大学四级-365试卷基本信息
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大学四级-365试卷简介
（2007年大学英语四级模拟试题题库，试卷总分：711分，）大学四级-365问答题：&Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled My Idea of the Internet. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:（1）因特网的重要性
2．使用因特网出现的问题
My Idea of the Internet填空题：&Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y （[or YES）
if the statement agrees with the information
N （for NO）
if the statement contradicts the information
NG （for NOT GIVEN）
if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Nonverbal Communication
Like all animals, people communicate by their actions as well as by the noises they make. Language is obviously essential for human beings, but it is not the whole story of human communication.
There are many different cultures in the world, and in each of them the children must learn a great many things that are expected of everyone who participates effectively in that culture. These things are taken for granted by everyone who shares the culture. When I say that they are taken for granted, I mean that nobody needs to describe them or write them down or try self-consciously to teach them to children. Indeed, the children begin to learn them before their linguistic skills are far enough developed to understand a verbal description of what they are learning. This kind of learning has sometimes been called "imitation," but that is much too simple an explanation for the complex processes that go on when a child learns what is normal and expected in his own community. Most of the norms （标准） are communicated to the child nonverbally, and he internalizes them as if no other possibilities existed. They are as much a part of he would no more question them than he would question the fact that he has two hands and two feet, but only one head.
What is an example of the sort of thing that children learn nonverbally One of the simplest examples to observe and analyze and discuss is the way people use clothing and bodily ornamentation （装饰） to communicate. At any particular time in any particular culture there is an accepted and normal way to dress and to arrange one’s hair and to paint the face and to wear one’s jewelry. By adopting those conventions for dressing himself, a person communicates to the world that he wants to be treated according to the standards of the culture for which they are appropriate. When a black person in America rejects the normal American dress and puts on African clothing, he is communicating to the world that he wants to be treated as an Afro-American. On the surface, dressing up in unusual costumes would seem to be one of the more innocent forms of dissent that a person would express, but in fact it is deeply resented by many people who still feel bound by the traditional conventions of their culture and who become fearful or angry when those norms are violated. The nonverbal message that such a costume communicates is "I reject your culture and your values," and those who resent this message can be violent in their response.
Eye contact also has an important role in regulating conversational interactions. In America, a typical pattern is for the listener to signal that he is paying attention by looking at the talker’s mouth or eyes. Since direct eye contact is often too intimate, the talker may let his eyes wonder elsewhere. As the moment arrives for the talker to become a listener, and for his partner to begin talking, there will often be a preliminary signal. The talker will often look toward the listener, and the listener will signal that he is ready to talk by glancing away.
Such eye signals will vary, of course, depending on what the people are talking about and what the personal relation is between them. But whatever the pattern of eye signals that two people are using, they use them unconsciously. If you try to become aware of your own eye movements while you are talking to someone, y6u will find it extremely frustrating. As soon as you try to think self-consciously about your own eye movements, you don’t know where you should be looking. If you want to study how the eyes communicate, therefore, you should do it by observing other people, not yourself. But if you watch other people too intently, of course, you may disturb them or make them angry. So be careful!
Eye communication seems to be particularly important for Americans. It is part of the American culture that people should be kept at a distance and that contact with another person’s body should be avoided in all but the most intimate situations. Because of this social convention of dealing with others at a distance, Americans have to place much reliance on their distance receptors, their eyes and ears, for personal communication. In other cultures, however, people normally come closer together and bodily contact between conversational partners is as normal as eye contact is in America. In the Eastern Mediterranean cultures, for example, both the touch and the smell of the other person are expected.
Other cultures have different spatial （空间的） norms. In Latin America, for example, impersonal discussion normally occurs at a distance of two or three feet, which is the distance that is appropriate for personal discussion in North America. Consequently, it is impossible for a North and South American both to be comfortable when they talk to one another unless one can adopt the zones that are normal for the other. If the South American advances to a distance that is comfortable for him, it will be too close for the North American, and he will withdraw, and one can chase the other all around the room unless something intervenes to end the conversation. The North American seems aloof and unfriendly to the South American. The South American seems hostile or oversexed to the North American. The South American Anthropologist Edward Hall mentions that North Americans sometimes cope with this difference by barricading （设障碍） themselves behind desks or tables, and that South Americans have been known literally to climb over these barriers in order to attain a comfortable distance at which to talk.
Sticking out the tongue and quickly drawing it back can be a gesture of self-castigation （自责） in one culture, and admission of a social mistake, but someone from another culture might interpret it as a gesture of ridicule or contempt, and in the Eskimo culture it would not be a gesture at all, but the conventional way of directing a current of air when blowing out a candle. Just a little better communication on the nonverbal level might go a long way toward improving international relations.（1）All animals use sounds and actions to communicate with each other.（2）There are many things in a culture children pick up naturally as they grow up.（3）The way people dress themselves is regarded as something entirely individual and personal.（4）The usual way Americans signal their attention to their talking partners is to look at their eyes or mouths.（5）Americans intentionally choose particular eye signals to show their personal emotions towards their talking partners.（6）In America, bodily contact between conversational partners is more frequent than eye contact.（7）Impersonal conversation at a distance of two or three feet is normally appropriate for both South Americans and North Americans.（8）The practice that children learn something before they can understand a verbal explanation is called ______.（9）Eye signals shown by conversational partners vary with what they are talking about and ______.（10）For the larger distance kept in a conversation with a North American, a South American seems to think that his conversational partner is rather ______.单选集题：&Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.（1）Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.单选集题：&Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（1）单选集题：&Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（1）单选集题：&Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.（1）Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.单选集题：&Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（1）单选集题：&Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（1）填空集题：&Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 26 to 33 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 34 to 36 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write dozen the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.（1）The golden rule your parents and teachers taught you was pretty simple: Do unto others as you’d have others do unto you. Imagine how you would feel if you were in the other person’s shoes. Stand up for yourself, but try not to （36）
people’s feelings.
In （37） , we state this in an even more （38）
Remember the human.
When you communicate by using a computer, all you see is a computer （39） . You can’t use （40）
expressions, （41） , or tone of voice to communicate your meaning. Words are all you have. The same is true for the person who is writing to you.
When you are talking on-lime---whether it’s an e-mail （42）
or a response to a discussion group--it is easy to misinterpret meaning. It’s too easy to forget that your （43）
is a person with feelings like your own.
Computers bring people together who might never meet in real life. （44） . Humans writing e-mail often behave the way some people behave when they drive a car. They curse at other drivers, make obscene gestures, and behave badly. （45） . But the computer （or the car） seems to make it okay.
The message of netiquette is that it is not acceptable. （46）
But remember the main rule of Netiquette. Those are real people out there.填空题：&Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Each USDA beef grade is a measure of a distinct level of quality. Because beef can vary so much in （47） , it takes eight grades to span the range. The three lowest grades are seldom sold as retail cuts since they go （48） into ground beef or into processed meat items such as hot dogs.
The grade most widely sold is USDA Choice. It is （49） in great volume and retailers have found that this level of quality pleases most of their customers. Some stores, however, offer two grades so that their （50） may have a choice of quality and price.
Standard grade beef has a high （51） of lean meat and very little fat. Because it comes from young （52） , beef of this gr but because it lacks marbling, it is mild in flavor and is dry unless prepared with moist heat.
Commercial grade beef is produced only the top four grades are restricted to young animals. It has abundant marbling and has the rich, full flavor characteristic of mature beef. （53）
Commercial grade beef requires long, slow cooking with moist heat to make it （54） . When prepared in this manner, it can provide delicious and economical meat dishes.
Regardless of their quality grade, some cuts of beef are naturally tender than others. Cuts from the less-used （55）
along the back of the animal will always be more tender than those from the active muscles such as the shoulder, and round.
Because the most tender cuts that make up only a small part of the beef carcass are in greatest （56） , they command a higher price than other cuts.
A） tender
I） proportion
B） however
J） demand
C） quality
D） customers
L） muscles
M） mostly
F） animals
N） produced
G） unless
O） choice
H） economic（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）单项选择题：&Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Perhaps the most important defining characteristic of a human being is culture. The term culture as used here is not limited to operas, paintings, and other artistic endeavors. These are seen by anthropologists （人类学家） as examples of culture: culture itself is the customary manner in which human groups learn to organize their behavior and thought in relation to their environment. Defined in this manner, culture has three principal aspects: behavioral, perceptual and material. The behavioral component refers to how people act, especially how they interact with each other. In child rearing （养育）, for example, parents and children tend to interact in a relatively patterned fashion. Then there is the manner of perception, the ways people perceive the world. For example, parents have a limited range of ideas about how they should act, and what significance parenthood carries in the scheme of things. Finally, there is the material component of culture -- the physical objects that we produce.
Most of what goes into making up culture is a result of learning -- modifying behavior in response to experience within an environment. Learning is practically universal among organisms. But no other organism has a greater capacity for learning than a human, or depends as much on learned behavior for its survival.
While the survival of most other organisms is to some extent safeguarded by instincts, humans rely heavily on culture for their survival. People must learn how to live in a particular social and physical setting, biology playing but a minimal （最小的） role.
The ideas and modes of behavior that constitute culture are transmitted largely by a complex system of symbols that includes language. Humans have evolved an extremely complex system of communication that is unique to our species. Without it the creation of human culture as we know it would be impossible.（1）According to the passage, the behavior of making tools for producing material objects should fall within the category of ________ component of culture.（2）What is the definition of culture given by anthropologists（3）Which of the following statements is True（4）Learning is most essential for _______.（5）What’s the element to human culture单项选择题：&Passage Two
The best kept secret in San Diego is waiting to offer you a delightful getaway -- without leaving town.
Less than three years ago, the Parisi Hotel was just an office building above the shops on the corner of Prospect Street. Now, that valuable space is an intimate luxury hotel -- with several rooms overlooking the ocean. You’ll be amazed when you enter from the corner and ascend the curving staircase to the second-floor lobby. It will take you into a different world.
What will you find when you enter the large contemporary lobby is a handsome and peaceful space that was designed with a hint of Tuscany （托斯卡娜，意大利中西部地名） in its modern Mediterranean （地中海式的） style. The lobby has a large fireplace with comfortable sofas in warm neutral colors surrounding it. You’ll feel relaxed just sitting there
with its skylight overhead letting in the morning sun.
All the rooms are more like suites, with large comfortable beds, beautiful baths and stylish custom- designed furnishings and art throughout.
The Parisi Hotel is the perfect place for seniors because it’s quiet and restful -- with only 20 rooms. You won’t find many hotels like this in the center of a tourist town.
The shops are all around you. Likewise for some of the city’s best restaurants, you will never have to take your car out of the garage during your stay. And, by the way, the underground parking lot at the Parisi Hotel is free for hotel guests.
Once you stay at this little gem （珍宝）, you’ll want to return again and again. I know we do. It’s a perfect place for seniors.
Rates for standard suites begin at $275. You can call the hotel for reservation at （858） 454-1531. The Parisi Hotel is located at 1111 Prospect St. right across from La Valencia.（1）When you enter the lobby, you will find that ______.（2）The Pafisi Hotel is described as ______.（3）Which of the following statements is True（4）Why is the Parisi Hotel suitable for old people（5）What special benefit can people get while staying in the Parisi Hotel单项选择题：&Part Ⅴ Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Food is different from area to area. The French are famous for their sauces, the Italians praised （67）
their pasta-food from mixture of flour, eggs and water, the Germans （68） for their sausages, but is there anything （69 to eat in the United States When you get right down to it, there’s nothing quite as （70） as American food. Because the United States （71）
mostly of immigrants, there is an amazing variety of foods. The United States is a vast country （72） by many cultures and climates, and the （73）
food of one area is often totally （74） that of another. New Mexico and Massachusetts are good examples of （75）
that have very different traditional foods.
To understand and （76）
the food in any one region, it often helps to know the area’s history. For example, New Mexico was （77） the home of the Pueblo Indians who lived in villages and grew native （78） such as corn, beans, and pumpkins. Later, Spanish （79）
arrived in this area. These two groups exchanged ideas and customs and passed the （80） on to their descendants. This intermingling （混合） of cultures is （81） in the food of New Mexico.
Each region of the United States is unique. Lousiana has a French （82） . Many Germans populate the Midwest. In （83）
around America, a tourist has the （84）
not only to visit a variety of places and see diverse （85） , but to taste a variety of roods as well.
Some may be very different. Others will taste just （86）
home.（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）填空题：&Part Ⅵ Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.（1）Although he is not so capable as some of his associates, the idea that _________________ （他希望自己能成为老板的助手） has never left him.（2）If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting,_________________ （工厂的生产效率就可以大大提高）.（3）Companies with a big staff in Tokyo ___________________ （在运行成本居高不下和业务不断萎缩的夹缝中）.（4）Like the human brain. _______________________ （计算机也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器）.（5）The old people of today have made great contributions m the material and cultural advancements,________________（理所当然他们应该分离其成果）.
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