英语阅读理解100篇题

2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译 真题译文+ 题目翻译
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在2006年电影版的《时尚女魔头》中,梅丽尔&斯特里普扮演的米兰达&普雷斯丽责备她其貌不扬的女助手,因为她认为高端时尚并不能影响到自己。普雷斯丽说明了她助手的深蓝色毛衣如何在数年间从时尚秀场降到百货商店,又沦为便宜货。毫无疑问,这个贫穷的女孩肯定就是从便宜货里淘的衣服。
这种自上而下的时尚商业观早已过时了, 也和伊丽莎白&克莱因在《过度穿着》中描写的狂热世界不一致。《过度穿着》是伊丽莎白&克莱因花了三年时间写成的对 &快时尚&的控诉作品。在过去十年左右的时间,技术的进步已经使得诸如Zara、H&M、优衣库之类的大众市场品牌能够对流行趋势反应得更快,并能更准确的预料到消费者的需求。更快的转变意味着更少的存货浪费、更频繁的发布新品、更高的利润。这些品牌鼓励对时尚敏感的消费者把衣服当成是一次性用品&&洗过一两次后就不再穿了,尽管他们没在广告上明说&&然后每几周就更新衣橱。克莱因说,这些品牌通过以极其低廉的价格销售时髦的商品,已经把持了时尚的周期,动摇了一个习惯以季节为周期的产业。
当然,这场变革的受害者,不仅仅是设计师们。为了能在其全世界2300多家商店里以5.95美元的价格出售超短裙,H&M必须依赖低工资的海外劳动力、大批量采购原材料导致严重危害自然资源、并大量使用有害的化学物质。
《过度穿着》就仿佛是时尚界交给像迈克尔&波伦的《杂食者的困境》一样的消费者维权畅销书的答案。&大批量生产的服装,就好像快餐一样,充满着渴望和需求,却既不耐用也不经济&,克莱因说到。她发现,美国人每年要买大约200亿件服装&&平均每人64件&&无论他们捐赠多少,这种无节制的购买行为都导致浪费。
在《过度穿着》的结尾,克莱因介绍了她的理想典范,一个叫萨拉&凯特&博蒙特的布鲁克林女人,她从2008年起就自己做所有的衣服,而且做得相当漂亮。不过正如克莱因是第一个注意到的那样,博蒙特花了几十年完善自己的手艺,她的事例不能轻易复制。
尽管包括H&M在内的几家快时尚公司已经努力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响,引入了绿色环保自觉生产线,克莱因相信只有消费者才能促成持久的变革。她展示了对于无论在食物还是在能源方面都提倡可持续性的人而言共同的理想主义。虚荣是常态,人们只有在付不起钱的时候才会开始以更加可持续的方式购物。
21. 普雷斯丽批评她的助手,因为她
A 不善于讨价还价
B 对时尚不敏感
C 对高端时尚痴迷
D 缺乏想象力 但为君故系列 2
22. 根据克莱因,大众市场品牌使消费者
A 反对不必要的浪费
B 排斥狂热的时尚界
C 抵抗广告的影响
D 更频繁的买衣服
23.第二段第三行单词&indictment&最接近哪一个意思
24.下列哪项可以从最后一段推知?
A 理想主义者更虚荣。
B 快时尚业不考虑可持续性。
C 人们对买不起的衣服更感兴趣。
D 定价对环保的购物至关重要。
25.文章的题目是什么?
A 对奢侈生活方式的讽刺
B 对高端时尚神话的挑战
C 对快时尚业的批评
D 对大众市场秘密的揭露
有句老话说的好,一半的广告预算都浪费了&&麻烦的是,没人知道哪一半浪费了。在互联网时代,至少在理论上,可以大大减少这种浪费。通过观察人们搜索什么、点击什么、在网上说些什么,公司可以锁定目标,将&行为&广告(即,&有作为的&或&有用的&广告)投放给最有可能的购买产品的人。
在过去几周,三次交易和一次争论已经向广告商(以及他们的软件提供商)展示了这种经过精细处理的信息的价值:广告商应该假设人们喜欢被跟踪,并发送行为广告吗?还是他们应该先得到明确的许可才行?
在2010年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会提出,应该在网络浏览器上添加&拒绝跟踪&(DNT)选项,这样一来,用户就可以告诉广告商他们不想被追踪。微软公司的IE浏览器和苹果公司的Safari浏览器都提供拒绝跟踪;谷歌公司的Chrome浏览器今年也即将要提供类似功能。在二月份,联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟达成一致,浏览器开发业要继续努力,以应对拒绝跟踪的要求。
5月31日,微软公司率先采取行动:该公司发布公告称,在该公司的新操作系统windows8中的IE10浏览器上,将会默认附带拒绝跟踪选项。
广告商们诚惶诚恐。人性使然,人们总是习惯保持默认的设置。现在几乎没人打开&拒绝跟踪&按钮,可如果跟踪处于关闭状态,就会一直是关闭状态。鲍勃&利奥狄斯是数字广告联盟的成员组织之一&&全国广告协会&&的首席执行官。他说如果软件业无法收集到关于消费者喜好的信息,那消费者只能境况更糟。人们不会少收到广告,他说,&他们会收到更没意义更没针对性的广告。&
现在还不清楚广告商们会怎样采取行动。拒绝跟踪信号并不会强制任何人停止跟踪,尽管有些公司(包括推特公司在内)已经承诺收到拒绝跟踪信号就会停止跟踪。由于无法辨认人们是真正反对行为广告,还是他们只是没有改动微软的默认设置,有些公司可能会忽视拒绝跟踪信号,依然强行跟踪。
同样不清楚的是,微软为什么要孤军奋战。毕竟,微软自己也有广告业务,却声称自己的广告业务也要遵守拒绝跟踪要求,不过它也还在寻求解决办法。如果微软试图激怒几乎完全依赖广告业务的谷歌,那么它就已经选择了一个间接的方法:并不能保证默认拒绝跟踪模式会成为标准范例。虽然公司以前还拿自己的其他几个产品同谷歌的产品在这方面做过比较,但拒绝跟踪也不像是windows8的巨大卖点。微软首席隐私官布兰登&林奇在博客中写到:&我们相信用户应该有更多的操控权限。&真是那么简单吗?
26. 第一段暗示,&行为&广告帮助广告商
A ]缓和互相之间的竞争
B 降低运营成本
C 避免消费者投诉
D 提供更好的在线服务
27. 第三段第六行的&the industry&指的是
A 在线广告商
B 电子商务者
C 数字信息分析
D 互联网浏览器开发者
28. 鲍勃&利奥狄斯认为将拒绝跟踪作为默认设置会
A 减少垃圾广告的数量
B 不会对广告业造成影响
C 不会使消费者获益
D 和人的本性相违背
29. 根据第六段,下列哪项是真的?
A 拒绝跟踪可能无法达到它本来的意图
B 广告商乐意执行拒绝跟踪
C 拒绝跟踪在消费者中不再受欢迎
D 广告商不得不提供行为广告
30. 针对布兰登&林奇在博客中所写的话,作者的态度是
直到几十年前,我们对未来的想象虽千奇百怪,却大都很积极乐观。科学和技术可以治愈人类所有的疾病,让人们过上满足的生活,让人人都有机会。
现如今这种空想的美好社会已经过时了,我们对面临的威胁范围有了更深刻的认识,从行星撞击到流行感冒到气候变化。你可能忍不住会想,人类都没有什么未来值得盼望了。
但是这种沮丧的情绪也不应该。化石资料表明很多物种存活了几百万年&&那么我们怎么就不能活那么久呢?眼光放宽一点,想想我们这个物种在宇宙中的位置,就很容易发现,哪怕不能活上几十万年,我们也很可能活上几万年。查阅一下国际自然保护联盟发布的濒危物种红名单上对我们人类(智人)的描述,你会读到:非危物种,因为该物种分布很广,适应性强,目前数量呈上升趋势,且没有造成其总体数量下降的主要威胁。
那么,我们的未来究竟承载着什么呢?越来越多的研究者和机构现在正在仔细思考这个问题。比如,今日永存基金会的首要项目就是设计一个今后几千年仍然可以度量时间的医疗时钟。
思考这么大跨度的时间概念可能本来就比琢磨眼下的将来更容易许多。今日的技术如何演变,以及由此带来的社会影响,实在纷繁复杂,让人炫目。最好还是让科幻作家和未来学家去设想那些诸多可能发生的事情吧。这也是我们为什么发行Arc的原因之一。Arc是致力于研究近期未来的全新出版物。
但是眼光放长远些,我们能确信的事情就数量惊人了。过去是未来的关键:我们现在已经知道星球以及我们人类的怎样经历长时间的变化,那么我们就能以此为依据,预知后世子孙未来身处的境地。
这种长远角度使得悲观的前景预期看似更为过时。的确,未来不都那么美好。但是我们现在有足够的知识可以减少曾威胁人类早期生存的同类威胁,并改善未来的人们的命运。 但为君故系列 5 31. 我们对未来的想象过去常常受________启发。
A 我们对满意生活的渴望
B 我们对科技的信任
C 我们对潜在危险的意识
D 我们对平等机会的相信
32. 国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种红名单表明人类是________。
A 持续物种
B 环境的威胁
C 世界的统治力量
D 不该出现的种族
33. 根据第五段,下列哪项是正确的?
A Arc帮助缩小未来学的研究范围
B 技术为社会问题提供解决办法
C 人们对科幻小说的兴趣在增加
D 我们的近期未来难以预测
34. 为了确保人类的未来,重要的是________。
A 开发我们星球上的大量资源
B 采取乐观的世界观
C 吸收过去的经验
D 缩小志向以改变历史
35. 下列哪项是文章最合适的标题?
A 对未来的不确定
B 人类的进化
C 人类的光明前景
D 科学、技术和人类
周一,最高法院以5比3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州移民法的大部分内容&&这是奥巴马政府所采取政策的一次不大不小的胜利。但是在更重要的(事关国之根本这个)国家宪法的大问题上,投票结果却是8比0。这个决定意味着联邦政府打破联邦政府和各州政府权力平衡的努力彻底失败了。
在这场亚利桑那州政府和美国政府的对峙中,最高法院以多数票通过推翻了亚利桑那州饱受争议的计划中四项有争议条款中的三项。亚利桑那州本计划让州警察和地方警察实施联邦移民法。宪法规定华盛顿自身有权力&制定统一的移民规则&,这和联邦法律优先于州法律的规定并不矛盾。亚利桑那州企图改变该州现行的与联邦法律一致的政策。
安东尼&肯尼迪大法官同约翰&罗伯特首席大法官和法庭的自由派们一起裁定州政府的做法不对。关于被推翻的条款,大多数人的观点是,州议会已经故意&占领地盘&了,也就是说亚利桑那州侵犯了联邦的特权。
然而,大法官们说,亚利桑那州警察有权力在执法过程中核实人们的法律身份。因为国会一直期待能联合联邦和各州的力量处理移民问题,并公开鼓励州警官和联邦警官共享信息,相互合作。
三名持反对意见的大法官中,有两人&&塞缪尔&阿利托和克拉伦斯&托马斯赞同宪法的逻辑思路,却不同意亚利桑那州的规定违反联邦法规的说法。唯一主要的反对意见来自安东宁&斯卡利亚大法官,他强烈维护州的权益不受联邦干预,甚至提到了客籍法和镇压叛乱法。
用大法官塞缪尔&阿利托在他的反对意见中的话说,以8比0否决奥巴马的判决源自&一项惊人的维护联邦行政权的主张&。白宫声称,亚利桑那州的法律与其执法优先权相冲突,即使州法律严格遵守了联邦法律。实际上,白宫就是在声明,它将作废任何联邦不赞成的合法的州级法律。
有些权力确实归联邦政府独有,控制国籍和国界就是如此。但是如果国会想阻止各州使用自己的资源查看移民身份的话,国会是可以这么做的。可国会从没有这么做过。美国政府事实上就是在宣称,因为它不想实现国会的移民主张,哪一个州也不可以这么做。每一位大法官都端正的反对了这样的主张。
36. 亚利桑那州的计划中有三项被否决,因为它们________。
A 剥夺了联邦警察宪法赋予的权力
B 扰乱了不同州之间的权力平衡
C 逾越了联邦移民法的权威
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2015考研英语阅读理解练习题(一)
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<a title="2017考研签约全程联报 【政治+英语】<font color="#FF考研西综+政英签约全程班
  2015已处于强化阶段,是考研英语中分值最高的部分,好记性不如烂笔头,多做练习题,在做题过程中记忆、熟悉句型,理解长难句,一举多得,希望大家认真复习,注意做题时间。  The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.  In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices.  He now can obtain a driver’ he can
and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibiliti the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.  习题  1. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.  [A] the definition of maturity has changed  [B] the industrialized society is more developed  [C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made  [D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance  2. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.  [A] graduations from schools and colleges  [B] social recognition  [C] socio-economic status  [D] certain behavioral changes  3. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.  [A] eleven years old  [B] sixteen years old  [C] twenty-one years old  [D] between twelve and twenty-one years old  4. Starting from 22, ________.  [A] one will obtain more basic rights  [B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have  [C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21  [D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society  5. According to the passage, it is true that ________.  [A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed  [B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one  [C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license  [D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army
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高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧
作者:高中英语 贺楠&&来源:北京新东方学校&&时间:
  对阅读理解能力的测试是考试中必不可少的测试项目,主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力,以及通过材料的阅读,对材料中信息的捕获能力。英语阅读理解题的难度在不断增大,考生们也大多知难而进,下面,北京新东方中小学一对一贺楠老师与大家分享解题技巧。
  一、四选一型阅读
  高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类:细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。
  1、细节题解题技巧
  细节题,顾名思义,就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。
  现在围绕上述的定位理论,引申出几个小的技巧:
  (1) 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题,如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出数字,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展,或条纲性关键字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
  As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英语北京A篇)
  What happened to the author in 2011?
  A. She flew an airplane
  B. She entered a competition
  C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
  D. She moved into a retirement community
  解析:此题属典型细节题,通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分,很容易可以锁定正解为C。
  (2) 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致,但属于同义性质,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。
  He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英语北京B篇)
  What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
  A. Finding the news value of his stories.
  B. Giving him financial support.
  C. Helping him to find issues.
  D. Improving his good ideas.
  解析:此题属细节题,定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应,而want most和longs for对应,这样不难得出答案为D。
  小结:在阅读中,精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的,做题的技巧也是可以总结的,关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。
  2、推理题解题技巧
  推断题定义:在理解原文字面意思的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
  出现特征:在考题中经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
  She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
  How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英语北京A篇)
  A. Shocked.&B. Sympathetic.&C. Annoyed.&D. Upset.
  解析:由题目得知:是考察作者的态度题。首先定位到文章作者的话语和行为,即
  (1) No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway.
  (2) We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.“
  (3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
  可知作者对它是正的情感,排除C,D.再由作者对它的不舍,答案选B
  3、主旨大意题解题技巧
  Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
  (1) 要在阅读原文基础上,仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
  (2) 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
  (3) 要注意题目是否过大或者过小
  (4) 要避免下列三种错误
  概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,导致范围过小)
  过度概括(多表现为扩大范围)
  以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
  Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
  Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
  The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
  “The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.
  Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless industry.
  The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
  There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
  The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
  The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英语山东卷B篇)
  66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
  A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
  B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
  C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
  D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
  解析:D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山,提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统;最后一段重申主题,对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protecting students;B项错在by wireless industry;C项错在National Disasters。
  4、词义句意题解题技巧
  要求考生通过阅读上下文,结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征:划线或者引号
  解题方法之一:根据上下文,往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。
  Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
  62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京,B篇,62,答案D)
  A. annoyed&B. ashamed&C. ready&D. eager
  解析:从burning这个词来说,意为“发热的,强烈的,燃烧的”,后面紧跟动词词组“find out”说明在寻找时刻的心情是很紧张和急迫的,最后是一个宾语从句,是我曾经做错过什么,那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的,热切的”词义,显然为D选项。
  5、结构顺序题解题技巧
  常见提问方式:
  How is the passage organized?
  Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
  The author develops the passage mainly by….
  解题思路:
  (1) 注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想,
  (2) 找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。
  (3) 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
  The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
  Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).
  Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
  On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
  The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
  Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英语北京卷E篇)
  75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
  解析:文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们;第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响;第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥,即对人们身体上的危害;第四段说明节食产品的危害;第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品,故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。
  二、七选五型阅读
  考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下,准确理解整篇文章,特别是设题部位前后句的逻辑关系,通过上下文的线索进行判断,预测下文,然后做出正确判断。
  命题分析:我们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群,这个信息群实际上是由两大信息版块构成的:
  已知信息:原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息
  待选信息:七个待选选项中的信息
  这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的,而是有紧密的互动逻辑关系,连起来是一篇完整的文章。
  考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面:
  (1) 把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系
  (2) 把握微观信息间关联性(即空格前后句间关系)
  解题方法:词汇同现、词汇复现、代词妙用、数字线索、逻辑线索。
  The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? _____ (71) It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.
  Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (电梯) music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.______ (72)
  If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? _____ (73)
  Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ (74)Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
  _____ (75)They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!(& 2010年高考英语北京卷)
  A. Some people don't like Muzak.
  B. The music gives them extra energy.
  C. Music is playing in the background.
  D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.
  E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.
  F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
  G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.
  答案:CBFDA
  代词妙用:代词指代前面提到的thing, 所以只要找到与代词含义一致的词就可搞定。
  71空格后面出现“It's similar to the music you listen to,”那么我们只要分析出其中的“it”的具体指代即可,通过题目及略读下文,我们很容易知道该文介绍一种音乐,而且第一段故作悬念,一直未给出其名字,所以我们只要找到选项中包含音乐一词而没有点名缪扎克一词的即可,很容易锁定BC选项,因为B项意义与下文相去甚远,故舍B取C没商量。
  75空格后出现“They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.”,同理,我们就要确定“they”的具体指代,首先由于“say”的出现,我们锁定“they”为人的复数,所以轻松锁定ADF,所谓真金不怕火来炼,D显然逻辑不通,F由于其主语也为人,段落第一句永远不会出现意思不明的代词(we, you 除外,因为它们可以明确指代广义的人),故轻松排除F选出真金A。
  72此题虽然不是明显的后文出现代词,但其前亦有代词出现,“It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning,”下文承接上文,肯定有联系,找出“it”的具体指代-the music, 轻松选出B项。(注:也可应用词汇复现法)
  词汇复现法:情非得已时选择的一种方法,知道与前后文中有词汇重复的选项即可,有时也可指含义一致的词汇,如72
  73前文中“but others are happy when their songs are chosen”有“their songs”, F项亦有相同词汇出现,放进去,意思通晓明白,搞定。
  74后文中“Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有”percent more“,D项亦有相同词汇出现,且意思连贯,选出即可。
  72题中前句中出现”when people are more tired. “能够与”tired“相对应的四选项中只有”energy“,累了对应能量,亦可做出此题。
  如现您有关课程的任何疑问,您均可致电400-815-1616,北京新东方中小学一对一专业老师会为您答疑解惑。
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