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blogAbstract:'Oracle 11g的数据库，打算将SGA设大一点，11g 中有一个新特新 MEMORY_TARGET，于是尝一下鲜，结果报 ORA-00845
SQL& alter system set memory_max_target=3G scope=& & System altered. & SQL& alter system set memory_target=2G scope=&&&&&& & System altered. & SQL&& SQL& shutdown immediate& Database closed. ',
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本次机会已经送出，可复制一下链接给好友!oracle ora故障处理集合
ORA-00001~ORA-00100
ORA-00201~ORA-00300
ORA-00401~ORA-00500
ORA-00601~ORA-00700
ORA-00801~ORA-00900
ORA-01001~ORA-01100
ORA-01201~ORA-01300
ORA-01401~ORA-01500
ORA-01601~ORA-01700
ORA-01801~ORA-01900
ORA-02001~ORA-02100
ORA-02201~ORA-02300
ORA-02401~ORA-02500
ORA-03201~ORA-03300
ORA-4001~ORA-04100
ORA-07201~ORA-07300
ORA-07401~ORA-07500
ORA-09801~ORA-09900
ORA-12001~ORA-13000
ORA-12401~ORA-12500
ORA-012601~ORA-12700
ORA-12801~ORA-12900
ORA-14001~ORA-14100
ORA-15001~ORA-15100
ORA-16001~ORA-16100
ORA-16401~ORA-16500
ORA-19201~ORA-19300
ORA-19801~ORA-19900
ORA-20001~ORA-20100
ORA-26601~ORA-26700
ORA-27001~ORA-27100
ORA-27201~ORA-27300
ORA-28001~ORA-28100
ORA-29801~ORA-29900
ORA-30001~ORA-30100
ORA-31601~ORA-31700
ORA-00101~ORA-00200
ORA-00301~ORA-00400
ORA-00501~ORA-00600
ORA-00901~ORA-01000
ORA-01101~ORA-01200
ORA-01501~ORA-01600
ORA-01701~ORA-01800
ORA-01901~ORA-02000
ORA-03101~ORA-03200
ORA-06501~ORA-06600
ORA-08101~ORA-08200
ORA-09901~ORA-10000
ORA-12101~ORA-12200
ORA-12501~ORA-12600
ORA-13501~ORA-13600
ORA-14501~ORA-14600
ORA-15101~ORA-15200
ORA-16101~ORA-16200
ORA-19501~ORA-19600
ORA-19901~ORA-20000
ORA-21701~ORA-21800
ORA-25101~ORA-25200
ORA-27101~ORA-27200
ORA-27301~ORA-27400
ORA-27501~ORA-27600
ORA-27901~ORA-28000
ORA-29301~ORA-29400
ORA-29701~ORA-29800
ORA-29901~ORA-30000
ORA-32001~ORA-32100
ORA-39101~ORA-39200
ORA-39001~ORA-39100
ORA-44001~ORA-44100Oracle 11g 安装配置手册【誉天OCP培训视频】--誉天IT认证下载站
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Oracle 11g 安装配置手册【誉天OCM李光老师OCP培训视频】
誉天OCM李光老师Oracle 11g OCP培训视频试听课：安装Oracle 11g R2讲解目标：在Linux系统中安装Oracle 11g R2 讲师：武汉誉天教育 Oracle OCM讲师李光老师下载地址：
Oracle 11g 安装手册【誉天OCM李光老师-Oracle OCP视频配套配置】
准备工作安装介质的下载 ---&downloads---&Database---oracle11 企业版--》选择的平台
下载联机手册（目标：我讲什么 你找出文档那章节讲该内容）
1块硬盘安装操作系统234块用于实现ASM 存储数据5块硬盘用于存储FRA
安装：1 阅读手册 软件和硬件认证 2 选择版本 企业版 标准版本3 选择数据库存储数据的地方： 文件系统& asm (选择） oracle 建议
Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 安装前的准备工作& About Installing the Linux Operating System&检查ssh安装& :# rpm -qa |grep ssh&安装所有包
2.2 Logging In to the System as root xhost 授权xhost + 授予任何访问xserver服务 图形显示
远程借助的是xmanager 打开xmanager-passive& 看端口export DISPLAY=192.168.2.111:0.0xhost +xclock 图形显示
2.3 Checking the Hardware Requirements
Minimum: 1 GB of RAM&Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more&?To determine the RAM size, enter the following command:&# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
Between 1 GB and 2 GB& 1.5 times the size of the RAMBetween 2 GB and 16 GB& Equal to the size of the RAMMore than 16 GB& 16 GB# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command:
Automatic Memory Management& 自动管理内存 32位1.7G
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file de&#115 criptors. The size of the shared memory must be at least the greater of the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer. If the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET parameter or the MEMORY_TARGET parameter is set to a nonzero &#118alue, and an incorrect size is assigned to the shared memory, it results in an ORA-00845 error at startup. On Linux systems, if the operating system /dev/shm mount size is too small for the Oracle system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), it results in an ORA-00845 error.
The number of file de&#115 criptors for each Oracle instance must be at least 512*PROCESSES. The limit of de&#115 criptors for each process must be at least 512. If file de&#115 criptors are not sized correctly, you see an ORA-27123 error from various Oracle processes and potentially Linux Error EMFILE (Too many open files)in non-Oracle processes.
笔记：&MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET && /dev/shm
To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command:
[root@yutian ~]# df -h /dev/shm/Filesystem&&&&&&&&&&& Size& Used Avail Use% Mounted ontmpfs&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1014M&&&& 0 1014M&& 0% /dev/shm
&# df -h /dev/shm/
On the Initialization Parameters page, note the Memory Size (SGA and PGA), which sets the initialization parameter MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET. The initialization parameters cannot be greater than the shared memory file system on the operating system. For example, if the shared memory file system allocation on your system is 1 GB, but you set Memory Size (MEMORY_TARGET) to 2 GB, then the following error messages are displayed during database startup:&ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this systemORA-01078: Failure in processing system parameters
# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=10g /dev/shm&To make this change persistent across system restarts, add an entry in /etc/fstab similar to the following:vim /etc/fstab&shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=10g 0
System Architecture# uname -m
2.3.2 System Architecture[root@yutian ~]#& uname -mi686
2.3.3 Disk Space Requirements &1 GB of space in the /tmp directory&To determine the amount of space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:&# df -h /tmp
?The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86:Installation Type& Requirement for Software Files (GB)Enterprise Edition&& 3.95Standard Edition&&&& 3.88&Installation Type& Disk Space for Data Files (GB)Enterprise Edition& 1.7Standard Edition& 1.5
2.4 Checking the Software RequirementsOperating System Requirements
[root@yutian ~]# cat /proc/versionLinux version 2.6.18-164.el5 () (gcc version 4.1.2
(Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009[root@yutian ~]#& lsb_release -idDistributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServerDe&#115 cription:&&& Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)[root@yutian ~]#
Kernel RequirementsFor Linux x86 On Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 52.6.18 or laterTo determine if the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:&# uname -r
2.4.3 Package RequirementsOracle依赖的包列表：binutils-2.17.50.0.6compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3elfutils-libelf-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125gcc-4.1.2gcc-c++-4.1.2glibc-2.5-24glibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5glibc-headers-2.5ksh-libaio-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106libgcc-4.1.2libstdc++-4.1.2libstdc++-devel 4.1.2make-3.81sysstat-7.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11检查命令：rpm -qa |grep 包名如果有没有安装的包，则到Redhat的光盘下，进入 Packages目录，使用rpm -ivh [要安装的软件包].rpm进行安装。mount /dev/cdrom /mnt cd /mnt/Server rpm -ivh libaio-devel使用tab键自动补齐
2.4.5.6 Browser Requirements已经安装
2.9 Checking the Network Setupifconfig hostname
修改/etc/hosts文件127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.2.1 yutianedu
ping 测试是否解析正确
2.10 Creating Required Operating System Groups and UsersDepending on if this is the first time Oracle software is being installed on this system and on the products that you are installing, you may have to create several operating system groups and users. 第一次安装oracle软件需要创建用户和组
If you prefer to allocate operating system user privileges so that you can use one administrative user and one group for operating system authentication for all administrative privileges, then you can use the oracle user as the installation owner, and use one group as the primary group for any user requiring administrative privileges for Oracle ASM, and Oracle Database administration. This group must also be the Oracle Inventory group. To simplify using the defaults for Oracle tools the group name should be oinstall.oracle Inventory group 建议为oinstall 在这里目录里看到你安装哪些软件
You can also create custom configuration groups and users based on job role separation. A custom configuration is a configuration with groups and users that divide access privileges granted by membership in separate operating system groups and users. You can create a single user (for example, oracle) to own both Oracle Database, and Oracle Grid Infrastructure installations. Alternatively, you can create a separate user (for example, grid) to own the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.oralce 数据管理者是 oracle grid 结构管理者是 grid
2.10.1.1 Understanding Restrictions for Oracle Installations with Job Role Separation
Oracle recommends that you create one software owner to own each Oracle software installation (typically, oracle, for the database software and grid for the Oracle Restart owner user). You must create at least one software owner the first time you install Oracle software on the system.
To create separate Oracle software owners, to create separate users, and separate operating system privileges groups for different Oracle software installations, each of these users must have the Oracle central inventory group (oraInventory group) as their primary group. Members of this group have write privileges to the Oracle central inventory (oraInventory) directory, and and are also granted permissions for various Oracle Restart resources and directories in the Oracle Restart home to which DBAs need write access, and other necessary privileges. In Oracle documentation, this group is represented as oinstall in code examples. See "Creating the Oracle Inventory Group".
oralce grid 账户主组一定是oinstall&&
The database software owner (typically, oracle) must also have the OSDBA group of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home so that database instances can log on to Oracle ASM, and (if you create it) the OSOPER group as secondary groups. In Oracle documentation, the Oracle software owner users are referred to as oracle users.oralce 附属组 dba (可以使用grid)
The Oracle Database, and the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installation owner users (oracle and grid respectively) must belong to the Oracle Inventory group (oinstall).
Each Oracle software owner must be a member of the same central inventory group. You cannot have more than one central inventory for Oracle installations. If an Oracle software owner has a different central inventory group, then you may corrupt the central inventory.
For Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, the grid user (grid) must be in the OSDBA group of every database home.
2.10.1.2 Database Groups for Job Role Installations& 关于oracle database 用户Create the following operating system groups if you are installing Oracle Database:
The OSDBA group (typically, dba)
You must create this group the first time you install Oracle Database software on the system. This group identifies operating system user accounts that have database administrative privileges (the SYSDBA privilege). The name used for this group in Oracle code examples is dba.
The OSOPER group for Oracle Database (typically, oper)
This is an optional group. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of database administrative privileges (the SYSOPER privilege). This group cannot directly connect as SYSOPER, unless explicitly granted. However, they have the privileges granted by the SYSOPER privilege. By default, members of the OSDBA group have all privileges granted by the SYSOPER privilege.
Oracle Universal Installer prompts you to specify the name of this group. The usual name chosen for this group is oper.
2.10.1.3 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Groups for Job Role Installations （关于grid用户的）
Create the following operating system groups if you are installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure:
Note:You can designate a unique group, separate from database administrator groups, or you can use the same group as the OSASM and OSDBA groups, to grant system privileges to administer both the Oracle ASM instances and Oracle Database instances.The OSDBA group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmdba)
The OSDBA group for Oracle ASM can be the same group used as the OSDBA group for the database, or you can create a separate OSDBA group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmdba) to provide administrative access to Oracle ASM instances.
The Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner (typically, grid) must be a member of the OSDBA group. Membership in the OSDBA group enables access to the files managed by Oracle ASM. If you have a separate OSDBA group for Oracle ASM, then the Oracle Restart software owner must be a member of the OSDBA group for each database and the OSDBA group for Oracle ASM.
The OSASM group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmadmin)
SYSASM privileges for Oracle ASM files provide administrator privileges for storage file. In Oracle documentation, the operating system group whose members are granted SYSASM privileges is called the OSASM group, and in command lines, is referred to as asmadmin. Oracle ASM can support multiple databases.
Members of the OSASM group can use SQL to connect to an Oracle ASM instance as SYSASM using operating system authentication. The SYSASM privileges permit mounting and dismounting of disk groups, and other storage administration tasks. SYSASM privileges provide no access privileges on an RDBMS instance.
If you do not designate a separate group as the OSASM group, then the OSDBA group you define is also, by default, the OSASM group.
The OSOPER group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmoper)
This is an optional group. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of Oracle instance administrative privileges (the SYSOPER for ASM privilege), including starting up and stopping the Oracle ASM instance. By default, members of the OSASM group also have all privileges granted by the SYSOPER for ASM privilege.
If you want to have an OSOPER group for Oracle ASM, then the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner must be a member of this group.
创建用户和组#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall#/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper#/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin#/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba#/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmoper#useradd& -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle# passwd oracle # id oracle# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper&& grid# passwd grid # id grid 验证用户 nobody 存在：节点上存在用户 nobody，要确定该用户是否存在，输入以下命令：# id nobodyuid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody)groups=99(nobody)
为安装用户设置资源限制要改善 Linux 系统上的软件性能，必须对 Oracle 软件所有者用户（grid、oracle）增加以下资源限制：Shell 限制&&& limits.conf 中的条目&&& 硬限制打开文件描述符的最大数&&&& nofile&& 65536可用于单个用户的最大进程数&&&& nproc&16384进程堆栈段的最大大小&&&& stack&10240
以 root 用户身份，在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中添加如下内容， vim /etc/security/limits.confgrid soft nproc 2047grid hard nproc 16384grid soft nofile 1024grid hard nofile 65536grid soft stack& 10240oracle soft&&& nproc&& 2047oracle hard&&& nproc&& 16384oracle soft&&& nofile& 1024oracle hard&&& nofile& 65536oracle soft&&& stack&& 10240
vim /etc/pam.d/loginsession&&& required&&&& pam_limits.so
shell 的限制对默认的 shell 启动文件进行以下更改，以便更改所有 Oracle 安装所有者的 ulimit 设置：&对于 Bourne、Bash 或 Korn shell，通过运行以下命令将以下行添加到 /etc/profile 文件：&vim /etc/profile &if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then &if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then &ulimit -p 16384 &ulimit -n 65536 &else &ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 &fi &umask 022 &fi
&对于 C shell（csh 或 tcsh），通过运行以下命令将以下行添加到 /etc/csh.login 文件：& cat && /etc/csh.login &&EOFif ( /$USER == "oracle" || /$USER =="grid" ) thenlimit maxproc 16384limit de&#115 criptors 65536endifEOF&
2.12 Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linuxvim /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 8net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
生效# /sbin/sysctl -p
2.13 Identifying Required Software Directories创建目录结构2.13.1 Oracle Base Directory&mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle&chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
&mkdir -p /u01/app/grid &chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
&chmod -R 775 /u01
2.20 Configuring the oracle User's Environment设置Oracle用户环境变量：cd /home/oraclevim .bash_profile &export ORACLE_SID=orcl &export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle &export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0/db_1 &export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib &export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH &umask 022 & 11.设置grid用户环境变量cd /home/grid vim .bash_profile &export ORACLE_SID=+ASM &export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid &export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.0&export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib &export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH &umask 022 &
The Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server is the Oracle software that provides system support for an Oracle database including volume management, file system, and automatic restart capabilities. If you plan to use Oracle Restart or Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server is the software that includes Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM. Oracle combines the two infrastructure products into a single set of binaries that is installed as the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.
Oracle ASM is a volume manager and a file system for Oracle database files that supports single-instance Oracle Database and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) configurations. Oracle ASM also supports a general purpose file system for your application needs including Oracle Database binaries. Oracle ASM is Oracle's recommended storage management solution that provides an alternative to conventional volume managers, file systems, and raw devices.
一个独立的服务器是Oracle网格基础架构的Oracle软件提供了系统支持的Oracle数据库，包括卷管理，文件系统，并自动重新启动功能。如果您打算使用Oracle重新启动或Oracle自动存储管理（Oracle ASM），那么你必须安装Oracle网格基础架构，然后再安装并创建数据库。一个独立的服务器是Oracle网格基础架构的软件，其中包括甲骨文重新启动和Oracle的ASM。甲骨文融合成一个单一的二进制文件的安装的Oracle网格基础架构家的两个基础设施
Oracle ASM是Oracle数据库文件，支持单实例Oracle数据库和Oracle真正应用集群（Oracle RAC）配置的卷管理器和文件系统。Oracle的ASM还支持通用文件系统为您的应用程序的需要，包括Oracle数据库二进制文件。 Oracle ASM是Oracle的建议的存储管理解决方案，提供了一种替代传统的卷管理器，文件系统和原始设备。&甲骨文重新启动改进你的Oracle数据库的可用性提供了以下：&当有硬件或软件故障时，Oracle会自动重新启动启动所有Oracle组件，包括Oracle数据库实例，Oracle网络监听程序，数据库服务，和Oracle的ASM。&甲骨文在数据库主机重新启动时按正确的顺序重新启动启动组件。& 甲骨文重新启动运行，定期检查，以监视其状态的Oracle组件。如果检查操作失败的一个组件，然后在组件关闭并重新启动。
Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation& grid安装需求1 Memory Requirements内存需求 &Minimum: At least 1.5 GB of RAM for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone S &&&&&&&& at least 1 GB of additional RAM if you plan to install Oracle Database after installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server.&Recommended: 4 GB of RAM or more if you plan to install both Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server and Oracle Database.
swap要求&Between 1.5 GB and 2 GB&&& 1.5 times the size of the RAMBetween 2 GB and 16 GB&&&& Equal to the size of the RAMMore than 16 GB&&&&&&&&&&& 16 GB检查命令# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
Disk Space Requirements 磁盘需求&At least 5.5 GB of disk space.&&At least 1 GB of space in the /tmp directory.df -k /tmp
Configuring the User's Environment 配置用户环境
Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Using the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver (ASMLIB)& 安装asmlib驱动程序&确认自己系统版本& uname Crm[grid@yutian ~]$ uname -rm2.6.18-164.el5 i6862 下载对应的软件软件下载地址：3安装，注意安装顺序su - rootrpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.i386.rpm rpm -ivh oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpmrpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh *
检查是否安装&rpm -qa |grep oracleasm
&确保selinux是关闭的vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled& 运行配置脚本，准备ASMLib驱动程序/etc/init.d/oracleasm configuregridasmadminyy&启用ASMLib驱动程序/etc/init.d/oracleasm enable 如果当前操作系统的内核和编译ASMLib的内核不同，那么上面的操作将会出错，请检查/var/log/messages文件，确认需要更新的系统内核版本。&7 添加init文件使系统启动时自动加载ASMLib$ su C& cd /etc/rc3.d&ln -s ../init.d/oracleasm S99oracleasm&ln -s ../init.d/oracleasm K01oracleasm
&cd /etc/rc5.d/
注意：如果系统启动是自动进入图形界面，也就是系统的init level是5，那么上面生成链接的命令应该在/etc/rc5.d目录中操作。重新启动系统，确认ASMLib已经可以自动加载&lsmod | grep oracleasmoracleasm&&&&&&&&&&&&& 14224&& 1&&dmesg | grep oracleasmASM: oracleasmfs mounted with options: &&fdisk -l& &==查看系统都挂载了那些磁盘fdisk /dev/sdbm 帮助 n 创建分去& p主分区&& w保存最后使用partprobe 生效分区fdisk - l查看
asm卷管理功能 给分区取名--创建ASM磁盘
& 创建ASM磁盘注意：VOL* :这里必须要大写，否则会出错/dev/sdb*：这里可以是整块未分区的硬盘也可以是硬盘的分区。/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1& /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK2 /dev/sdc1/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK3 /dev/sdd1/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK4 /dev/sde1注意：DISK1...一定是大写& 查看已标记为ASMLib的硬盘/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks& &==查看已标记为ASMLib的硬盘
开始安装export DISPLAY=192.168.2.111:0.0切到grid用户，然后开始安装clusterware：注意：在11gr2中external &= 1normal &=3high &=5指定$ORACLE_BASE 和 $GRID_BASE解决依赖包后重新安装：在65%的地方很容易卡住，等很长时间。注意检查防火墙状态。
创建DATA 存储数据asmca 创建fra用于恢复区
安装数据库软件解压软件的时候一定要2个包都要解压su - oracle
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