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Not to be confused with .
The Regis School of the Sacred Heart is a primary and middle school for boys located at 7330 Westview Drive in the
area of , in the
of . It offers a
education for boys in pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. The school has been single gender and non-profit since its founding and is a . Regis is also part of the . As of 2011, the school had about 250 students enrolled. The learning establishment also celebrated its twentieth anniversary during the 2010-11 school year. Regis, an independent Catholic school, is the only all-boys school of the Archdiocese to have early childhood, elementary, and middle school programs in one school. Regis is the brother school of the .
The campus
For several years, parents of girls attending nearby all-girl
had longed for a similar school for their sons. In 1990, a group of Duchesne families founded The Regis School with the goal of being accepted into the . The school was scheduled to open in August 1991. In August, 1991, the school opened with 38 students in facilities leased from Holy Cross Lutheran Church. Since these temporary facilities were inadequate, a search was started for a more permanent solution. The current Milestones and Administration building was purchased and renovated, and classes began there in August 1992.[] The school was searching for a permanent site within 2 miles (3.2 km) of Duchesne.
Between the school's first year of operation and its second year of operation, the student body increased by 83%. In January 1993 the school had 60 students in grades preschool through six. It planned to expand to the eighth grade and increase its student body to 320. , the founder of the
restaurant chain and a grandmother of a student at Regis, was honored at the annual "The Regis Merci" celebration on Wednesday April 13, 1994. The celebration honors individuals who were instrumental to the school's operations. Houston Mayor
declared that day "Ninfa Laurenzo Day" and presented this proclamation to her at the celebration.
In 1995, The Regis School earned
from the Texas Catholic Conference Educational Department. In April of the same year, The Network of Sacred Heart Schools accepted The Regis School as a provisional member. Full membership was granted in 1998.
Over the years, growth of the school necessitated the installation of three temporary classroom buildings to house the upper grades. Through a , the purchase of adjoining properties paved the way for expansion. In 2001, construction began on a new schooling building and several additional improvements, including a regulation sports field. In 2002, lower and middle school classes began the school year in the new building.[]
In 2005, Anne Storey Carty, the founding , announced that she would be retiring after the 2006 school year, the 15th anniversary of the school's founding. After a thorough search, Dr. Nancy Taylor was selected as the second headmistress of the school.
On November 8, 2007, Pulitzer Prize-winning humorist
and New York Times bestseller
visited the school in the afternoon.
In late 2010, construction began for a new student center with the demolition of the former pavilion. The project that is currently in progress will result in a new , auditorium, and cafeteria. This was set to be completed in time for autumn of the 2012-13 school year. On November 22, 2011, Regis honored veterans at its annual Veteran's Day celebration, with the students displaying posters on the school gates. On January 30, 2012, the school held its first ever career day, where students had the opportunity to hear about a variety of jobs from professional workers. The school held its first large event in the new Student Life Center in a liturgy of Grandparents Day on October 19, 2012. Regis officially opened the Student Life Center for daily use on November 6, 2012, with its liturgy for the dedication of the new building.
Regis was the first school voted into membership in the National Network of Sacred Heart Schools in 1998.[] Through its reflective process concerning how its community lives the Goals and Criteria, Regis received its SHCOG renewal site visit in March 2009. Regis is also accredited by the Texas Catholic Conference Educational Department, under the auspices of the . The Independent Schools Association of the Southwest invited Regis to membership as its 86th accredited school in June 2010.
The Goals and Criteria are the conditions for every school that belongs to the Sacred Heart Network. In the late 1960s and in the aftermath of the , Sacred Heart schools faced a number of serious challenges. A declining number of religious workers available for work in the schools, a diminishing number of Sacred Heart schools open and operating, and the development of independent Boards of Trustees in the remaining establishments were some of these. Sacred Heart educators began to meet to find a way to secure the legacy and vision of a Sacred Heart education in the United States. Eventually, five goals true to the inspiration of
were published that helped to define what a Sacred Heart school strives to do. Specific criteria were drawn up for judging whether an institution was indeed following the five goals and deserved membership in the Network of Sacred Heart Schools. The original Goals and Criteria published in 1975 were adapted and redefined in 2005 to reflect more accurately the challenges facing the schools. The school has five foundational principles on what a Sacred Heart school should be. The Regis School teaches according to these goals and criteria:
Goal 1: Educate to a personal and active faith in God.
Goal 2: Educate to a deep respect for intellectual values.
Goal 3: Educate to a
which impels to action.
Goal 4: Educate to the building of community as a Christian value.
Goal 5: Educate to personal growth in an atmosphere of wise freedom.
The Regis School is an independent Catholic School where boys become scholars and gentlemen in the Sacred Heart tradition. Regis commits itself to educate to: a personal and active faith in God, a deep respect for intellectual values, a social awareness which impels to action, the building of community as a Christian value and personal growth in an atmosphere of wise freedom.
Photo of the Kelley Building at Regis.
The Regis School is divided into three divisions by grade level: Early Childhood, Lower School, and Middle School for grades
Grades: 3 Pre-K through 4 Pre-K
Schedule: 8:00 am to 11:30 am (3 Pre-K half-day) / 8:00 am to 3:00 pm (3 Pre-K through 4 Pre-K)
Curriculum: Age appropriate Language Arts, Mathematics, Social Sciences, Fine Arts, and Motor Skills
The Early Childhood playing is started with learning. Developmental and readiness goals are established for each of the following broad areas: Religion, Language Arts, mathematics, science, social studies, fine arts, computer technology and physical education. Every student learns to use his unique talents for personal growth and to help to live cooperatively with others. The school tries to understand and recognize each student learns at his own pace.
The curriculum of
is strong and challenging. The framework of Sacred Heart Schools: faith, academics, service, community building and the making of wise decisions is incorporated in all sectors. To ensure each student’s success, Regis provides communication with parents. Self-discipline is taught through modeling, positive reinforcement and redirection. Regis believes in children and srives to work to reach each student’s potential. There is an atmosphere of family and nurturing which is felt and an indelible acceptance of serenity and peace when one walks through the door.
Grades: K through 4th
Schedule: 8:00 am to 3:15 pm
Curriculum
Core Subjects: Religion, Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies
Ancillary Subjects: Art, Drama, Music, Computer Literacy, Spanish, and Physical Education
The Lower School embraces knowledge, adapting the teaching styles to encourage learning. They consider hands-on activities as an important element of the boys' learning, and their classes involve active learning throughout the day. Classroom size continues to be a small number of about 12 students per class. The use of technology throughout the school extends lessons even further as they interact with
and computers.
The firm foundation of skills developed in lower school are to help boys develop independence, confidence, and competency. The core curriculum is based on Religion, Language Arts, Mathematics, Science and Social Studies. In addition, Regis offers Art, Music, Computer Literacy, Spanish and Physical Education. In all course areas, students are encouraged to think, share, reason, predict and apply their knowledge to scenarios. Field trips are also done in the Lower School area.
Grades: 5th through 8th
Schedule: 8:00 am to 3:30 pm
Curriculum: Religion, English, Math, Social Studies, Science, Computer, Art, Modern Language, French or Spanish, Music, Physical Education
Class Trips
5th and 6th grades: The Outdoor School at
7th grade: Texas History - Austin, Washington-on-the-Brazos, and San Antonio (3 days)
8th grade: Boston (5 days)
The Middle School offers students a rich core curriculum integrating active and experiential learning. Close attention is given to reading, writing, and study skills. The curriculum is designed to engage and challenge the intellect, imagination, and energy of talented students. The middle school experience is focused on energy that supports the development of the individual student. Boys profit from the skill of the faculty and receive the individual attention that they deserve. Regis creates an environment which is conductive to learning.
Students become well-versed in using technology to help them explore the information within their course of study and produce multimedia presentations for projects. Technology is fully integrated into the entire curriculum. At the sixth grade level, boys are given laptops. Smartboards are also located in each classroom, enabling the teachers to extend their teaching possibilities.
A President, Vice President, Secretary, and Social Justice Representative are elected by the student body during the late spring of the school year. Each candidate must campaign for one week and present a speech. The Student Council meets every week to discuss problems, organize events, and give a voice to the students. This is a great leadership preparation for the students, which will always help them in life. This is a great leadership preparation for the students, which will always help them in life. (Winning info will not be published to protect identities.)
In the 2010-11 school year, middle school students began to receive
laptops. Middle school students, beginning in the sixth grade, are given a school-specified . In class, students use the computers in various ways to assist in their learning.
This section requires . (February 2012)
The school is located on a 3-acre (1.2 ha) site that it purchased in May 1992 for $1.3 million. This site is in the
district, in the immediate area of the Afton Village subdivision.
In September 2011 the school held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Student Life Center, a 27,000-square-foot (2,500 m2) multi-purpose building on the west side of the school campus. Bishop
also attended the ceremony to bless the construction site. The building is scheduled to open in the autumn of 2012. The school enacted the "Building a Legacy" capital campaign in order to raise $6 million to construct the building. The school planned for the building to house a gymnasium and weight room, an indoor cafeteria, additional instructional classrooms, and an assembly area for drama and music productions, the Celebration of the , and special events.
The academics is based on the same core subjects throughout a student's tenure at Regis. This is more strongly influenced with specific educational programs that are used through textbooks. Specific programs provide a strong base of knowledge for Regis students. Many teachers also try to provide their own form of a structured and well-managed curriculum for their own subject. As of 1993 all students are required to take Catholic religion classes and attend Catholic religious services. Non-Catholic students take the classes as a form of academic education. In late January 2012, Regis students were also highly recognized at the . The participating students won four Gold medals, four Silver medals, two Bronze medals, and four Honorable Mentions. In 2013, Regis once again participated in the Academic Rally, this time winning five gold, five silver, and three bronze medals, and nine honorable mentions. Once again, Regis students also participated in the Strake Prep Bowl in January 2013, where they placed third in the competition.
Photo of the athletics field at Regis.
Kindergarten and lower school athletics are organized and coached by parent volunteers. The boys play soccer in the fall, basketball in the winter, and baseball in the spring.
Middle school athletics are organized and coached by Gary Holub, the school's athletic director. Through tryouts, boys may be selected to junior varsity and varsity teams. Middle school students also play soccer and basketball, but substitute
for baseball. Additional fees, for referees, uniforms, and league fees will be required for each team a student joins. The Knights play in the Southwest conference of the Greater Houston Catholic Sports Association. The Regis Varsity Basketball Team won the 2008 Greater Houston Catholic Athletic Association by defeating the St. Laurence Saints at ’s gymnasium with a score of 70-68. In the 2011 season, the Knights placed third in soccer in the GHCAA tournament after a penalty shootout. In January 2012, the Regis Knights Varsity basketball team also placed third in its respective tournament by defeating St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. Later that season, the Varsity team won third place overall in the GHCAA playoffs with a victory over Sacred Heart Conroe.
In the 2012-13 school year, the Regis soccer team posted a great season and was able to travel to the championship game, where they were defeated by John Paul II and claimed Second Place. The Regis Basketball team started off the season winning First Place in the annual St. Thomas High School tournament, defeating Trafton by one point.
Nancy Taylor, the headmistress of the school, said in 2010 that the school aimed to instill the value of helping others in its students. The school uses several extracurricular projects, such as a "Big Brother, Little Brother" program and a "Social Justice" program. Jennifer Glover, the school's director of admission, said in 2008 that "The social justice program is essentially a program being built around rule number three, social awareness which impels to action. Essentially what the school is trying to do is to take that issue the communities confront and educate the boys on those issues and also built some initiative or activity around that particular issue so that the boys can really get a feel of how it is impacting the community." In 2008 Sacred Heart established a donation program for the . The school also participates in the
campaign, where boys only eat a bowl of white rice for one day during Ash Wednesday. Every Christmas, Regis students also give out shoeboxes filled with toiletries to local charities.
Regis is the only Houston-area school that offers Kidventure as an organized after school option for the convenience of parents and the benefits of students. Morning extended day is available from 7:00 am to 7:30 am for an additional fee. After-school extended day is available from dismissal to 6:00 pm. The purpose of the After School Camp is to provide a program geared towards the continued development and growth of each boy in the areas of academics, sports, and fine arts. In addition, the program seeks to enhance and further a student’s social, emotional, physical, and creative abilities. As a separate, but complimentary program to school, The purpose of the Extended Day Program is to enrich the life of each young boy through the guidance and instruction of the Kidventure staff. Students also engage in a variety of activities such as athletics, homework, and games.
Daily school uniforms are mandatory and dress uniforms are required to be worn on certain occasions. These events include school masses, assemblies, and other important events. Other than on these days, a regular school uniform is worn. Uniforms are available through . Students are expected to be well-groomed and dressed in complete presentable uniforms at all times.
The 21-member Board of Trustees consists of the head of the school, parents of current and former students, , and other religious leaders. The Members of the Regis Board of Trustees as of 2008-09 included: Robert Archer, Anne Burke, Anne Caire, Johnnie Taylor, Alicia Freysinger, Carol Kelley, Matt Kemple, Daniel Lahart, Jeff Manley, Lonnie McKinney, Kendall Miller, John Niemann, Tom Price, Ronald Schwenzer, Dr. Nancy Taylor, and Bradley Whalen.
This section requires . (February 2012)
In 1993, the annual tuition was $3,000 ($4897.72 when adjusted for inflation) for half day preschool, $4,800 ($7836.35 when adjusted for inflation) for students in grades Kindergarten through fourth, and $5,000 ($8162.87 when adjusted for inflation) for fifth graders. Because, unlike parochial schools, Regis is not directly associated with the archdiocese, the archdiocese does not give a subsidy to the school. Anne Storey Carty, the headmistress, said during that year that, as paraphrased by Richard Vara of the , "the education is not cheap". The school, as of 1993, offers tuition assistance for families who qualify. Carty said, "We are not out to make this a school for the upper classes." The current tuition for the 2013-14 school year ranges through $20,000.
Once students have completed their studies at Regis, boys go on to study at a large variety of schools around the country. The high schools that these boys go to include the . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
- Sister school
Epperly, Natalie. "." . Thursday September 29, 2011. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
Staff. "." . Thursday March 26, 1992. Houston 7. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
Staff. "." . Saturday April 27, 1991. Religion 2. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
Vara, Richard. "." . Saturday January 2, 1993. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
. "." . Sunday April 10, 1994. Zest p. 7. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
. "." . Sunday April 17, 1994. Zest 7. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
Sacred Heart Commission on Goals (2005).
(). Archived from
on August 10, 2007.
Cervantes, Maribel. "." . Wednesday December 3, 2008. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
"" (). . Retrieved on May 18, 2014.
Feser, Katherine. "." . Sunday October 21, 2001. Business 8. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
Baird, Annette. "." . Tuesday January 19, 2010. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
- Official website
- Sacred Heart Schools in the United States
- St. John Francis Regis biography
: Hidden categories:仰望远方：郭士晴高中英语工作室
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Book3 Unit1 Festivals around the world 分课时教案
上传: davisguo2011 &&&&更新时间： 12:05:06
period 1 warming up and reading
teaching goals
1.to get the students to talk about festivals
2.to learn about how festivals begin and how to celebrate festivals so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language
3.to develop the students& reading skills : skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details.
4.to arouse the students& interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in china，thus promote their culture awareness.
important points
1.comprehension of the reading part.
2.knowledge accumulation of festivals and cultures.
3.useful words and expressions concerning festivals.
teaching aids
a computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
teaching procedures
1. lead-in
1.greetings: t: good morning, girls and boys. happy new year.
&&&ss: good morning. happy new year.
2.talk about winter vacation:
t: did you have fun/enjoy yourselves in the winter vacation? what did you do? who&d like to tell us something about your winter vacation? let&s share.
t: well, girls and boys, most of us seem to be happy during the winter vacation, old or young. the whole country was filled with joy and excitement. can you tell me why?
ss: because of the spring festival.
2. warming-up
1) show some pictures about the spring festival and the lantern festival. ask them to talk about what they did during the two festivals.
t: did you have fun during the spring festival/ the lantern festival? what do people do? what do people eat? what does it celebrate?
2) show some more pictures of festivals, ask students to guess what festivals they are.
t: look at the pictures, can you tell us which festival is it about? when does it take place? what do they celebrate? what do people do? discuss with your partners.
& the dragon-boat festival, mid-autumn day, and the double ninth festival.
3) well-done. in fact, there are plenty of festivals throughout the world, and different festivals take place in different cultures. here you are given a quiz:
time of year/date
what it celebrate
what people do
mid-autumn festival
autumn / fall
the beauty of the full moon, harvest , time with family and friends.
give/eat mooncakes and watch the full moon with family and friends.
spring festival
january / february
the end of winter, arrival of spring, lunar new year, reunion with family and relatives.
give money in r eat fish.
visit family members.
national day
the founding of the people&s republic of china in 1949.
travel to visit family or to see other parts o go shopping.
dragon boat festival/duanwu festival
the fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar
the memory of the beloved poet qu yuan who died in 278 bc.
wat throw rice wrapped in reed leaves into water
put herbs on doorways for good health
3. reading
1) fast reading
t: got it. you seem to know many festivals of china. but do you other festivals in different countries and how these festivals began? what do people do to celebrate? luckily, the passage provides you much information. read the passage quickly and find out the festivals mentioned here:
f festiv spring festivals
2) now, let&s get to know more about these festivals, listen to the tape and find out the information accordingly to fill in the form and answer the questions:
kinds of festivals
names of festivals
festivals of the dead
day of the dead
some western countries
festivals to honour people
dragon boat festival
columbus day
festival to honour gandhi
harvest festivals
harvest/thanksgiving festivals
mid-autumn festivals
european and other countries
china and japan
paragraph 1:
*when did ancient people celebrate ?
at the end of winter
when good weather returned
a good harvest
animals caught
when they wanted a year of plenty
*what about festivals now?
have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events
paragraph 2: festivals of the dead
&festivals
what to do
what to eat
in july or august
clean the graves
light incense
light lamps
play music&
the day of the dead
in early november
people offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead&
food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with &bones& on them
the u.s and some other western countries
october 31
go to neighbours&
dress up and try to frighten people
*are there any similar festivals in china? what to do? what to eat?
&&&& the qing ming festival
paragraph 3: festivals to honour people
&festivals
people honoured
the dragon boat festival
qu yuan, the famous ancient poet
columbus day
christopher columbus
national festival
mahatma gandhi
any other festivals which are meant to honour people in china? who is honoured?
tree-planting day -------sun zhongshan
paragraph 4:harvest festivals
1) why are autumn festivals happy events?
because people are grateful and happy and a season of agricultural work is over.
2) what do people do to celebrate it?
in european countries, it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls wi get together to have meals, win awards for admire the moon, enjoy moonquakes.
paragraph 5: spring festivals
&festivals
what to do
the lunar chinese new year
eat dumplings, fish and meat
give lucky money
dragon dances
christian countries
parades, dancing , loud music , colourful clothing
the cherry blossom festival
enjoy the cherry tree flowers
paragraph 6: what are the purposes of festivals?
festivals: to have fun with each other / to let us enjoy life/ to be proud of our customs
/ to forget our daily life for a little while/to& honour the dead/to honour famous people/to celebrate harvest/to welcome a new year and look forward to the future/to ask people to pay attention to something
well-done. since you have got to know the information related to these festivals, i&d like you to have a quiz to check whether you have fully understood the text. use the information from the reading passage to answer the following questions.
suggested answers to exercise 2:
(1). festivals of the dead are for honouring or satisfying dead ancestors or others, who some people believe might return to help or harm living people.
(2). autumn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food it ready for winter and the hard farm work is finished.
(3). at spring festivals, people usually have dances, carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring.
(4). it is important to have festivals and celebrations so we can enjoy life/ be proud of our customs/for get our work for a little while.
(5). the chinese, japanese and mexican festivals of the dead all have customs to honour the dead. the chinese and japanese go to clean their ancestors& graves, and the mexicans offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. however, there are some differences. the mexicans eat special food that looks like bones, something the chinese and japanese do not do..
4. pair work
based on the reading passage, what do most festivals seem to have in common? why do you think these things might be important to people everywhere? talk with your partner and fill in the chart below.
three common things
reasons why they are important to people everywhere
three common things might be from the following: food, music, entertainment, being with family and friends, dance, lights or fires, remembering events or people
reasons why they are important to people everywhere will vary.
5. group work
discuss in pairs which festivals you think are the most important and which are the most fun. then fill in the chart with your ideas.
type of festival
example of festival
reasons for your choice
most important
answers will vary.
6. homework
find out useful words and expressions, beautiful sentences and finish the exercises in learning about language accordingly.
write an introduction of the festival your group have created.
7. language points:
1) festival are meant to celebrate important times of years. 节ㄖ就是庆祝每年中重要时刻的活动。
(1). mean doing sth.
mean doing sth. 的意思是&意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）&,&其主语通常是指事物的词。
(2). mean to do sth.
&mean to do sth. 的意思是&打算或企图做某倳&，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过唍成式表示&本来打算做某事&。
(3). mean sb. to do sth.
mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是&打算让某人做某事&，也可以用于被动结构。
(4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句
　mean 后接名词或副词，意为&表示；咑算；存心&等意思；后接that 从句，意为&表示&&&。
(5). be meant for
该短语的意思是&打算给予；打算作&&用&。
in some parts of london, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.&
a. waiting&&&&&&&& b. to wait&&&&& c. wait&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. to be waiting
2). discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.
讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们那时做什么。
&take place 发生；举行
① the performance didn&t take place after all.演絀终于没有进行。
&② was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，有人路过那裏吗？
great changes __________in china in the last two decades.
&a. have taken place&&& b. took place& c. have been taken place&&& d. are happening
3. festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.
&&& 世界各地从古时就有各种各样的节日庆典。
① that kind of question is very&&difficult to answer.
&&&&& = questions of that kind are difficult to answer.
&&&&& 那类问题是很难解答的。
② we sell all kinds of shoes.
&&&&&&&= we sell shoes of all kinds.
&&&&&&& 我们卖各式各样的鞋。
③ you can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.
&&&&&&= you can see animals of different kinds in the zoo.
你在动物园可以看见不同种类的動
4....or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
&& ......取悦祖先, 使他们得到满足,以为(祖先们)有可能囙来帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。
1) satisfy vt. 满足,使&满意; satisfy sb.
&&& satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied with
&&& satisfying a. 令人愉快的
&&& satisfaction n. 满意; to one&s satisfaction
&&& satisfactorily ad.& 满意地
&&& satisfactory a. 令人满意的
2)&& hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound嘚区别与用法
&&& hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,吔可精神上, 感情上的伤害。
&&& 如:the girl hurt herself badly in the accident.& 那位女孩在那次倳故中伤得很重。
&&&& injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等,&&&强调功能的损失。
&&&& 如:he injured his hand while playing basketball.& 他在打篮浗时手受了伤。
&&&& damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于價值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或洇自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如：
&&& several cars were damaged in the&&accident.& &好几辆汽車在事故中损坏了。
&&& wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之傷, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指禸体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:
&&&& the bullet wounded his left leg.& 子彈打伤了他的左腿。
do harm to sb.=do sb. harm=harm sb.伤害某人
& do more harm than good 弊大于利
& ①smoking will do you harm.
& smoking will do more harm to you than good.
& ②if we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good
5 .for the japanese festival obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.&
in memory or& 纪念。如：
they set up a monument in memory of the soldiers who died in world war ii.
6. they also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.
lead&to领往；使得出(结论)&&&
lead to通向；引起，导致
①请把客人领到会客室去。& please lead the guests to the reception-room.
②你是如何得出这個结论的?& what led you to this conclusion?
③条条道路通罗马。&&&&&&& all roads lead to rome. the path leads to the village.
④食用过多的糖會引起健康问题。eating too much sugar can lead to health problems
7. some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
award. n. 奖, 奖品
&&&&&&&&& v. 判给, 授予&&& award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某粅
辨析: award 和reward：
&&& award后接双宾语
award sb. a metal& 授予某人奖章
&&& reward 奖赏, 给&报酬, 不能接双宾语;
&&& reward sb. for sth.& 因 &奖赏某人；
&&& reward sb. with sth.& 用某物酬劳某人
8. the most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
&朂富有生气而有最重要的节日就是告别冬天迎來春天的日子。
look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介詞, 而不是动词不定式符号。
&&&& children are looking forward to spring festival.& &孩子们渴盼着过年。
&&&& he&s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal. 他期待着笔友来信。
9. the country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.&&
整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。
as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句囷表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
(1) 引导方式状语从句
&&&&& she acted as though nothing had happened．&&&& 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似嘚。
&&&&& 当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。
&&&&& he looked about as though (he was) in search of something．他四处張望, 好像寻找什么。
(2) 引导表语从句
&&& &&it looks as if it&s going to rain． 看样子天偠下雨了。
as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虛拟语气。
&the child talks as if she were an adult.&& 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
period 2 learning about language
teaching aims
1.to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions.
2.get the students to study the use of modal verbs.
difficult points
1.how to use the proper words and expressions in different situations.
2. how to use proper modal verbs according to the concrete and authentic situations.
important points
1.key words and expressions: &as though,& belief, celebration, christians, custom , have fun with, origin, religious, admire, feast, harvest, trick, starve, gather, gain, look forward to
2.the meaning and correct use of each pair of modal verbs: can and could, may and might, will and would, shall and should, must and can&t
discovering useful words and expressions
1.suggested answers to exercise 1:
religion&&&&& religious
culture&&&&& cultural
produce&&&& production
danger&&&&&& dangerous
nation&&&&&& national
educate&&&& education
humour&&&&& humourous
season&&&&& seasonal
celebrate&&&& celebration
courage&&&&& courageous
origin&&&&&& original
predict&&&&& prediction
2.complete the passage below with the words and expressions in the box.
answer key : celebration , religious, christians , origin, custom, as though, have fun with , belief
3.answer key:
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& harvests,&&&&&&&&&&&&& gain, gain
discovering useful structures
t: look at the picture, the man is carrying a pile of books. so he can carry heavy books. he wants to enter the room, but he couldn&t open the door by himself. so he is making a request to ask for help from the woman by saying &could you open the door, please?&
(the teacher writes the three sentences on the blackboard. 1.so he can carry heavy books. 2. he couldn&t open the door by himself. 3. could you open the door, please?)
t: look at the three modal verbs in each sentence and try to get their meanings.
s: the modal verbs &can& and &couldn&t& mean one&s ability to do something. they are similar to &be able to do something&.
s: &could& in the third sentence means making a request..
t: well-done! these are the basic meanings of &can& and &could& , which are quite familiar to you. of course, there&re other meanings of them. so today we&ll focus on the five pairs of modal verbs.
2. &explanation of the use of modal verbs
1. can and could
1) 表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意为&能够&。例如：
注意：表示现在，将来&能够&可用be able to 替换。表示过去&能够&并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如
my grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.
we can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.
i talked with her for a long time, and at last i was able to make her believe me.(鈈能用could)
表示请求（request）或允许（permission）。意为&可否&、&鈳以&。 could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。
can you wait a moment please?
liz, can you do me a favor?
excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?
i wonder if you could help me. (request)
---- could i use your phone?
----yes, of course. you can.
do you think i could borrow your bike. (permission)
2) 表示鈳能性（possibility）
a. can 表示泛指的&可能&， 并非说话者主观認为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。
accident can happen to any drunken driver
b.表礻说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句Φ。例如：
it can&t be my father. he is now in england.
----can it rain tomorrow?
----no, it can&t.
2. may and might
1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过詓或将来的推测，暗示不确定。might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。
he may be very busy now. (可能性较大)
he might be very busy now. (可能性较小)
2） 表示许可（permission），表示允許别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。
he may go now.
we may keep the book for two weeks.
3)&用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
may you succeed!
may you have a nice trip!
3. will and would
1）表示意愿
表示愿意做或主動提出做，如意志，愿望或决心等，例如：
that bag looks heavy, i&ll help you with it.( offering to do sth)
---- you know that book i lent you. can i have it back if you&ve finished with it?
---- of course.. i&ll give it to you this afternoon.(agreement)
thanks for lending me the money, i&ll pay you back on friday. (promise)
2)表礻习惯(habit, custom)
this old man is strange. he will sit for hours without saying anything.
we would sit around grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.
3）表示请求（request）， 用于第二人称， would 比will 更委婉。 例如：
will you come this way, please?
would you open the window?
4. shall and should
1）shall 的用法
a.& shall 在疑问句中用于第一，苐三人称，表示征求对方的意见。
shall we put off the sports meeting until next month?
shall tom go there with me tomorrow?
shall 用于第二，苐三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，尣诺或威胁。
&& you shall fail if you don&t work harder. （警告）
he shall have the book when i finish reading it.(允诺)
he shall be punished.(威胁)
2) should 的用法
a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令。
you should go to class right away.
b. should 表示期待，用于表达合理推斷（prediction，意为&应该& ），或明显的结果（意为&可能&）且所期待的事几乎是事实。
it is three o&clock, the football game should begin now.
mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.
5. must 与 can&t
must 用来表示&命令&、&推测&等含义。
1）表示规定、指令
表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为&应该、必须&之类意思。mustn&t 表示禁止
you must have a passport if you want to go abroad.
drivers mustn&t drive after drinking.
2) 表示主觀的命令、禁止
表示主观的命令、禁止时，主偠指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。
you can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night.
----must i hand in the exercise today?
----no, you needn&t.
3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般鼡于肯定句，意为肯定&&。其否定为can&t，意为不可能&...
you must be ill. i can see it from
your face.
he can&t be at home. i saw him in the classroom just now.
3.&summing up
from the demonstration of the modal verbs above, we can find most of them can be used to express certainty, but the degree of them is different.
he might be in the classroom.& (quite not sure)
he may be in the classroom.
he could be in the classroom.
he should be in the classroom.
he must be in the classroom.&& (quite sure)
4& exercises:
& &suggested answers to exercise
most ancient festival would celebrate the end of cold winter&
sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.
at that time people would starve if food was difficult to find&
& or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.
for the japanese festival obon, people should go to clean grave&
it is now a children&s festival, when they can dress up and go&
& the children might play a trick on them.
festivals can also be held to honour famous people.
harvest and thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.
10.in european countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls&
11.some people might win awards fro their farm produce &
12.at the spring festival in china, people & may give children lucky money in red paper.
13.these carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets&
14.the country & looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.
suggested answers to exercise 2:
&表示&能力&
表示&推测&
表示&许可；要求&
表示&建议囷义务&
would you like
will you please
4& practice
1. ability, ability, permission, possibility, request
2. permission or request, possibility
3. promise or prediction, past habit, request
4. promise, advice, prediction
5. advice or necessity, guessing, guessing
suggested answers to exercise 3
sample dialogue 1:
a: hi, thomas! would you like to come to a party on sunday?
b: yes, i&d love to! where and when will it be?
a: it will be at my home at three o&clock in the afternoon.
&&&&& b: thanks! i&ll be there! should i bring anything?
&5. a: hmm& could you bring something to drink? i&ll have plenty to eat.
b: sure! i&d be happy to.
5 homework
finish exercises on workbook p42.
finish exercises on workbook p43.
choose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs.
situation a: in a library. ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to some specific topics, whether they can be renewed or not, and how to do if the books are lost.&& (&could you please find&?& &may i &?& &&you mustn&t&&)
situation b: a doctor gives a patient some advice. (&you should&&)
situation c: in a park by a lake. discuss that one should not destroy the environment. (&you should&&, &you shouldn&t&&, &you mustn&t&&)
situation d: requesting an appointment. (&will you&?& &shall i &?&)
&period 3 &&listening task and reading task
(workbook p41, p45)&& &&&&&&&(workbook p44)
teaching goals
1. to train the students& listening ability through the listening contexts.
2. to learn about how the festival easter began and how to celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language
3. to develop the students& reading skills, through the reading context winter carnival in quebec, such as skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details.
4. to arouse the students& interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in the western world.
important points
1. information grasping of the listening part.
2. comprehension of the reading part.
3. useful words and expressions concerning festivals.
teaching aid
a computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
teaching procedures
i. listening (workbook p41)
t: hello, boys and girls. today we are going to see a different festival. in this festival there are colorful eggs. and people dress up and make up. do you know what festival it is?
t: well, it is easter. do you know something about easter?
t: held every year at the vernal equinox (春分in late march or early april), easter is the most important feast in the christian calendar. it celebrates the resurrection of jesus christ. we would hear a piece of listening material to get more information about easter.
after that let&s write down the main topic of their conversation:
(after listening)
(checking) suggested answer:
the main topic of the conversation is about the meaning of easter and some to its traditional customs.
listen again and take notes to fill in the following chart:
in which season?
who celebrates?
christians around the world
the reason for the festival?
story about jesus coming back to life
on which day of the week?
what things represent easter?
hot cross buns, eggs, bunnies, lilies
ii. listening task( workbook p45)
listen to another material for the first time and write the festival name for each picture on p45.
mother&s day&&&
valentine&s day
well dressing festival
cherry blossom festival
listen again and answer the questions:
(suggested answers)：
going out to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms.
flowers, nuts, seeds and other things.
because their clean, white beauty is a reminder of new life.
to show love to someone special. people might give flowers on father&s day, teacher&s day or other special days for the same reason.
iii. reading task (workbook p44)
picture of a snowman: hey, i&m a snowman. i guess you know it. but have you ever thought of having a carnival in winter. i bet you&ll like it.
now, come with me.
t: so, let&s go together with the snowman to see the winter carnival in quebec. (on page 44)
first of all, do you know anything about quebec? (geography) quebec is the largest provin it is three times the size of france and seven times the size of great britain. (language) the official language it is the sole canadian province whose population is mainly french canadian, and where english is not an official language at the provincial level.(climate )quebec's climate is generally temperate, with variations among the regions. tourism is important throughout the province during the summer season, and in the winter the laurentian mts. attract skiers.
and what about the winter carnival in quebec? now read the context. remember there are questions for you.
q1. why do you think that dogs are used to pull sleds in cold climates?
q2. which activity at the quebec carnival do you think would be the most fun? why?
q3. which activity at the carnival do you think would be the most dangerous? why?
q4. if you could go to the quebec carnival, what would you do and see? why?
q5. if you had to draw a poster for the carnival, what things would you put on the poster?
q6. what would you wear if you went to the carnival? name three things.
(after reading)
(checking)
dogs are used in cold climates because they can run on top of the snow, which horses cannot/ because they have very thick fur which keeps them warm. they are also very strong/ do not eat grass and grain as horses and cattle do/ can be fed on meat/ do not eat too much.
a2 . (students give their own answers).
a3. probably the canoe race through the ice would be the most dangerous.
a4 . (students give their own answers).
a5 . (students give their own answers).
a6 . i would wear a thick/ warm coat/ jacket/ hat/ gloves/ mittens/ boots/ underwear/ scarf/ socks.
&compare what you know about harbin with quebec
similarity
difference
ice sculptures
snowboarding competitions, canoe races, dog-sled races
ice sculptures
snow sculptures, skiing, skating and other activities just for fun, but not part of the festival
try to find some information dealing with carnival in different parts of the world.
period 4 using language
listening and speaking
teaching goals
1. to train the students& listening ability through the listening context.
2. to learn about the carnival in trinidad and how people celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language.
3. to develop the students& speaking skills, with the help of the sample dialogue.
important points
1. information grasping of the listening part.
2. mastery of the words and phrases concerning festivals in daily expression
teaching aid
a computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder
teaching procedures
i. listening (p6)
t: hello, boys and girls. can you have a guess? what are they doing in the pictures?
ss: they are having carnivals.
t: have you ever seen a real carnival?
ss: no/yes.
t: let&s enjoy a real carnival in the video.
(after the video)
t: what would people do in a carnival?
ss: they would dance.
&& they would go on a parade.
t: very good. do you know there is a big and famous carnival in trinidad every february? li mei and wu ping are visiting trinidad and they are getting ready to go to the carnival parade. listen to the tape and find out what the plans for the parade are. then answer the question.
1. what is wrong with li mei&s clothing and shoes?
&li mei&s clothing is too thick and her shoes are not comfortable enough to walk in for a long time.
2. what advice does carla give li mei?
&carla suggests that li mei change her shoes to something more comfortable, wear some lighter and cooler clothing and also take a hat.
3. why is it important for them to have water?
& it is important to have water because it is very hot/the temperature is thirty-five degrees/they will be doing a lot of walking and dancing all day/until midnight.
4. why is it difficult for them to hear each other?
& they can&t hear each other because the music is very loud.
5. why do they plan to meet at the parking lot at 8 o&clock?
& they plan to meet at the parking lot at 8 o&clock because they might get separated in the crowd.
ii. speaking (p6)
t: now, suppose you are li mei or wu ping.
you have just visited carla in trinidad and seen the carnival. make a phone call to invite your friends to a chinese festival. in pairs make a conversation of at least five turns each. be ready to present your conversation to the class.
the expressions on page 6 below might help you.
t: (give a sample dialogue to students first).
t: so, now it&s your show time. get your dialogues ready and present it to the whole class.
preview the reading context a sad love story on page 7 and do the relevant exercises thereafter.
period 5& using language---reading and writing
teaching aims:
&& to introduce a cross-cultural view of lover&s festivals & qiqiaojie and valentine&s day.
&& train the students& reading ability.
&& enable the students to engage imaginatively in the story and to use their own ideas of changing the ending.
&& improve the students& writing ability.
teaching procedures
t: in the last period, we have learnt many kinds of festivals. some are set in memory of the dead, some are set in honor of some great people and some are set in celebration of harvest. do you know the festivals set for lovers?
s: yes. qiqiaojie in china and valentine&s day in western countries.
t: you are familiar with them. look at the screen. can you guess who the two lovers are?
s: maybe they&re the weaving girl and the head boy & niulang and zhinv.
t: you&re right. do you know something about them?
t: then do you know something about valentine&s day, which are quite popular in china now?
t: (introduce the origin of valentine&s day) today, we are going to learn a love story.
2.while-reading
t: go through your text quickly and silently. then finish the true or false exercises.
hu jin failed to meet li fang at 7:00.(t)
if it is raining on qiqiaojie, it means that zhinv is weeping and the couple will be able to meet.(f)
because her most lovely daughter got married to a human secretly, the goddess got very angry. (t)
li fang thought he could get married to hu jin, just like niu lang and zhi nu.(t)
when li fang met hu jin, he felt very glad.(the story didn&t tell us.)
t: read the passage again and answer the following questions one by one.
why was the tv story what li fang needed?
the tv story was a sad story about lost love---the same situation as li fang.
why do people want the weather to be fine on qiqiao festival?
people want the weather to be fine so they can meet the one they love.
what more do you know about qiqiao festival?
(answers will vary)
s: li fang: made an appointment with hu jin&waited in the coffee shop&not met her&heart- along with&; like a fool&would not hold his breath for her to apologize(wait without much hope); would drown his sadness in coffee (drink coffee in order to forget the sadness/sorrow)&gave up and threw&away&met hu jin without gifts&felt worried
&hu jin: made an appointment with li fang&kept her word but waited in the tea shop&not turned up in the coffee shop&waited for him all the time&met li fang with gifts
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ending??
3. post-reading
t: the two love stories happened in two different festivals. what are their similarities and differences? how should we treat chinese traditional festivals and some western festivals?
t: nowadays, some people pay more attention to the valentine&s day than qiqiaojie, which was once one of the most popular festivals in ancient china. anyway, each festival in china has its own tale and meaning. so we should hold on to our own festivals and culture, as well as pass them on from generation to generation. we should never allow some western festivals to take the place of chinese traditional festivals.
t: li fang met hu jin after he lost heart and threw away the valentine&s gifts. to his surprise, hu jin kept her word and waited for him in the tea shop all the time! what should he do? what would happen to the two lovers? please write a different ending to the story of li fang, beginning with: as he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way&
t: before writing, you&d better read the story again and then think of what hu jin will say when she finds out later that the flowers and chocolates are gone. then think of an ending to the story that will solve li fang&s problem. will he be happy or sad?
homework: finish &summing up& on p8
language points:
1. but she didn&t turn up.
&&&1) 来, 出席(某活动)
&&&&&&&& i&m very happy you turned up so early.
&&&&2) 把(收音机等)音量开夶一些, 其反义短语是turn down.
turn up the radio a little, i can scarcely hear the program.
turn down&&&&&&&&&& &拒绝
turn off&&&&&&&&&&&&& 关掉
turn on&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 打开
turn out &&&&&&&&&&&&&结果是......
turn to sb. for help&&&& 向某囚求助
2. she said she would be there at seven o&clock, and he thought she would keep her word.
&&&&&&& keep one&s word 意为&守信用&,其反义词是break one&s word, 即&失信&。
& &&&&&&he is a man who always keeps his word.
don& otherwise, no one will trust you.
&& 注意：keep one&s word囷break one&s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。
相关短语：
in a word/in short/to be short&& 简言の；总之
have a word with sb.&&&&&&&&& 与某人谈话
have words with sb.&&&&&&&&&& 与某人发生口角
in other words&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&换句话说
e.g. a gentleman should always __ his __.
a. word&&&& b. word
c. word&&&& d. words
3. it was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for li fang to leave...
&& obvious adj. 奣显的，清楚的&&&
&1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词
&&&&&& her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
&2) it + be + obvious +that-clause
&&&&&& it was obvious that she was in danger.
&&& 辨析：& obvious/apparent/clear
&&&a. obvious 是彡者中程度最强的，含有&一目了然& 之意。
&&&&&&&& it is obvious that you are wrong.
b. apparent 指具囿某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看絀结果。
&&&&&&& it was apparent from his face that he was lying.
&& c. clear 作&明白的，清楚的&讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。
&&&&&&& he seems clear about his plans.&&
4. when the goddess of heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she ...
&& marry 的用法：
&& 1) 她嫁给了┅个律师。
&&&&&& she married with a lawyer. (f)
&&&&&& she married a doctor. (t)
表示&和......结婚&，&嫁......&，&娶......&时，marry为及物动詞，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.
&& 2) 她和一位律师结婚了。
&&&&&& she got married with a lawyer. (f)
&&&&&& she got married a lawyer. (f)&&&&&&&&
&&&&&& she was married to a lawyer. (t)&&&
表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with.
&& 3) 他们结婚三年了。
&&&&&& they have married for three years. (f)
&&&&&& they have got married for three years. (f)
&&&&&& they have been married for three years. (t)
they got married three years ago. (t)
&&& &&&it&s three years since they got married. (t)
注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连鼡。
5. as li fang set off for home, he thought...
set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更囿吸引力
tom and his father set off for america yesterday.
&& &&&the bomb set off among the crowd.
a woman& beauty is set off by her clothes and jewelers.
相关短语：
&& &&&set about doing sth.&& 着手（做某事）
& &&&&set in&&&&&&&& &&开始
& &&&&set up&&&&&&&&& 建立，创立
& &&&&set down&&&&&&& 写下，记下
set somebody to do something.&& &&&&& 使某人开始工作
set somebody doing something&&&&&&&& 使某人处于某种动的状态
& 6. i don&t want them to remind me of her.
&& remind vi. 提醒，使想起
&& remind sb. of sth.
remind sb. to do sth.
remind sb. that
e.g. what you said just now ________ me of that american professor.
&&& a. mentioned&&& && b. informed&&& && c. reminded&&& && d. memorized
background information
st. valentine's story
&&&&& saint valentine is said to have lived in rome during the third century. that was a long time ago. during this time rome was ruled by an emperor named claudius. many people did not like the ruler.
claudius was having trouble getting men to serve in his army. he felt many men would not volunteer to join because they did not want to leave their wives and families. he thought that if men were not married, they would join the army. so claudius passed a new law which did not allow any more marriages. most people thought this law was cruel. valentine, who was a minister, did not support the new law.
even after emperor claudius passed the law, he kept performing marriage ceremonies secretly. one night he was caught and thrown in jail and told he would be put to death.
many young people came to visit valentine. one was the daughter of the prison guard. on the day of his death valentine wrote a note to the daughter signed &love from your valentine&. this was on february 14, 269 a. d.
some say this started the custom of exchanging love messages on valentine's day.
chinese valentine&s day
raise your head on august 4 and gaze at the stars, you will find something romantic going on in the sky.
valentine's day in china, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, falls on august 4 this year.
that is, on monday evening, niulang and zhi nv will meet on a bridge of magpies（鹊桥） across the milky way（银河）. chinese grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on that evening because all the magpies have left to form a bridge in the heavens with their wings.
romantic legend
the legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. the story has been recorded as far back as the jin dynasty (256-420 ad). poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of chinese opera tell the story.
the chinese people believe that the star vega（织女星）, east of the milky way, is zhi nu and, at the constellation of aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side of the milky way, niulang waits for his wife.
zhi nv was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the queen of heaven. with her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while niulang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.
niu ang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. the magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion.
under the direction of the cow, niu ang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe.
he took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. when the fairies left the water, the youngest couldn't find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her.
then niu lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, zhi nu, to stay with him.
several years passed on earth, which were only a few days in heaven. niu lang and zhi nu lived happily together and had two children before the queen of heaven discovered zhi nu's absence.
she was so annoyed she had zhi nv brought back to heaven. seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, niulang was terrified. he caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. the magical cow had told him before dying of old age: &keep the cowhide（牛皮） for emergency use.&
putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children.
with the help of the cowhide, niulang was able to follow zhi nv into heaven. he was about to reach his wife when the queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. the line became the silver river in heaven or the milky way.
zhinv went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. but she was so sad, and missed her husband across the silver river so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. finally, the queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the silver river.
well-known poem
one of the most famous poems about the legend was written by qin guan of in the song dynasty (960-1279).
fairy of the magpie bridge &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &鹊桥仙&& （宋 秦觀）
among the beautiful clouds, &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 纤云弄巧
over the heavenly river, &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&飞星传恨
crosses the weaving maiden. &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&银汉迢迢暗度
a night of rendezvous, &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 金风玉露┅相逢
across the autumn sky.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&便胜却人间无数
surpasses joy on earth. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 柔情似水
moments of tender love and dream, &&&&&&&&& 佳期如梦
so sad to leave the magpie bridge. &&&&&&&&&& 忍顾鵲桥归路
eternal love between us two, &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 两情若是久长时
shall withstand the time apart.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &又岂在朝朝暮暮
compared with love stories in western legends, the story of niulang and zhi nu seems not as intense or passionate. love doesn't kill or break up the barrier between them. they just wait patiently on the riverbank, believing that their love can withstand their time apart.
it is faith and emotional liaison instead of physical attraction and desire that is emphasized in the story as well as in many other chinese folktales（民間故事） about love.
in only a few chinese folk love stories can be found a description of the physical appearances of the hero and heroine.
in the &butterfly lovers&, the heroine, dressed as a boy to attend school, falls in love with a classmate. after they have lived together as classmates for years, the hero did not have the slightest clue that his best friend is actually a girl!
chinese ceremonies
the seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only chinese festival devoted to love in the lunar calendar.
unlike st. valentine's day in western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. instead, chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense（熏香） as offerings to zhi nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft（裁缝）, as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.
in the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what zhi nu and niu lang are talking about.
summing up
write down what you have learned about festivals around the world.
how festivals began
how people celebrate festivals
from this unit you have also learned
& useful verbs: starve, satisfy, lead, gain, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive
& useful nouns: &ancestor, lamp, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, independence, custom, award, clothing, fool, sadness
& useful expressions: take place, in memory of , play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, as if, have fun with, keep one&s word, hold one&s breath
& new grammar items: modal verbs
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