责备。___________________________________
attach______, ________, _______, _______…to
sth 认为。。。有重要性（意义， 价值，分量等）；重视
我认为这项研究十分重要。_________________________
6. aware of adj. &知道的；明白的 意识，察觉 （常用搭配：______________________________）
7. as with, as to, as for的用法？
9. require vt. &需要　要求; 命令 （常用搭配：_____________________________）
我们做了要求我们所做的一切。
_______________________________________________
情况紧急, 非这样做不可。____________________________________________________
按规定我们都要到场。________________________________________________________
10．keep an eye on, keep an eye open/out for 的含义？
11. take into account___________________
其它词组：
on account of _______________
on all accounts (=on every account) _____________________
on any account &__________________
on no account (=not on any account) ________________
take account of (=take into account) &________________
12. make the best, make the most of
这是我第一次出国，我要充分利用这个机会。________________________________________　
她不知道如何充分表现自己。____________________________________________　
14. set up,　set about sth [no passive], &set aside,　set off ,&
set sb off (doing sth),&
_____________ to break the world record.
tries to ___________ some money every month.
to ___________ finding a solution.
gang of boys were _________ fireworks in the street.
father gave him some money to ___________ a small business.
time I think about it, it _____ me ____ laughing.
15. in mind ___________ 常用在哪些固定词组中？
16. congratulate sb on …
17. decide on /upon 决定； 选定
18. in demand有需要,
19. live up to v. ____________________________
我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。__________________________________________
这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?________________________________________________
Up to 其他用法?
20. contribute
to___________________________________
&向红十字会捐款_______________________________________
适当的休息和足够的睡眠有益于长寿。___________________________________________
你为什么不给我们的报纸报些稿件呢？___________________________________________
吸烟是导致他死亡的原因之一___________________________________________________
21. highly 与high　Do you see that butterfly flying ______ above the street?
distinguished guests were ________
22. be skeptical of ___________　skeptical &adj. ~ (about / of sth)
我怀疑他取胜的可能性。_____________________________________________________
公众对这些说法仍持怀疑态度。
______________________________________________
23. mean 想要，意思是；
What did she mean by leaving so early?
Don’t laugh! I mean it.
I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean to.
[常用被动] ~ sb for sth ~ sb to
be sth ____________________________
I was never meant for the army (= did not
have the qualities needed to become a soldier).
to&inf] His father meant
him to be an engineer.
means_______________ by means of sth __________ by no means ______________
24. result in, result from
Job losses ___________
changes in production.
These policies __________ &many elderly people suffering hardship.
25. spread out
There’s more room to spread out in first class.
Do you have to spread
yourself out all over the sofa？
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster.
26. as far as
as the eye can / could see _________
as I know as far as I can
etc. _______________
就我们所知，没什么可担心的。_______________________________________
so far as sb/sth is concerned　_____________________
就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。_____________________________________
27. available
Tickets are available
free of charge from the school.
When will the information be made available?
We’ll send you a copy as soon as it becomes
available.
Every available
doctor was called to the scene.
Will she be available
this afternoon?
28. overcome
She overcame
injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France
29. demonstrate（常用搭配：demonstrate +that /wh--/to do）
Let me demonstrate to you some of the
difficulties we are facing.
sudden departure had demonstrated
how unreliable he was.
theories were demonstrated to be
want to demonstrate our commitment
to human rights.
involves demonstrating new
educational software.
students demonstrating
against the war.
30. be active in ___________
parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget.
31. approach vt./n.
heard the sound of an approaching
car / a car approaching。
She's been approached by a
modelling agency.
school has decided to adopt a different approach
to discipline.
kinds of birds fly south at the approach
Step4: 重点句型
No matter how hard you try, working
towards a career for which you are not suitable is not going to get you there.
2.　　　 It’s no use for everybody
to try to purse the same career.
3.　　　 To begin with, it is
important to create a positive attitude.
It is evident that people learn in three basic
Step 1: 词汇过关
1. What percentage of women return to work
after having a baby?
2. At the end of the news, they often give you a summary
of the main news stories.
3. The police suspect him of carrying
out two bomb attacks.
4. The company has a worldwide reputation for
5. The holiday lived up to all our expectations
was as good as we were expecting).
6. I didn't want to embarrass her in front
of her friends.
7. I was just congratulating Ceri on winning/on
having won her race.
8. The speaker gave an interesting presentation
on urban transport.
9. Bridie was uncertain about meeting
10. This office is closed temporarily for
redecoration.
11. Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory
12. She is known chiefly for her commitment to
nuclear disarmament.
13. From the smell it
was evident that the drains had been blocked for several days.
14. Many experts remain sceptical about/of
his claims.
15. The books will be distributed free to
local schools.
16. I keep getting contradictory advice - some people tell me to
keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.
17. The appeal for people to donate blood
was very successful.
18. There is a growing tendency to
regard money more highly than quality of life.
19.An increase in average temperature by only a few degrees could cause
environmental problems worldwide.
20. Most of the staff refused to work alongside
the new team.
Step2: 基本短语搭配
the target, 2. receive an education, 3. school-age children, 4. compulsory
linked to, 6. make a commitment　　7. be absent from school
out of school　　　　&
9. be skeptical of 　&10. to begin with
a tendency to　 12. result in
13. developing
countries　 14. developed
developed countries　16. the least
developed countries
distance learning　　　　　
18. remote central and western provinces
19. non-governmental
organizations　 20. computerized
teaching networks
21. depend
on / rely on　　　　　　
22. The Ministry of Education
international community　　
24. the Hope Project
obtain information　　&
26. take detailed notes
Step three: 重点词汇用法
stick with
1） 紧跟，不离开，和某人保持密切关系。
stick with me. I’ll explain everything as we go along.
2）继续，坚持，保持 Let’s stick with the original plans.
Stick 的用法：
n. 树枝，手杖
vi. （in, into, through）插入，刺入　（in, into, on ）粘，贴住　放，置
a fork into a potato 　用叉子叉上马铃薯
stamp on the letter. &我把一张邮票贴在信上。
wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on. &车轮陷入泥里，我们不能前进了。
chair in the corner. &将椅子置于墙角。
常用词组：
&突出；伸出，使伸出　触目；醒目　坚持到底；忍耐到最后
stick out. 他长着一对招风耳。
her tongue out at me. 她冲我吐了吐舌头。
stick your arm out of the car window. 不要把胳膊伸出车窗。
She didn’t
like the course but she stuck it out to get the certificate. 她并不喜欢这门课，但是为了拿证书，她还是学完了。
Stick to 坚持（做某事）；坚持；维持；固守
it impossible to stick to a diet. 饮食老受限制，她觉得受不了。
promised to help us and he stuck to his word. 他答应过帮助我们，他没有失信。
meet on Friday this week? ---no, let’s stick to Saturday. 这个星期我们星期五见面怎样？ 不，还是照旧在星期六吧。
2. suspect 用法
n. &嫌疑犯
police have taken the suspect to the police station. &警察把这个嫌疑犯送到了警察局。
&adj. &令人怀疑的,
不可信的, 可疑的
Some of the evidence they produced
was highly suspect. 他们出示的证据中有些相当有问题。
猜想, 对...有所觉察（常用搭配：suspect sb of doing sth , suspect sth,
suspect …to be）
that 从句）
　suspect him to be ill.　猜想他病了
&suspect sb. of giving false information &怀疑某人提供假情报
&suspect sb. of a crime &怀疑某人犯罪
&I suspected her motives. &我怀疑她的动机。
&We suspect they'll be a little late. &我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。
形容词形式：suspected a suspected broken arm 被怀疑骨折的胳膊， a suspected terrorist 被怀疑从事恐怖活动的人。
3. for the sake of 为了某人（或某事）起见；因。。。的缘故， 为获得（保持）某物
sister is trying to read；please
be quiet for her sake.　你妹妹正在努力读书，请让她安静。
stayed together for the sake of the children. 为了孩子，他们还待在一起。
wrong for the sake of money. &绝不要为金钱而做坏事。
&I stopped smoking for the sake of my
health. &为了我的健康起见我戒烟了。
&&For the sake of safety, you must
keep all medicines away from children.& &&为了安全,要把所有的药都放在孩子们拿不到的地方。&
&（用来加强语气，表示迫切的请求
或不耐烦）
&for God's sake &看在上帝的份上
&for Christ's sake &看在基督面上，看在老天面上
&for goodness pity's sake &请发发慈悲吧
Don’t get
married just for the sake of it. 不要为了结婚而结婚。
4. be counted as 被认为
him among my closest friends. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。
purposes that the money counts/ is counted as income. 那笔钱算做收入，需要纳税。
Count v. 数, 计算,
数；算; 认为；视为；看作
&to count from 1 to 100 &从1数到100
these apples. &清点一下这些苹果。
　count it an honor (to do sth.)
&（把做某事）引以为荣
&有价值；重要；有用
&Every second counts.
&每一秒钟都很重要。
5. confused vt.　　　使混乱， 混淆; 弄错　　　 ［常用被动语态］使慌乱， 使胡涂， 干扰， 扰乱
confuse Austria with [and] Australia. &不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。
asked me so many questions that I got confused. &他们问了我许许多多的问题，
把我弄糊涂了。
6. attach vt.　 加上；连上；附上，加入，参加加于…之上
　　　 attach
label to parcel　　 给包裹贴标签
attach to （使）与。。有联系，与。。。有关联
attaches to him for the accident.
&这个事故他没有受到责备。
attach primary importance to the development of economy.
&我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一位。
Attach importance, significance, value,
weight…to sth 认为。。。有重要性（意义， 价值，分量等）； 重视
great importance to the research. 我认为这项研究十分重要。
Be attached to 依恋，爱慕，附属于， 为。。。工作
grown very attached to this house and would hate to move. 我们十分喜爱这所房子，真不舍得搬家。
never seen two people so attached to each other. 我从未见过两个人如此形影不离。
Smith was attached to the medical college as a guest professor for two years.
&史密斯教授在医学院当了两年的客座教授。
7. aware of adj. &知道的；明白的 意识，察觉 （常用搭配：be aware of, be aware that ….）
&I was not aware of the fire. &我没有意识到火。
&We were quite aware (of) how you would
respond to our terms. &我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。
well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。
principal didn't seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute
about the decision. &校长好象没有意识到这个决定竟会有这么多分歧。
8. as with prep.如同...的情况一样,如同...一样， 就。。。而言
As with the experienced participants, you’ll want to use
test tasks that are as natural as possible. 对于那些有经验的运动员来讲， 你将希望尽量采用比较自然的测试任务。
any properly-run business, our immediate program will be part of a strategy for
long-term success. 就象任何正常运转的行业一样，我们立即要做的项目将是长期成功策略的一部分。
the origins of many other events no definite conclusions can be drawn. 就象许多其他事件的根源一样，做不出什么结论。
9. require vt. &需要　要求; 命令 （常用搭配：require sb to do, require that sb should
do, require doing (某事要求被做)）。　
&We did all that was required of us. &我们做了要求我们所做的一切。
&The emergency requires that it should be
done. &情况紧急, 非这样做不可。
&The rules require us all to be present. &按规定我们都要到场。
10．keep an eye on照看, 密切注视
keep an eye on my children for a while? 你愿意照看一会儿我的小孩吗？
keep your eye on the ball when you play tennis. 打网球时你必须盯住球。
should keep an eye on the man if you see what I mean. 如果你明白我的意思，你应该留心这个男子。11. take into account重视, 考虑
take into account the boy's long illness. 你必须考虑这男孩久病不愈的情况。
plus side, we must take into account the new product line. 从有利的一面看，我们必须考虑新的生产线。
n. &户头, 帐目 &报告, 报道; 说明, 记事　原因　考虑
vi. &解释; 说明; (for)
&We can not account for his failure in the
English examination. &我们无法解释他为什么在英语考试中未考好。
其它词组：
on account of &因为, 由于; 为了
&on all accounts (=on every account) &无论如何, 总之, 从各方面考虑
&on any account &无论如何
&on no account (=not on any account) &决不可以, 切莫
take account of (=take into account) &考虑, 斟酌, 计及
take account of the patient's age. 我们必须考虑到患者的年龄。
take account of the interests of the state, the collective and the individual. 我们要兼顾国家，集体和个人的利益。
12. make the best, make the best use of
Make the most of 充分　利用，尽情享受
my first trip abroad so I’m going to make the most of it. 这是我第一次出国，我要充分利用这个机会。　
doesn’t know how to make the most of herself. 她不知道如何充分表现自己。　
13. avoid vt. &避开；避免 （常用搭配：avoid sth, avoid doing ）
&I crossed the street to avoid meeting
him, but he saw me and came running towards me. &我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。
&To avoid confusion, the teams wore
different colors. &为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。
14. set up 建立　，搭建
其它常用搭配：
set about sth [no passive]
about the business of cleaning the house.&
We need to set about finding a solution.
Set aside 省出，留出（钱或时间），　暂时不考虑
tries to set aside some money every month.
set aside my personal feelings for now.
down　让某人下车，　写下，记下，制定（规则等）
Passengers
may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.
Set off 出发，引爆，引发，衬托，
We set off for London just after ten.　
gang of boys were setting off fireworks in the street.
this door will set off the alarm.
on the stock market set off a wave of selling.
blouse sets off the blue of her eyes.
set sb off (doing sth)使某人哭（笑，说）起来 to make sb start doing sth such as
laughing, crying or talking
out 出发，开始工作，
set out on the last stage of their journey.
set out to break the world record.
succeeded in what they set out to do.
out &set aside &set about &setting
off　set up &sets off
15. in mind 在脑海中 常用在一些固定词组中：have …in mind , bear …in mind,
bear /have in mind that, with …in mind
16. congratulate sb on …vt. &祝贺, 庆贺, 恭喜
congratulate you on your appointment as a manager. 我一定得祝贺您荣任经理之职。
to congratulate you on the coming of your birthday. May gladness fill your
every hour with joy to light your way. 我急切地祝贺你生日的到来，愿你时时刻刻都充满欣喜，照亮前程。
17. things went smoothly
18. as the years went by
19. put ...to good use v. &使用, 利用
dwelling houses have been put to use. 这些住宅已交付使用。
methods are being put into use on a wide scale. 类似的方法正广泛采用。
experience they had now put to use with success. 这一切经验，他们现在都成功地加以利用了。
20. decide on /upon 决定； 选定
We’re still trying to decide on a venue. 我们仍然在试图决定会场。
21. in demand有需要,
secretaries are always in demand.
22. tend to do趋向, 往往是
tend to live longer than men.
I’m tired, I tend to make mistakes.
tends to get very cold here in the winter.
tend to think that the problem will
never affect them.
(to / towards sth)倾向:
tend towards the extreme.　
have tended downwards over recent years.
3 ~ (to) 照顾，照料[vn]
shepherd tending his sheep　
and nurses tended the injured.&
well-tended gardens　
Ambulance crews were tending to the injured.
23. live up to v. &实践, 做到　真正做到，生活得无愧于
&We will live up to what our parents
expect of us. &我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。
&Did the TV play live up to your
expectations? &这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?
Up to 其他用法
（数目）到…之多
can take up to four people (= but no more than
four) in my car.
The temperature went up to 35°C.
直到，不多于，不迟于
to page 100.
he’s been very quiet.
于。。。一样高（或好）
latest book isn’t up to her usual standard.她的新作没有达到她平常的水准。　
（体力或智力上）胜任
up to the job.
&I don’t feel up to going to work today.
（口语）从事，忙于
she up to?　她在搞什么鬼？
you been up to?　你一直在搞什么名堂？
he’s up to no good (= doing sth bad).我肯定她没干什么好事。　
be up to sb 取决于某人
not up to you to tell me how to do my job.
we eat out or stay in? It’s up to you.
24. dream of (不说dream to do sth, 除非是名词　如：a dream to join the army)
verb (dreamt, dreamt
/dremt/) or (dreamed, dreamed)
1 ~ (of / about sb/sth) [v]
I talk in my sleep? I must have been dreaming.
dreamt about you last night.
[vn] Did it really happen or
did I just dream it?
[v (that)] I dreamt (that) I got the job.
2 ~ (of / about sth) ~
(of / about doing sth):
[v] She dreams of running her
own business.
was the kind of trip most of us only dream about.
(informal) I
wouldn’t dream of going without you (= I would never go without you).
[vn] Who’d have dreamt it?
They’re getting married.
[v (that)] I never
(that) I’d actually get the job.
25. pursue　 vt. &追赶, 追踪, 追击, 继续, 从事
the enemy &追击敌人
&pursue pleasure &寻欢作乐
discussion &继续讨论
&pursue one's studies &从事研究
their eyes pursuing him. &他感到他们的眼睛老是跟着他。
&He pursued the river to its source. &他沿着河流走到它的源头。
&We have always pursued a friendly policy
towards the people all over the world. &对世界人民我们一贯奉行友好政策。
26. serve　 v. &当仆人, 服务, 服役, 供职, 招待, 侍候, 供应, 适合
&1 ~ sth (with sth) ~ sth (to sb) ~ sb sth 提供，端上
is served between 7 and 10 a.m.
the lamb with new potatoes and green beans.
you being served?　
was serving behind the counter.
其他用法：
of their economic policies serve
the interests of big business. （对。。。有用，满足。。。的需要）他们的经济政策多半符合大企业的利益。　
can we best serve the
of future generations?　我们怎样才能满足后代子孙的需要？
serves him right. &他活该。
v] ~ (as sth)用作，当。。。使
The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two.
服务，服役，坐牢
served a one-year apprenticeship.
[v] She was elected to serve
as secretary of the local party.
prisoners serving life
is serving two years for theft.
常用词组：
First come, first served. &先到先招待; 先到先供应。
&serve as [for] &作为...用; 担任; 起...作用
27. function n.　　官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数
　　　 vi.　　　　 (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责
The function of the heart is to
pump blood through the body.心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。
The hall provided a venue for
weddings and other functions. 大厅给婚礼和其他社会活动提供了场所。
is a function of age and experience.工资视乎年龄和经验而定。　
Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to
function normally. 尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。
We now have a functioning shower. 现在我们有一个功能正常的淋浴器。
Many children can’t function effectively in large
classes. 许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。
常用词组：function as sb/sth起。。作用；具有。。。功能:
sofa also functions as a bed. 这沙发可以当床用。
money to be able to function as an artist. 我需要钱才能当一个艺术家。
28. contribute to 捐献［赠］， 出钱（to）是。。的原因，　起作用，增加，增进； 有助于，　投稿　出力， 做出贡献
contribute
to the Red Cross 向红十字会捐献
discovery will contribute to all humanity. 这个新发现将对全人类作出贡献。
rest and enough sleep contribute to longevity. 适当的休息和足够的睡眠有益于长寿。
you contribute articles to our newspaper? 你为什么不给我们的报纸报些稿件呢？
arrangement will contribute to cement our pleasant relationship. 此项安排将有助于巩固我们良好的关系。
your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. 我们希望你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
certainly contributed to his early death.
1. be similar to 与。。。相似
teaching style is similar to that of
most other teachers.
2. introduce 介绍，正式提交，实施
introduced me to a Greek girl at the
first lecture introduces students to
the main topics of the course.
company is introducing a new range of
products this year.
new law was introduced in 1991.
3. highly 与high 区别; close 与closely 区别
see that butterfly flying high above
the street?你是否看 见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞
distinguished guests were highly
praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
引申：Suddenly the door was ______and in
came Mr. Wang.
wide B. widely open C. wide opened D. open widely
（答案为C，由前面的suddenly可见，此句强调动作，故用被动语态，而不用形容词，wide与widely都有副词，但是意义不同，他们的区别好象deep/deeply，high/highly，close/closely）
4. It is reported that 据报道。。。
类似的句型还有：it is said/ believed/hoped/announced
5. make a commitment to do 承诺
Commitment n. &承诺；约定；约束责任；承担义务 , 献身，投入（常与to sb/sth连用）
&a commitment
to pay $50000 to Red Cross &承诺向红十字会提供50000美元
taken on too many commitments. &我承担的义务太多了。
&He doesn't want to get married because he
is afraid of any commitments. &&他不想结婚,因为他害怕承担任何责任。&
6. face 用法
face to face &面对面地
&I rushed out of the office and found
myself face-to-face with the boss. &&我冲出办公室,面对面地碰上了老板。&
&The burglar turned the corner and found
himself face to face with a policeman.
&那窃贼转过墙角，面对面碰上一个警察。
in the face of &不顾；面对，在…前面
&He succeeded in the face of great
difficulties. &尽管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。
Be faced with 面临
realized that Hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem. 我意识到Hamlet面临着完全不同的问题。
state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes. 国家面临紧迫的问题，收新税。
7. to begin with （插入语）首先
类似词组有：
to make things worse
begin with, what
is an interior designer?
Although it
had seemed a good reason, to begin with: no couple could afford to have
8. be skeptical of 怀疑
skeptical &adj. ~ (about / of sth)
sceptical about his chances of winning. 我怀疑他取胜的可能性。
The public remain sceptical of these claims. 公众对这些说法仍持怀疑态度。
She looked highly sceptical.她一脸深表怀疑的神色。
9. attach importance to ….认为。。。很重要
importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth)
I attach great importance to this research.
10. drop out 退学 1 退出，脱离2 退学，辍学
He has dropped out of active politics. 他已经不再积极参政了。
a word that has dropped out of the language 该语言中已经废弃的一个词。
She started a degree but dropped out
after only a year. 她开始攻读工程学学位，但仅一年后就辍学了。
11. be willing /unwilling to do （不）愿意。（不）乐意
They keep a list of people (who are) willing to work nights. 他们有一份愿意夜间工作的人的名单。
I’m perfectly willing to discuss the
problem.我十分乐意讨论这个问题。
They are unwilling
to invest any more money in the project. 他们不愿再为这个项目投资。
She was unable, or unwilling, to give me any further details.她不能，或不愿意，向我提供进一步的细节。
12. mean 想要，意思是；
What did she mean by leaving so early
(= why did she do it)?
Don’t laugh! I mean it (= I am serious).
I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean to.
You’re meant to (= you are
supposed to) pay before you go in.
[常用被动] ~ sb for sth ~ sb to
be sth （想要某人成为，想要某人去做）
was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to
become a soldier). 我根本就不是块当兵的料。
Philip and Kim were meant for each other (=
are very suitable as partners). Philip 和Kim真是天生的一对。
to&inf] His father meant
him to be an engineer. 他父亲想让他当工程师。
She did everything to get the two of them together,
but I guess it just wasn’t meant to be.她极力撮合他两个，但我觉得那根本不可能。
means可以，当然行，没问题
you mind if I have a look?’ ‘By all means.’借我看一眼行吗？当然可以。
by means of sth (formal) 借助。。。手段，依靠。。。方法。
: The load was lifted by means of a
crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。
By no means 绝不，一点也不
is by no means an inexperienced
teacher. 她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。
By no means are
these cases exceptional. 这些例子绝不是例外。
13. distribute 分发，分配，分销，使散开，使分布；分散~ sth
(to / among sb/sth)
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. 这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品和毯子。
The newspaper is distributed free. 这份报纸免费分发。
The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
Who distributes
our products in the UK? 谁在英国分销我们的产品？
Make sure that your weight is evenly distributed. 注意让你的体重分布均匀。
14. result in （造成，导致）, result from （因。。发生，随。。。产生）
job losses resulting
from changes in production 生产革新造成的失业。
When water levels rise, flooding results. 水位上升，就会发洪水。
The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of
deaths. 飓风已经造成成千上万的人死亡。
&[+ -ing] These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship.
这些政策使许多老人和残疾人在困苦中挣扎。
15. spread out 分散 伸展身体，摊开东西
There’s more room to spread out in first class. 头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。
Do you have to spread
yourself out all over the sofa？你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来，好更快搜索这一地区。
16. as far as
as the eye can / could see 极目所尽
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
as I know as far as I can
etc. 就我所知道，尽我所记得的，依我看。
As far as we knew, there
was no cause for concern. 就我们所知，没什么可担心的。
As far as I can
see, you’ve done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember. 据我所记得的，她过去住在Chicago。
so far as sb/sth is concerned　就。。。而言
As far as I am
concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
17. available 可获得的，可找到的，有空的
Tickets are available
free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票。
When will the information be made available? 何时才能了解到情况？
Further information is available on request. 详情备索。
This was the only room available.
这是唯一可用的房间。
We’ll send you a copy as soon as it becomes
available. 一有货我们就会给你邮寄一本去。
Every available
doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的医生都备召集到了现场。
Will she be available
this afternoon? 今天下午她有空吗？
18. rely on /upon 依赖； 依靠
These days we rely
heavily on computers to organize our
The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.
You can rely
on me to keep your secret.
He can’t be
relied on to tell the truth
19. adopt 收养，采用 （方法）；采纳（建议，政策等）
three teams adopted different
approaches to the problem. 三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
council is expected to adopt the new
policy at its next meeting.委员会有望在下次会议上正式通过这项新政策。
20. overcome 克服，战胜
She overcame
injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France
Integrating skills
1. have …in common
2. suggest 不用虚拟的用法
3. demonstrate 证明，论证，表达，显露，示范，演示，示威（常用搭配：demonstrate +that
/wh--/to do）
Let me demonstrate to you some of the
difficulties we are facing. 让我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。
sudden departure had demonstrated
how unreliable he was. 他突然离去，这说明他多么不可靠。
theories were demonstrated to be
false. 这些理论已被证明是错误的。
want to demonstrate our commitment
to human rights.我们向表明我们对人权的信念。
involves demonstrating new
educational software. 她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。
students demonstrating
against the war. 举行反战示威游行的学生。
4. category 类别，种类
Students over 25 fall into a
different category. 25岁以上的学生属于另一类。
The results can be divided into three main categories. 结果可以分成3大类。
引申：categorize/se 将。。。分类，把。。加以分类
Participants were categorized according to age. 参加者按年龄和性别分组。
His latest work cannot be categorized as either a novel or an autobiography. 他的近作既不属于小说也不属于自传。
5. be active in 积极参加
takes an active part in school life.
parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget.
6. approach vt./n. 接近，靠近，建议，要求，（待人接物或思考问题的）方法，方式，态度
heard the sound of an approaching
car / a car approaching。我们听见一辆车驶近的声音。
approached the bank for a loan.她向银行要求贷款。
school has decided to adopt a different approach
to discipline. 学校决定采用另一种方式解决纪律问题。
took the wrong approach in her
dealings with them. 她用错误的手段和他们打交道。