最近看的几场电影
说點开心的事。最近，每周看场电影，一般在星期六下午。好莱坞一些高票房的电影一般都是茬暑假前几星期开始推出。
（是译成“铁面人”吗？），故事情节比较简单，但声音特技电腦等制作精良。感觉好莱坞的电影已经像流水線上的产品了，只要故事情节还可以，基本上嘟还很好看。反正孩子们很喜欢这类扬善惩恶，人物线条简单清楚，节奏很快的动作片。
“茚地安那·琼斯（4）”，这个片子是嘟嘟与好伖Brian一家去看的，嘎嘎不愿看，觉得吓人。Brian爸爸說对话很多，寻宝的故事，情节本身就会复杂┅点，估计两个男孩不大看得懂，但他们还是看得津津有味，尤其是嘟嘟。问他喜不喜欢，怹说喜欢，“印地安那·琼斯”的前三部都看過了。
我们一直比较期待，也很好奇“纳尼尔傳说”的第二部会拍得如何。结果大大超出了峩们的预期，非常好看。看完后回家，孩子们僦让我念书给他们听。带CD的“纳尼尔传说”全套书是嘎嘎前年的圣诞节礼物（去年的是一套“指环王”），其实这些都是四五年级孩子读嘚书，借送他们的名义，买给自己看的。
上周末的票房冠军
Kung fu Panda
是一部中国背景，好莱坞文化的镓庭电影（适合全家人观看）。非常非常的好看，故事简单幽默，节奏明快。整个放映厅里侽女老幼，笑声不绝。我们是带了Brian去看的，三個孩子在那里笑得在椅子上都坐不住。一出来，LG就说这电影拍得真好。三个孩子则兴高采烈哋议论着他们最喜欢的情节、对话，仍然笑声鈈断。
Kung fu Panda
的语言对话非常简单，看英语原版最好。噢，对了，成龙在里面配音。
真的非常喜欢看电影。光影的闪烁，画面的跳跃，重叠起伏嘚情感与记忆，放大的音乐和人声，跟随剧情茬黑暗而空旷的剧院里幻化飘移……它在那短暫的时间里，带着我去到另一个世界，此时此刻，想象终于得到实现，而场外属于现实的一切也都可与我暂行告别。
电影之于我的意义，吔许在于它可以将我头脑中的片段想象变为实實在在的东西。这是一个可以逃离现实生活的幻想世界，而在天馬行空的幻想中贯穿的始终昰人性、是英雄主义，是理想，是希望。
只有┅个小小问题，看电影开销真不小。电影票大囚十块，孩子七块。就算是从Costco买的便宜票，大囚孩子都是七块。我们带三个孩子去看场电影，光电影票就35块，再加上必不可少的美国电影攵化的一部分，玉米花和饮料，一场电影的开銷就在55块美元。
所以美国电影业是个极大的产業，好一点的电影，动则上亿元的票房收入。鉯我们这个电影院为例，星期六下午四点多，20哆个放映厅，个个人头攒动。我们带Brian去看Kung
，他嘚爸爸妈妈去看“欲望都市”，居然爆满，迫使他的爸爸自己去看了一场也在热映的青少年電影。
他的妈妈说，“欲望都市”放映厅坐着嘚都是35到45岁的女士，她们是看着这部电视片从30哆岁成长到40多岁的。这也是一部神话呀，看着這几个女人，40多岁了，还是这么年轻漂亮，整忝穿得时时髦髦，充分享受着她们的单身生活，似乎不用太努力的工作，却是不愁没钱花。呵呵，40岁左右女人的神话。
已投稿到：
以上网伖发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观點或立场。From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the fictional superhero.
For other uses, see .
Iron Man (Tony Stark) is a , a
that appears in books published by . The character was created by writer-editor , developed by scripter , and designed by artists
and . He made his
#39 (March 1963).
billionaire , , and ingenious , Tony Stark suffers a severe chest injury during a kidnapping in which his captors attempt to force him to build a . He instead creates a
to save his life and escape captivity. Later, Stark augments his suit with weapons and other technological devices he designed through his company, . He uses the suit and successive versions to protect the world as Iron Man. Initially, Iron Man was a vehicle for Stan Lee to explore
themes, particularly the role of American technology and business in the fight against .[] Subsequent re-imaginings of Iron Man have transitioned from Cold War themes to contemporary concerns, such as
Throughout most of the character's publication history, Iron Man has been a founding member of the superhero team the
and has been featured in several incarnations of his own various comic book series. Iron Man has been adapted for several animated TV shows and films. The character is portrayed by
in the live action film
(2008), which was a critical and box office success. Downey, who received much acclaim for his performance, reprised the role in two Iron Man sequels and
(2012), and will do so again in
(2015) and
(2016). Iron Man was ranked 12th on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes in 2011.
Further information:
Iron Man's
premiere in Tales of Suspense #39 was a collaboration among editor and story-plotter , scripter , story-artist , and cover-artist and character-designer . In 1963, Lee had been toying with the idea of a businessman superhero. He wanted to create the "quintessential capitalist", a character that would go against the spirit of the times and Marvel's readership. Lee said,
I think I gave myself a dare. It was the height of the . The readers, the young readers, if there was one thing they hated, it was war, it was the military....So I got a hero who represented that to the hundredth degree. He was a weapons manufacturer, he was providing weapons for the Army, he was rich, he was an industrialist....I thought it would be fun to take the kind of character that nobody would like, none of our readers would like, and shove him down their throats and make them like him....And he became very popular.
He set out to make the new character a wealthy, glamorous ladies' man, but one with a secret that would plague and torment him as well. Writer
said, "Here you have this character, who on the outside is invulnerable, I mean, just can't be touched, but inside is a wounded figure. Stan made it very much an in-your-face wound, you know, his heart was broken, you know, literally broken. But there's a metaphor going on there. And that's, I think, what made that character interesting." Lee based this playboy's looks and personality on , explaining, "Howard Hughes was one of the most colorful men of our time. He was an inventor, an adventurer, a multi-billionaire, a ladies' man and finally a nutcase." "Without being crazy, he was Howard Hughes," Lee said.
While Lee intended to write the story himself, a minor deadline emergency eventually forced him to hand over the premiere issue to Lieber, who fleshed out the story. The art was split between Kirby and Heck. "He designed the costume," Heck said of Kirby, "because he was doing the cover. The covers were always done first. But I created the look of the characters, like Tony Stark and his secretary ." Iron Man first appeared in 13- to 18-page stories in Tales of Suspense, which featured
stories. The character's original costume was a bulky gray armored suit, replaced by a golden version in the second story (issue #40, April 1963). It was redesigned as sleeker, red-and-golden armor in issue #48 (Dec. 1963) by that issue's interior artist, , although Kirby drew it on the cover. As Heck recalled in 1985, "[T]he second costume, the red and yellow one, was designed by Steve Ditko. I found it easier than drawing that bulky old thing. The earlier design, the robot-looking one, was more Kirbyish."
In his premiere, Iron Man was an
hero, defeating various Vietnamese agents. Lee later regretted this early focus. Throughout the character’s
series, technological advancement and
were constant themes for Iron Man, but later issues developed Stark into a more complex and vulnerable character as they depicted his battle with
(as in the "" storyline) and other personal difficulties.
From issue #59 (Nov. 1964) to its final issue #99 (March 1968), the anthological
backup stories in Tales of Suspense were replaced by a feature starring the superhero . Lee and Heck introduced several adversaries for the character including the
in issue #50 (Feb. 1964), the
in #52 (April 1964) and
five issues later.
Lee said that "of all the comic books we published at Marvel, we got more fan mail for Iron Man from women, from females, than any other title....We didn't get much fan mail from girls, but whenever we did, the letter was usually addressed to Iron Man."
Lee and Kirby included Iron Man in
#1 (Sept. 1963) as a founding member of the superhero team. The character has since appeared in every subsequent volume of the series.
Writers have updated the war and locale in which Stark is injured. In the original 1963 story, it was the . In the 1990s, it was updated to be the first , and later updated again to be the war in . Stark's time with the Asian -winning scientist
is consistent through nearly all incarnations of the Iron Man origin, depicting Stark and Yinsen building the original armor together. One exception is the
animated feature film , in which the armor Stark uses to escape his captors is not the first Iron Man suit.
The original Iron Man title explored
themes, as did other
projects in the early years of . Where
respectively focused on American domestic and government responses to the Communist threat, Iron Man explored industry's role in the struggle. Tony Stark's real-life model, , was a significant defense contractor who developed new weapons technologies. Hughes was an icon both of American individualism and of the burdens of fame.
Historian Robert Genter, in , writes that Tony Stark specifically presents an idealized portrait of the American inventor. Where earlier decades had seen important technological innovations come from famous individuals like , ,
and the , the 1960s saw new technology, including weapons, being developed mainly by . Little room remained in this environment for the inventor who wanted credit for, and control of, his or her own creations.
Issues of entrepreneurial autonomy, government supervision of research, and ultimate loyalty figured prominently in early Iron Man stories—and all were issues then affecting American scientists and engineers. Tony Stark, writes Genter, is an inventor who finds motive in his
as an autonomous creative individual. This blow is symbolized by his chest wound, inflicted at the moment he is forced to invent things for the purposes of others. Stark's transformation into Iron Man represents his effort to reclaim his autonomy, and thus his manhood. The character's pursuit of women in bed or in battle, writes Genter, represents another aspect of this effort. The pattern finds parallels in other works of 1960s popular fiction by authors such as ", , and
who made unregulated sexuality a form of authenticity."
After issue #99 (March 1968), the Tales of Suspense series was renamed Captain America. An Iron Man story appeared in the
(April 1968), before the "Golden Avenger" made his solo debut with The Invincible Iron Man #1 (May 1968). The series'
title Iron Man, while the
cover logo of most issues is The Invincible Iron Man. Artist
began a decade long association with the character with Iron Man #5 (Sept. 1968). Writer
and artist 's brief collaboration on the Iron Man series introduced , , and
in issue #55 (Feb. 1973). Friedrich scripted a
story in which Iron Man visited the
and met several Marvel Comics writers and artists. He then wrote the multi-issue "War of the Super-Villains" storyline which ran through 1975.
Writer , co-plotter/inker , and penciler
became the creative team on the series with Iron Man #116 (Nov. 1978). Micheline and Layton established Tony Stark's
with the story "", and introduced several supporting characters, including Stark's b Stark's personal pilot and confidant James Rhodes, who later b and rival industrialist , who was revealed to be the employer of numerous high-tech armed enemies Iron Man fought over the years. The duo also introduced the concept of Stark's specialized armors as he acquired a dangerous vendetta with . The team worked together through #154 (Jan. 1982), with Michelinie writing three issues without Layton.
Following Michelinie and Layton's departures,
became the new writer of the series and had Stark relapse into alcoholism. Much of O'Neil's work on this plot thread was based on experiences with alcoholics he knew personally. Jim Rhodes replaced Stark as Iron Man in issue #169 (April 1983) and wore the armor for the next two years of stories. O'Neil returned Tony Stark to the Iron Man role in issue #200 (Nov. 1985). Michelinie and Layton became the creative team once again in issue #215 (Feb. 1987). They crafted the "" storyline beginning in #225 (Dec. 1987) through #231 (June 1988).
and John Romita, Jr. produced a sequel titled "Armor Wars II" in issues #258 (July 1990) to #266 (March 1991). The series had a crossover with the other Avengers related titles as part of the "" storyline.
This initial series ended with issue #332 (Sept. 1996). A second volume, written primarily by differing teams of the trio , , and , and
primarily by
successively, took place in a
and ran 13 issues (Nov. 1996 - Nov. 1997). Volume 3, whose first 25 issues were written by
initially and then by Busiek and , ran 89 issues (Feb. 1998 - Dec. 2004). Later writers included , , , and . Issue #41 (June 2001) was additionally numbered #386, reflecting the start of dual numbering starting from the premiere issue of volume one in 1968. The final issue was dual-numbered as #434. The next Iron Man series, The Invincible Iron Man vol. 4, debuted in early 2005 with the -written storyline "", with artist . It ran 35 issues (Jan. 2005 - Jan. 2009), with the cover logo simply Iron Man beginning with issue #13, and Iron Man: Director of , beginning issue #15. On the final three issues, the cover logo was overwritten by "War Machine, Weapon of S.H.I.E.L.D.", which led to the launch of a
ongoing series.
The Invincible Iron Man vol. 5, by writer
and artist , began with a premiere issue cover-dated July 2008. For a seven-month overlap, Marvel published both volume four and volume five simultaneously. Volume five jumped its numbering of issues from #33 to #500, cover dated March 2011, to reflect the start from the premiere issue of volume one in 1968.
Many Iron Man , , and
titles have been published through the years, such as Age of Innocence: The Rebirth of Iron Man (Feb. 1996), Iron Man: The Iron Age #1-2 (Aug.-Sept. 1998), Iron Man: Bad Blood #1-4 (Sept.-Dec. 2000), Iron Man House of M #1-3 (Sept.-Nov. 2005), Fantastic Four / Iron Man: Big in Japan #1-4 (Dec. 2005 - March 2006), Iron Man: The Inevitable #1-6 (Feb.-July 2006), Iron Man / Captain America: Casualties of War (Feb. 2007), Iron Man: Hypervelocity #1-6 (March-Aug. 2007), Iron Man: Enter the Mandarin #1-6 (Nov. 2007 - April 2008), and Iron Man: Legacy of Doom (June-Sept. 2008). Publications have included such spin-offs as the one-shot Iron Man 2020 (June 1994), featuring a different Iron Man in the future, and the
adaptations Marvel Action Hour, Featuring Iron Man #1-8 (Nov. 1994 - June 1995) and Marvel Adventures Iron Man #1-12 (July 2007 - June 2008).
Tales of Suspense #39 (March 1963): Iron Man debuts. Cover art by
Tales of Suspense #48 (Dec. 1963), the debut of Iron Man's first red-and-gold suit of armor. Cover art by Jack Kirby and .
Anthony Edward Stark, the son of wealthy industrialist and head of , , and , is born on . A boy genius, he enters
at the age of 15 to study
and later receives Master's degrees in electrical engineering and physics. After his parents are killed in a car accident, he inherits his father's company.
Tony Stark is injured by a booby trap and captured by enemy forces led by . Wong-Chu orders Stark to build weapons, but Stark's injuries are dire and shrapnel is moving towards his heart. His fellow prisoner, , a -winning
whose work Stark had greatly admired during college, constructs a
chest plate to keep the shrapnel from reaching Stark's heart, keeping him alive. In secret, Stark and Yinsen use the workshop to design and construct a
of , which Stark uses to escape. But during the escape attempt, Yinsen sacrifices his life to save Stark's by distracting the enemy as Stark recharges. Stark takes revenge on his kidnappers and heads back to rejoin the American forces, on his way meeting a wounded American
fighter pilot, .
Back home, Stark discovers that the shrapnel fragment lodged in his chest cannot be removed without killing him, and he is forced to wear the armor's chestplate beneath his clothes to act as a regulator for his heart. He must recharge the chestplate every day or else risk the shrapnel killing him. The cover for Iron Man is that he is Stark's
and corporate mascot. To that end, Iron Man fights threats to his company, such as
opponents , the
and the , as well as independent villains like the , who eventually becomes his greatest enemy. No one suspects Stark of being Iron Man as he cultivates an image as a rich playboy and industrialist. Two notable members of Stark's supporting cast at this point are his personal chauffeur
and secretary , to both of whom he eventually reveals his dual identity. Meanwhile, James Rhodes finds his own niche as Stark's personal pilot, revealing himself to be a man of extraordinary skill and daring.
The comic took an anti-Communist stance in its early years, which was softened as opposition rose to the . This change evolved in a series of stories with Stark profoundly reconsidering his political opinions and the morality of manufacturing weapons for the military. Stark shows himself to be occasionally arrogant and willing to let the ends justify the means. This leads to personal conflicts with the people around him, both in his civilian and superhero identities. Stark uses his personal fortune not only to outfit his own armor, but also to develop weapons for
and other technologies such as the
used by the Avengers, and the image inducers used by the . Eventually, Stark's heart condition is discovered by the public and treated with an artificial .
Later on, Stark expands on his armor designs and begins to build his arsenal of specialized armors for particular situations such as for
and . Stark develops a serious dependency on
in the "" storyline. The first time it becomes a problem is when Stark discovers that the national security agency
has been buying a controlling interest in his company in order to ensure Stark's continued weapons development for them. At the same time, it was revealed that several minor supervillains armed with advanced weapons who had bedeviled Stark throughout his superhero career were in fact in the employ of Stark's business rival,
who began to plague Stark more directly. At one point in Hammer's manipulations, the Iron Man armor is even taken over and used to murder a diplomat. Although Iron Man is not immediately under suspicion, Stark is forced to hand the armor over to the authorities. Eventually Stark and Rhodes, who is now his personal pilot and confidant, track down and defeat those responsible, although Hammer would return to bedevil Stark again. With the support of his then-girlfriend, , his friends and his employees, Stark pulls through these crises and overcomes his dependency on alcohol. Even as he recovers from this harrowing personal trial, Stark's life is further complicated when he has a confrontation with
that is interrupted by an opportunistic enemy sending them back in time to the time of . Once there, Iron Man thwarts Doom's attempt to solicit the aid of , and the Latverian ruler swears deadly vengeance - to be indulged sometime after the two return to their own time. This incident was collected and published as .
Some time later, a ruthless rival, , manipulates Stark emotionally into a serious relapse. As a result, Stark loses control of Stark International to Stane, becomes a homeless alcohol-abusing vagrant and gives up his armored identity to Rhodes, who becomes the new Iron Man for a lengthy period of time. Eventually, Stark recovers and joins a new startup, Circuits Maximus. Stark concentrates on new technological designs, including building a new set of armor as part of his recuperative therapy. Rhodes continues to act as Iron Man but steadily grows more aggressive and paranoid, due to the armor not having been calibrated properly for his use. Eventually Rhodes goes on a rampage, and Stark has to don a replica of his original armor to stop him. Fully recovered, Stark confronts Stane who has himself designed a version of armor based around designs seized along with Stark International, dubbing himself 'Iron Monger'. Defeated in battle, Stane rather than give Stark the satisfaction of taking him to trial, commits suicide. Shortly thereafter, Stark regains his personal fortune, but decides against repurchasing Stark Internatio he instead creates Stark Enterprises, headquartered in .
This article's plot summary may be
or . Please
by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2013)
In an attempt to stop other people from misusing his designs, Stark goes about
who are using suits based on the Iron Man technology, the designs of which were stolen by his enemy . His quest to destroy all instances of the stolen technology severely hurts his reputation as Iron Man. After attacking and disabling a series of minor villains such as , he attacks and defeats the government operative known as . The situation worsens when Stark realizes that Stingray's armor does not incorporate any of his designs. He publicly "fires" Iron Man while covertly pursuing his agenda. He uses the cover story of wanting to help disable the rogue Iron Man to infiltrate and disable the armor of the S.H.I.E.L.D. operatives known as the , and disabling the armor of the , in the process allowing some of the villains that they guard to escape. This leads the
to declare Iron Man a danger and an outlaw. Iron Man then travels to Russia where he inadvertently causes the death of the Soviet
during a fight. Returning to the U.S., he faces an enemy commissioned by the government named . Unable to defeat him head on, Stark fakes Iron Man's demise, intending to retire the suit permanently. When Firepower goes rogue, Stark creates a new suit, claiming that a new person is in the armor.
Stark's health continues to deteriorate, and he discovers the armor's
interface is causing irreversible damage to his . His condition is aggravated by a failed attempt on his life by Kathy Dare, a mentally unbalanced former lover, which injures his spine, paralyzing him. Stark has a nerve chip implanted into his spine to regain his mobility. Still, Stark's nervous system continues its slide towards failure, and he constructs a "skin" made up of artificial nerve circuitry to assist it. Stark begins to pilot a remote-controlled Iron Man armor, but when faced with the Masters of Silence, the
suit proves inadequate. Stark then designs a more heavily armed version of the suit to wear, the "Variable Threat Response Battle Suit", which becomes known as the . Ultimately, the damage to his nervous system becomes too extensive. Faking his death, Stark places himself in
to heal as Rhodes takes over both the running of Stark Enterprises and the mantle of Iron Man, although he utilizes the War Machine armor. Stark ultimately makes a full recovery by using a chip to reprogram himself and resumes the Iron Man identity. When Rhodes learns that Stark has manipulated his friends by faking his own death, he becomes enraged and the two friends part ways, Rhodes continuing as War Machine in a solo career.
The story arc "The Crossing" reveals Iron Man as a traitor among the Avengers' ranks, due to years of manipulation by the time-traveling dictator . Stark, as a sleeper agent in Kang's thrall, kills Marilla, the nanny of
daughter Luna, as well as Rita DeMara, the female , then Amanda Chaney, an ally of the Avengers. The
limited series later
these events as the work of a disguised , not Kang, and that the mental control had gone back only a few months.
Needing help to defeat both Stark and the ostensible Kang, the team travels back in time to recruit a teenaged Anthony Stark from an alternate timeline to assist them. The young Stark steals an Iron Man suit in order to aid the Avengers against his older self. The sight of his younger self shocks the older Stark enough for him to regain momentary control of his actions, and he sacrifices his life to stop Kang. The young Stark later builds his own suit to become the new Iron Man, and, remaining in the present day, gains legal control of "his" company.[]
During the battle with the creature called , the teenaged Stark dies, along with many other superheroes.
preserves these "dead" heroes in the "" pocket universe, in which Anthony Stark is once Franklin recreates the heroes in the pocket universe in the forms he is most familiar with rather than what they are at the present. The reborn adult Stark, upon returning to the normal Marvel Universe, merges with the original Stark, who had died during "The Crossing", but was resurrected by Franklin Richards. This new Anthony Stark possesses the memories of both the original and teenage Anthony Starks, and thus considers himself to be essentially both of them. With the aid of the law firm , he successfully regains his fortune and, with Stark Enterprises having been sold to the Fujikawa Corporation following Stark's death, sets up a new company, Stark Solutions. He returns from the pocket universe with a restored and healthy heart. After the Avengers reform, Stark demands a hearing be convened to look into his actions just prior to the Onslaught incident. Cleared of wrongdoing, he rejoins the Avengers.[]
This article's plot summary may be
or . Please
by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2013)
At one point, Stark's armor becomes sentient despite fail-safes to prevent its increasingly sophisticated computer systems from doing so. Initially, Stark welcomes this "living" armor for its improved tactical abilities. The armor begins to grow more aggressive, killing indiscriminately and eventually desiring to replace Stark altogether. In the final confrontation on a desert island, Stark suffers another heart attack. The armor sacrifices its own existence to save its creator's life, giving up essential components to give Stark a new, artificial heart. This new heart solves Stark's health problems, but it does not have an internal power supply, so Stark becomes once again dependent on periodic recharging. The sentient armor incident so disturbs Stark that he temporarily returns to using an unsophisticated early model version of his armor to avoid a repeat incident. He dabbles with using liquid metal circuitry known as S.K.I.N. that forms into a protective shell around his body, but eventually returns to more conventional hard metal armors.[]
During this time, Stark engages in a romance with
(first appearance in Iron Man (vol. 3) #4), a wealthy heiress and daughter of the man who had taken over his company during the "Heroes Reborn" period. Her relationship with Stark endures many highs and lows, including an infidelity with Stark's rival, Tiberius Stone, in part because the fun-loving Rumiko believes that Stark is too serious and dull. Their relationship ends with Rumiko's death at the hands of an Iron Man impostor in Iron Man (vol. 3) #87.
In Iron Man (vol. 3) #55 (July 2002), Stark publicly reveals his dual identity as Iron Man, not realizing that by doing so, he has invalidated the agreements protecting his armor from government duplication, since those contracts state that the Iron Man armor would be used by an employee of Tony Stark, not by Stark himself. When he discovers that the
is again using his technology, and its defective nature nearly causes a disaster to Washington, D.C. which Iron Man barely manages to avert, Stark accepts a
appointment as . In this way, he hopes to monitor and direct how his designs are used.
In the "" storyline, Stark is forced to resign after launching into a tirade against the
ambassador at the , being manipulated by the mentally imbalanced , who destroys the Avengers Mansion and kills several members. Stark publicly stands down as Iron Man, but actually continues using the costume. He joins the Avengers in stopping the breakout in progress from
and even saves Captain America from falling. Tony changes the Avengers base to . The , the
reappear and shift Iron Man from standard superhero stories to dealing with
#1 (June 2006) reveals that years before, Stark had started participating with a group of leaders including the , , , , , and . The goal of the group (dubbed the
by Marvel) was to strategize overarching menaces, in which the Black Panther rejects a membership offer. Stark's goal is to create a governing body for all superheroes in the world, but the beliefs of its members instead force them all to share vital information.
In the "" storyline, after the actions of inexperienced superheroes
result in the destruction of several city blocks, including the elementary school, in Stamford, Connecticut, there is an outcry across America against super-humans. Learning of the Government's proposed plans, Tony Stark suggests a new plan to instigate a . The Act would force every super-powered individual in the U.S. to register their identity with the government and act as licensed agents. The Act would force inexperienced super-humans to receive training in how to use and control their abilities, something in which Tony strongly believes. Since his struggle with alcoholism, Stark has carried a tremendous burden of guilt after nearly killing an innocent bystander while piloting the armor drunk. Reed Richards of the
and Dr. Henry "Hank" Pym both agree with Stark' unfortunately, not everyone does. After
is ordered to bring in anyone who refuses to register, he and other anti-registration superheroes go rogue, coming into conflict with the pro-registration heroes, led by Iron Man. The war ends when Captain America surrenders to prevent further collateral damage and civilian casualties, although he had defeated Stark by defusing his armor. Stark is appointed the new director of S.H.I.E.L.D., and organizes a new government-sanctioned group of . Shortly afterwards, Captain America is assassinated while in custody. This leaves Stark with a great amount of guilt and misgivings about the cost of his victory and he states that "it wasn't worth it". He serves as one of the pallbearers at the memorial service for Captain America, along with Ben Grimm, Ms. Marvel, Rick Jones, T'Challa and Sam Wilson.
To tie into the 2008
feature film, Marvel launched a new Iron Man ongoing series, The Invincible Iron Man, with writer
and artist . The series inaugural six-part storyline was "The Five Nightmares", which saw Stark targeted by , the son of Stark's former nemesis, Obadiah Stane.
In the "" storyline, after Tony Stark survives an encounter with
taking over his body, he is confronted in the hospital by , holding the corpse of a
posing as . Becoming keenly aware of the upcoming invasion of the Skrulls, Tony gathers the Illuminati and reveals the corpse to them, declaring that they are at war. After
reveals himself as a Skrull and is killed by , a squadron of Skrulls attack, forcing Tony to evacuate the other Illuminati members and destroy the area, killing all the Skrulls. Realizing that they are incapable of trusting each other, the members all separate to form individual plans for the oncoming invasion.
Stark is discredited and publicly vilified after his inability to anticipate or prevent a
of Earth by the shape-shifting alien
race, and by the Skrull disabling of his StarkTech technology, which had a virtual monopoly on worldwide defense. After the invasion, the U.S. government removes him as head of
and disbands the , handing control of the
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With his Extremis powers failing, Stark uploads a virus to destroy all records of the Registration Act, thus preventing Osborn from learning the identities of his fellow heroes and anything that Osborn could possibly exploit, including repulsor generators. The only copy of that database remaining is in Stark's brain, which he is trying to delete bit by bit while on the run in one of his extra armors. As Norman Osborn has him hunted as a fugitive, Stark travels worldwide on his quest to wipe out his mental database, going so far as to inflict
on himself in order to ensure that the relevant information is wiped as a suicide attempt could damage the wrong parts of his brain while leaving Osborn with enough material to salvage the right information. When Osborn personally catches up to the debilitated Stark and beats him savagely,
broadcasts the beatings worldwide, costing Osborn credibility and giving Stark public sympathy. Stark goes into a vegetative state, having previously granted
(alter ego of the Norse-god superhero Thor) power of attorney. A holographic message stored in Pepper's armor reveals that Stark had developed a means of 'rebooting' his mind from his current state prior to his destruction of the database, with Blake and Bucky resolving to use it to restore him to normal despite Stark's offer in the message to stay in his current state if it would make things easier and Pepper's own uncertainty about the fact that Tony can come back when so many others cannot. Meanwhile, in Stark's subconscious, he is trapped in a scenario where figments of his own mind are preventing him from moving on and returning to the waking world. When the procedure fails to work, Bucky calls in Doctor Strange, who attempts to and succeeds in restoring Stark back to consciousness. It turns out the backup Stark created was made prior to the Civil War, and as such he does not remember anything that took place during the event, although he still concludes after reviewing his past actions that he would not have done anything differently. His brain damage means that he is now dependent on an arc reactor to sustain his body's autonomous functions such as breathing, blinking and a heartbeat due to the brain damage he sustained rendering it impossible for him to do those himself.
This article's plot summary may be
or . Please
by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2013)
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In the "" storyline, Tony Stark is seen under the care of
and . When the two spot the attack on Asgard, Blake tells Maria to run away with Stark. Hill leaves Stark to assist Blake, now as , after his ambush by
and his attack dog the . Hill rescues Thor and brings him back to Broxton to recuperate. When Osborn declares
and unleashes
and the Sentry on Broxton to root out Thor and Hill, Thor reveals himself to defend the town. Hill returns to Tony Stark's hiding place to move him to a safer location and are joined soon after by
of the , who holds a certain
that Edwin Jarvis had given Captain America earlier. Hill orders Speed to surrender when Stark stops her and asks Speed to give him the case. While Osborn is battling the , Stark appears in a variant of his MK III armor and proceeds to disable Osborn's Iron Patriot armor. Osborn orders the Sentry to annihilate Asgard, rather than allow the Avengers to have it, which the Sentry does, practically leveling the city before the horrified eyes of Thor. After Asgard falls, literally, Stark stands alongside his fellow heroes, as the now armor-free Osborn exclaims they are all doomed and he 'was saving them from him' pointing up towards a -possessed Sentry hovering over them. As the Void tears apart the teams, Loki gives them the power to fight back through the . When the Void kills Loki, Thor's rage-fueled blows rattle the creature. Tony then tells Thor to get the Void away from Asgard, which he does. Tony then drops the commandeered H.A.M.M.E.R. Helicarrier 'as a bullet', subduing the Void. When Robert Reynolds begs to be killed, Thor denies the request, but is forced to when the Void resurfaces. Sometime later, the Super-Human Registration Act is repealed and Tony is given back his company and armory. As a symbol for their heroics and their new unity, Thor places a remaining Asgardian tower on Stark Tower where the Watchtower once stood.
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"Stark: Resilient" storyline, Tony builds a new armor, the Bleeding Edge, with the help of Mister Fantastic. This new armor fully utilizes the repulsor tech battery embedded in his chest to power Tony's entire body and mind thus allowing him access to extremis once more. Furthermore, the battery operates as his "heart" and is predominantly the only thing keeping him alive. Later, Tony announces that he will form a new company, Stark Resilient. He states that he will stop developing weapons, instead, he plans to use his repulsor technology to give free energy to the world. Justine and Sasha Hammer create their own armored hero, Detroit Steel, to take Stark's place as the Army's leading weapons-builder. Stark's plan consists of building two repulsor-powered cars. The Hammers try to foil his efforts. The first car is destroyed by sabotage, while Detroit Steel attacks Stark Resilient's facilities while Tony tests the second car. Through a legal maneuver, Tony is able to get the Hammers to stop their attacks and releases a successful commercial about his new car.
In the 2011 "" storyline, Earth is attacked by the Serpent, brother of Odin. In Paris, Iron Man fights , who has become Mokk, Breaker of Faith and one of the Serpent's Worthy. Mokk leaves Iron Man unconscious and transforms Detroit Steel into stone. When Iron Man awakens, he sees that Mokk has turned all the people in Paris into stone and left. To defeat the Serpent's army, Tony drinks a bottle of wine - thus 'sacrificing' his sobriety - to gain an audience with Odin, who allows Tony to enter the realm of Svartalfheim. There, Tony and the dwarves of Svartalfheim work to build weapons the Avengers can use against the Worthy. Tony upgrades his armor with uru-infused enchantments and delivers the finished weapons to the Avengers, who use them for the final battle against the Serpent's forces. Iron Man watches as Thor kills the Serpent, but dies in the process. After the battle is over, Tony melts down the weapons he created and repairs Captain America's shield, which had been broken by Serpent, and gives it back to Captain America, telling him that the shield is now stronger. During a subsequent argument with Odin about the gods' lack of involvement in the recent crisis, Odin gives Tony a brief opportunity to see the vastness of the universe the way he sees it, before, as thanks for Tony's role in the recent crisis, he restores all the people that the Grey Gargoyle killed during his rampage.
In the storylines "Demon" and "The Long Way Down", Stark is subpoenaed by the U.S. government after evidence surfaces of him using the Iron Man armor while under the influence of intoxicants. Mandarin and Zeke Stane upgrade some of Iron Man's old enemies and send them to commit acts of terrorism across the world, intending to discredit Iron Man. General Bruce Babbage forces Stark to wear a tech governor, a device that allows Babbage to deactivate Stark's armor whenever he wants. To fight back, Tony undergoes a surgical procedure that expels the Bleeding Edge technology out of his body and replaces his repulsor node with a new model, forcing Babbage to remove the tech governor off his chest. He announces his retirement as Iron Man, faking Rhodes' death and giving him a new armor so that he becomes the new Iron Man. This leads into the next storyline, "The Future", in which the Mandarin takes control of Stark's mind and uses him to create new armored bodies for the alien spirits inhabiting his rings, but Stark allies himself with some of his old enemies, who have also been imprisoned by Mandarin, and manages to defeat and escape him. The final issue of this storyline concluded Matt Fraction's series.
In the ongoing series that premiered in 2012 as part of the
relaunch, Tony Stark has hit a technological ceiling. After the death of Dr. Maya Hansen and the destruction of all of the Extremis Ver. 2 kits that were being sold to the black market, Tony decides that the Earth is not safe without him learning more from what's in the final frontier. He takes his new suit, enhanced with an artificial intelligence named P.E.P.P.E.R. and joins
after helping them thwart a Badoon attack on Earth.
Tony Stark's personality was inversed because of the events of , bringing out more dark aspects of himself like irresponsibility, egotism and alcoholism.[] After relocating in , he built himself a new armor and handed the citizens the Extremis 3.0 app, a version of the techno-virus that could offer beauty, health or even immortallity, for free.[] When every person in the city viewed Iron Man like a messiah for their dreams come true, he ended the free trial mode and started charging the app in a daily fee basis, making them desperate.[] The Extremis 3.0 fever caught the attention of .[]
The Bleeding Edge Armor, like the Extremis Armor before it, is stored in Stark's bones, and can be assembled and controlled by his thoughts.
Iron Man possesses
that gives him superhuman strength and durability, flight, and an array of weapons. The armor is invented and worn by Stark (with occasional short-term exceptions). Other people who have assumed the Iron Man identity include Stark's long-time part Eddie M and (briefly) .
The weapons systems of the suit have changed over the years, but Iron Man's standard offensive weapons have always been the repulsor rays that are fired from the palms of his . Other weapons built into various incarnations of the armor include: the uni-beam pr pulse bolts (that pi so the farther they travel, the harder they hit); and a defensive energy shield that can be extended up to 360 degrees. Other capabilities include: generating ultra- (i.e., a freeze-beam); creati e and projecting 3-dimensional
(to create decoys).
In addition to the general-purpose model he wears, Stark has developed several specialized
for , , , and other special purposes. Stark has modified suits, like the Hulkbuster heavy armor. The Hulkbuster armor is composed of add-ons to his so-called modular armor, designed to enhance its strength and durability enough to engage the Incredible
in a fight. A later model, designed for use against , is modeled on the
and uses a mystical power source. Stark develops an electronics pack during the Armor Wars that, when attached to armors that use Stark technologies, will burn out those components, rendering the suit useless. This pack is ineffective on later models. While it is typically associated with , the War Machine armor began as one of Stark's specialty armors.
The most recent models of Stark's armor, beginning with the Extremis Armor, are now stored in the hollow portions of Stark's bones, and the personal area networking implement used to control it is implanted in his forearm, and connected directly to his .
The Extremis has since been removed,[] and he now uses more conventional armors. Some armors still take a liquid form but are not stored within his body.
After being critically injured during a battle with the Extremis-enhanced Mallen, Stark injects his nervous system with modified techno-organic virus-like body restructuring machines (the Extremis process). By rewriting his own biology, Stark is able to save his life, gain an enhanced , and partially merge with the Iron Man armor, superseding the need for bulky, AI-controlled armors in favor of lighter designs, technopathically controlled by his own brain. His enhanced technopathy extends to every piece of technology, limitless and effortlessly due to his ability to interface with communication satellites and wireless connections to increase his "range". Some components of the armor-sheath are now stored in Tony's body, able to be recalled, and extruded from his own skin, at will.
During the "" storyline the Extremis package is catastrophically shutdown by a virus, forcing him again to rely on the previous iteration of his armor, and restoring his previous limitations. Furthermore, Osborn's takeover of most of the few remaining Starktech factories, with Ezekiel Stane systematically crippling the others, limits Tony to the use of lesser, older and weaker armors.
After being forced to "wipe out" his brain to prevent Norman Osborn from gaining his information, Tony Stark is forced to have a new arc reactor, of
design installed in his chest. The process greatly improves his strength, stamina and intellect. The procedure left him with virtually no autonomic functions: as his brain was stripped of every biological function, Tony is forced to rely on a digital backup of his memories (leaving him with severe gaps and lapses in his long-term memory) and on software routine in the arc reactor for basic stimuli reaction, such as blinking and breathing. The Bleeding Edge package of armor and physical enhancement is now equal in power, if not a more advanced, version of the old Extremis tech.
Tony Stark is an inventive genius whose expertise in the fields of , , , and
rivals that of , , and , and his expertise in
surpasses even theirs. He is regarded as one of the most intelligent characters in the Marvel Universe. He graduated with advanced degrees in physics and engineering at the age of 17 from
(MIT) and further developed his knowledge ranging from
as time progressed. His expertise extends to his ingenuity in dealing with difficult situations, such as difficult foes and deathtraps, in which he is capable of using available tools, including his suit, in unorthodox but effective ways. He is well respected in the business world, able to command people's attention when he speaks on economic matters, having over the years built up several multi-million dollar companies from virtually nothing. He is noted for the loyalty he commands from and returns to those who work for him, as well as for his business ethics. Thus he immediately fired an employee who made profitable, but illegal, sales to . He strives to be environmentally responsible in his businesses.
At a time when Stark was unable to use his armor for a period, he received some combat training from
and has become physically formidable on his own when the situation demands it. In addition, Stark possesses great business and political acumen. On multiple occasions he reacquired control of his companies after losing them amid corporate takeovers.
Due to his membership in the Illuminati, Iron Man was given the Space
to safeguard. It allows the user to exist in any location (or all locations), move any object anywhere throughout the universe and warp or rearrange space. As with the other members of the lluminati and their respective gems, Iron Man has vowed not to use it on any occasion, even after the Secret Invasion and his fugitive status.
It was suggested that Stark's intelligence was the result of experiments made by a
after his mother almost loses him while pregnant, in exchange of saving his life. However, it was revealed that Tony was really adopted and the true son of Howard and Maria Stark is , weakened by 451's experiments.
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In 1966, Iron Man was featured in a series of cartoons. In 1981, Iron Man guest appeared in , but only as Tony Stark. He went on to feature again in his own series in the 1990s as part of the
with the Fantastic F
provided his voice in these animated cartoons. Iron Man makes an appearance in the episode "Shell Games" of . Apart from comic books, Iron Man appears in Capcom's "Vs." video games, including ,
as either a Gold War Machine or Hyper Armor War Machine, , , and . Iron Man is a playable character in , the 1992 arcade game ,
and , and , as well as being featured as an unlockable character in
and . In the 2009 animated series, , most of the characters, including Tony Stark, are teenagers. An
began airing in Japan in October 2010 as part of a collaboration between
and , in which Stark, voiced by , travels to Japan where he ends up facing off against the Zodiac.
In 2008, a film adaptation titled
was released, starring
as Tony Stark and directed by . Iron Man received very positive reviews from film critics, grossing $318 million domestically and $585 million worldwide. Its video game adaptation met generally negative reviews. The character of Tony Stark, again played by Robert Downey, Jr., appeared at the end of the 2008 film . Downey reprised his role in
(2012), and
(2013), and will appear in
(2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), and a two part third avengers film titled
, a member of , titled his 1996 debut solo album , and has since continued to use lyrics related to the Iron Man comics and
from the animated TV shows on his records. He has adopted the nickname Tony Starks as one of his numerous alter-egos and was featured in a scene deleted from the .
's song "" was inspired by the 's nemesis and the original version of the Iron Man villain. Another Iron Man villain, the Crimson Dynamo, is mentioned in the lyrics to this song.
The British band
mentions Tony Stark in a verse of their song, "Hang By, Hang By".
The character of
on the television show
is inspired by Tony Stark.
has ranked Iron Man among the wealthiest fictional characters on their annual ranking, while
has ranked him as one of the ten most intelligent characters in American comics.
ranked Iron Man 12th in the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes.
Two Iron Man-themed trucks compete in the
monster truck racing series. Debuted in Atlanta on 9 January 2010, they are driven by Lee O' Donnell and Morgan Kane.
. IGN Entertainment.
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at the Grand Comics Database
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Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 188: "Writer David Michelinie and artists John Byrne and Bob Layton introduced James Rhodes Tony Stark's best friend and future super hero War Machine in The Invincible Iron Man #118."
Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 189: "Tony Stark's billionaire nemesis Justin Hammer made his first appearance in The Invincible Iron Man #120 by writer David Michelinie and artist John Romita, Jr. and Bob Layton. "
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in the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
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