From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Traditional
defines the object in a sentence as the entity that is acted upon by the . There is thus a primary distinction between subjects and objects that is understood in terms of the action expressed by the verb, e.g. Tom studies grammar—Tom is the subject and grammar is the object. Traditional theories of sentence structure divide the simple sentence into a
and a , whereby the object is taken to be part of the predicate. Many modern theories of grammar (e.g. ), in contrast, take the object to be a verb
like the subject, the difference between them being mainly j the subject is ranked higher than the object and is thus more prominent.
The main verb in a clause determines whether and what objects are present.
require the presence of an object, whereas
block the appearance of an object. The term
overlaps in meaning with object: all objects are complements, but not vice versa. The objects that verbs do and do not take is explored in detail in
Various object types are commonly acknowledged: direct, indirect, and prepositional. These object types are illustrated in the following table:
Description
Direct object
Entity acted upon
Sam fed the dogs.
Indirect object
Entity indirectly affected by the action
She sent him a present.
Prepositional object
Object introduced by a preposition
She is waiting for Lucy.
The descriptions "entity acted upon" and "entity indirectly affected by the action" are merely loose orientation points. Beyond basic examples such as those provided in the table, these orientation points are not much help when the goal is to determine whether a given object should be viewed as direct or indirect. One rule of thumb for English, however, is that an indirect object is not present unless a direct object is also present. A prepositional object is one that is introduced by a . Despite the difficulties with the traditional nomenclature, the terms direct object and indirect object are widespread.
is also employed at times, although what exactly is meant varies from author to author. Some understand it to be an umbrella term denoting all objects (direct, indirect, and prepositional), whereas others use the term to denote just a prepositional object.
verbs can have two direct objects, one being more closely bound to the these may be called .
While the typical object is a pronoun, noun, or noun phrase, objects can also appear as other , as illustrated in the following table:
Noun (phrase) or pronoun
The girl ate fruit.
that-clause
We remembered that we had to bring something.
Bare clause
We remembered we had to bring something.
for-clause
We were waiting for him to explain.
Interrogative clause
They asked what had happened.
Free relative clause
I heard what you heard.
Gerund (phrase or clause)
He stopped asking questions.
to-infinitive
Sam attempted to leave.
I believe it that she said that.
A number of criteria can be employed for identifying objects, e.g:
1. Subject of passive sentence: Most objects in active sentences can become the subject in the corresponding passive sentences.
2. Position occupied: In languages with strict , the subject and the object tend to occupy set positions in unmarked declarative clauses. The object follows the subject.
3. Morphological case: In languages that have case systems, objects are marked by certain cases (accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, etc.).
Languages vary significantly with respect to these criteria. The first criterion identifies objects reliably most of the time in English, e.g.
Fred gave me a book.
a. A book was given (to) me.—Passive sentence identifies a book as an object in the starting sentence.
b. I was given a book.—Passive sentence identifies me as an object in the starting sentence.
The second criterion is also a reliable criterion for
such as English, since the relatively strict word order of English usually positions the object after the verb(s) in declarative sentences. The third criterion is less applicable to English, though, since English lacks morphological case, exceptions being the personal pronouns (I/me, we/us, he/him, she/her, they/them). For languages that have case and thus freer word order, morphological case is the most readily available criterion for identifying objects. In Latin and related languages, direct objects are usually marked with the accusative case, and indirect objects with the dative case. Note as well that some objects are marked in telling ways in particular languages. In Spanish, for example, human objects have to be marked by the preposition a; the phenomenon is called .
Verbs can be classified according to the number and/or type of objects that they do or do not take. The following table provides an overview of some of the various verb classes:
Transitive verbs
Number of objects
Monotransitive
One object
I fed the dog.
Ditransitive
Two objects
You lent me a lawnmower.
Tritransitive
Three objects
They sold me bananas for two dollars.
Intransitive verbs
Semantic role of subject
The man stumbled twice, The roof collapsed.
He works in the morning, They lie often.
and object-deletion verbs can be transitive or intransitive, as indicated in the following table:
Transitive
The submarine sank the freighter.
Object deletion
We have already eaten dinner.
Intransitive
The freighter sank.
Object deletion
We have already eaten.
The distinction drawn here between ergative and object-deletion verbs is based on the role of the subject. The object of a transitive ergative verb is the subject of the corresponding intransitive ergative verb. With object-deletion verbs, in contrast, the subject is consistent regardless of whether an object is or is not present.
Objects are distinguished from subjects in the syntactic trees that represent sentence structure. The subject appears (as high or) higher in the syntactic structure than the object. The following trees of a
illustrate the hierarchical positions of subjects and objects:
The subject is in blue, and the object in orange. The subject is consistently a dependent of the , whereas the object is a dependent of the lowest
if such a verb is present.
. www.grammaticalfeatures.net.
For descriptions of the traditional distinction between subject and object, see for instance Freeborn (1995:31) and Kesner Bland ().
The division of the clause into a subject and a predicate is a view of sentence structure that is adopted by most grammars, e.g. Conner (1968:43), Freeborn (), and Biber et al. ().
Concerning the fact that the object is part of the predicate, see for instance Biber et al. ().
The insight that the arguments and adjuncts of verbs are ranked is expressed as the Accessibility Hierarchy. See Keenan and Comrie (1977).
The distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs is acknowledged by most any grammar. See for instance the Collins Cobuild Grammar (ff.).
Concerning the historical distinction between direct and indirect objects, see Conner (f.).
Biber et al. (1999), for instance, use the term oblique object to denote an object that is introduced by a preposition.
See Biber et al. () for a similar list of characteristics that identify (direct) objects.
Concerning the passive as a diagnostic for identifying objects, see for instance Freeborn () and Biber et al. ().
For a classification of transitive verbs along the lines used here but using different terminology, see for instance Conner (ff.).
Concerning ergative verbs, see for instance the Collins Cobuild English Grammar (f.) and Biber et al. (f.).
The term object-deletion verb is adopted from Biber et al. (). Such verbs are also called ambitransitive.
Dependency trees similar to the ones produced here can be found in ?gel et al. (2003/6).
?gel, V., L. Eichinger, H.-W. Eroms, P. Hellwig, H. Heringer, and H. Lobin (eds.) 2003/6. Dependency and valency: An international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Biber, D. et al. 1999. Longman Grammar of spoken and written English. Essex, England: Pearson Education limited.
Carnie, A. 2013. Syntax: A generative introduction, 3rd edition. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Collins Cobuild English Grammar 1995. London: HarperCollins Publishers.
Conner, J. 1968. A grammar of standard English. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Freeborn, D. 1995. A course book in English grammar: Standard English and the dialects, 2nd edition. London: McMillian Press LTD.
Keenan, E. and B. Comrie 1977. Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8. 63-99.
Kesner Bland, S. Intermediate grammar: From form to meaning and use. New York: Oxford University Press.
: Hidden categories:当前位置： &
direct object中文是什么意思
中文翻译直接宾语，直接受词直接客体&&&&adj. 1.笔直的，一直线的；正面的。 2.直接的。 ...... &&&&&&n. 1. 物，物体，物件。 2.目标 ( for ...... &&&&&&直视物端棱镜... &&&&&&n. 1. 物，物体，物件。 2.目标 ( for); 目的，宗旨。 3.【哲学】对象，客体，客观 (opp. subject); 【语法】宾语。 4 ...... &&&&&&反对，不赞成; 反对；抗议,抱反感; 反对；抗议；不支持; 声称; 提出异议; 赞成……的人则认为... &&&&&&提出异议... &&&&&&物件功能... &&&&&&adj. 1.笔直的，一直线的；正面的。 2.直接的。 3.直截了当的，直率的，明白的。 4.直系的，正统的。 5.【语法】直接法的。 6.【天文学】由西向 ...... &&&&&&把对准; 瞄准目标; 指向,针对... &&&&&&指向,针对... &&&&&&犯罪客体... &&&&&&实物教学... &&&&&&抽象客体... &&&&&&绝对目标... &&&&&&抽象对象; 抽象客体; 抽象目标... &&&&&&存取对象; 存取方式访问对象; 访问对象... &&&&&&是一个以编定... &&&&&&受事宾语... &&&&&&活化物件; 激活对象... &&&&&&活动对象; 见主动对象; 主动对象... &&&&&&调整对象... &&&&&&管理员对象... &&&&&&状语性宾语... &&&&&&航空目标，空中物体; 空中物体... &&&&&&美学客体; 审美对象... &&
例句与用法Normally it is followed by a personal direct object .后面一般须有一表示人的直接宾语。The direct object of " say " is usually the words spoken .“说”的直接宾语通常是所说的话。The direct object of " tell " is usually the information given and the indirect object is the person that it is given to .“告诉”的直接宾语通常是提供的信息，间接宾语是接受信息的人。Mr. bounderby always represented this to be the sole, immediate, and direct object of any hand who was not entirely satisfied .庞得贝先生总是认为这些是任何一个没有完全得到满足的“人手”的唯一的、迫切的直接的要求。You should put the direct object after the indirect object你应该把直接宾语放在间接宾语之后。 Put the direct object after the verb把直接宾语放在动词之后。 This word is a transitive verb . we can use a noun or noun phrase as its direct object这是一个及物动词，我们可以用名词或名词性短语直接作其宾语。 Its direct object is insurance system or insurance order , that is to say , relationship of insurance contract or insurance interests其直接客体是保险制度或保险秩序，具体而言，是保险合同关系或保险利益。 Some verbs take two objects , one of which isgenerally an indirect object ( persons ) and the other of which is a direct object . ( objects )汉语中有的动词后边可带有两个宾语。一个指人（间接宾语） ，一个指物（直接宾语） 。 Some verbs take two objects , one of which is generally an indirect object ( persons ) , and the other of which is a direct object ( objects )汉语中有的动词后边可带两个宾语。一般一个指人，靠近动词，称间接宾语；一个指事物，称直接宾语。 更多例句：&&1&&&&
英文解释the object that receives the direct action of the verb同义词：,
相邻词汇热门词汇
direct object的中文翻译，direct object是什么意思，怎么用汉语翻译direct object，direct object的中文意思，，，，发音，例句，用法和解释由查查在线词典提供，版权所有违者必究。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Copyright &
(京ICP备号)
All rights reservedthe indirect object
...ake * They kissed good-bye 有时有些及物动词要求有两个宾语：直接宾语 （The Direct Object）和间接宾语(The Indirect Object)，称之为双宾语。这两个宾语往往一个指物， 一个指人。
基于58个网页-
带间接宾语的动词
You should put the direct object after the
indirect object.
你应该把直接宾语放在间接宾语之后。
A reflexive pronoun can also be used as the indirect object of a verb.
反身代名词也可以用来当作一个的动词的间接宾语。
A reflexive pronoun can also be used as the indirect object of a verb. In such a case, it is usually used after a preposition.
反身代名词也可以用来当作一个的动词的间接宾语。在此情况之下，它通常位于一个介词之后。
$firstVoiceSent
- 来自原声例句
请问您想要如何调整此模块？
感谢您的反馈，我们会尽快进行适当修改！
请问您想要如何调整此模块？
感谢您的反馈，我们会尽快进行适当修改！Indirect object
Indirect object
What is your opinion on these sample sentences:
1. &John gave the boy the ball.
2. &John gave the ball to the boy.
Is boy an indirect object in the second sentence?
Some grammar books say so.
I always thought the indirect object had to
be between the verb and direct
object. In sentence 2, I know the boy
still fits the indirect object definition of &to/for whom the
action is done,& but isn't boy the
object of the preposition, or can it now be
Barbara Gasdick
Posted 22 February 2003
Marcella Frank says, in Modern English, A Practical Reference
(Regents/ Prentice Hall, 1993), page 8:
An object of the verb can be?an
indirect object. This is the second object TO or FOR which the action
of the verb is directed. The indirect object precedes
the direct object.
Please give that man some money.
indirect object may also be expressed in a TO or FOR phrase after
the direct object:
Please give some money to that man.
says on page 191:
Although grammarians often classify the TO phrases
after certain verbs as indirect objects, these phrases could
with equal justification
be called merely prepositional
This probably doesn't help much!
Nomenclature is not
always consistent, and it's confusing.Grammar Bytes! :: The Indirect Object
The Indirect Object
Recognize an indirect object when you see one.
Indirect objects are rare. You can read for pages before you encounter
one. For an indirect object to appear, a sentence must first have a
Direct objects follow
[a type of ]. If you can identify
a sentence, then finding the direct object—if one exists—is easy.
Just remember this simple formula:
+ Verb + what? or who?
= Direct Object
Here are examples of the formula in action:
Jim built a sandcastle
on the beach.
built = verb. Jim built what?
Sandcastle = direct object.
Sammy and Maria brought
Billie Lou to the party.
Sammy, Maria
= brought = verb. Sammy and
Maria brought who? Billie Lou
= direct object.
To explain the broken lamp, we told a
told = verb. We told what?
Lie = direct object.
When someone [or something] gets the direct object, that word
is the indirect object. Look at these new versions of the sentences
Jim built his granddaughter
a sandcastle on the beach.
built = verb. Jim built what?
Sandcastle = direct object. Who got
the sandcastle? Granddaughter = indirect
So that Darren would have company at the party, Sammy
and Maria brought him a
blind date.
Sammy, Maria
= brought = verb. Sammy and
Maria brought who? Blind date
= direct object. Who got the blind date? Him
= indirect object.
To explain the broken lamp, we told
Mom a lie.
told = verb. We told what?
Lie = direct object. Who got the lie?
Mom = indirect object.
Sometimes, the indirect object will occur in a
beginning with
to or for.
Read these two sentences:
Tomas paid the mechanic
200 dollars to fix the squeaky brakes.
Tomas paid 200 dollars to
the mechanic to fix the squeaky brakes.
In both versions, the mechanic [the
indirect object] gets the 200 dollars
[the direct object].
When the direct object is a
than a , putting the indirect object in a prepositional
phrase becomes a necessary modification. The preposition smoothes out the
sentence so that it sounds natural. Check out these examples:
Leslie didn't have any money for a sandwich,
so Smitty purchased her it.
Blech! That version sounds awful! But now try the sentence with the indirect
object after a preposition:
Leslie didn't have any money for a sandwich,
so Smitty purchased it for her.
Locating the indirect object her in a
prepositional phrase lets the sentence sound natural! Now read this example:
After Michael took generous spoonfuls of stuffing,
he passed us it.
Ewww! This version sounds awful too! But with a quick fix, we can solve
the problem:
After Michael took generous spoonfuls of stuffing,
he passed it to us.
With the indirect object us in a prepositional
phrase, we have an improvement!
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