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非主流男生女生诱惑重口味大图_未成年人止步，性当前位置：&&&&&&&&&&&&正文
专门为中国人写的英语语法3
文章标签:&&&&
第七章 问句(Questions)
7§1　答案只是〝Yes〞或〝No〞的问题
有些问题，答案只有〝Yes〞或〝No〞，以下是一些例子。
原来句子 问句
I am a boy. Am I a boy?
He has a car. Does he have a car?
I gave him three books. Did I give him three books?
He cannot work. Can he work?
He has not seen me. Has he seen me?
They like your novel. Do They like your novel?
The sun sets in the west. Does the sunset in the west?
They are good teachers. Are they good teachers?
He will not go to a concert tonight. Will he go to a concert tonight?
He is going to swim. Is he going to swim?
They must eat vegetables. Must they eat vegetables?
They have to go. Do they have to go?
I walked two kilometers yesterday. Did I walk two kilometers yesterday?
It is raining now. Is it raining now?
根据以上的例子，我们可以归纳乘以下的规则：
(1) 凡动词是verb to be的，变成问句时，动词移到主词前面去。
原来句子 问句
You are a girl. Are you a girl?
He was a teacher. Was he a teacher?
They were all old. Were they all old?
This song is beautiful. Is this song beautiful?
Peter is a good student. Is Peter a good student?
(2) 动词不是verb to be，也没有助动词，改成问句时，必须加do或他的变形，这个必须在主词的前面。
原来句子 问句
I like music. Do I like music?
He likes sports. Does he like sports?
Peter went to America. Did Peter go to America?
He ate three apples last night. Did he eat three apples last night?
Her mother calls her every week. Does her mother call her every week?
(3) 句子中间如已有，改成问句时，只要将移到主动词前面即可。
原来句子 问句
He did not eat. Did he eat?
He has gone to America. Has he gone to America?
She can dance. Can she dance?
I will see you tonight. Will I see you tonight?
They are going to Washington. Are they going to Washington?
我们的问句中，当然也可已有否定的意义，比方说，我们可以问：
你不喜欢音乐吗？
他不是你的弟弟吗？
你从未见过他？
英文句子也可以如此，例如：
Don't you like music?
Doesn't he play piano?
Aren't you his brother?
Isn't he a good student?
Didn't he go to school?
Hasn't he lived here?
Won't he leave tomorrow?
注意，这时not通常和动词连在一起了。
有一件事，是我们中国人必须注意的，假如有人问你：
你不喜欢音乐吗？
而你本人的确也不喜欢音乐，你会回答说：
是，我不喜欢音乐。
也就是说，我们中国人的回答是顺着问句的。问句说你不喜欢，我们同意他的说法，所以前面加一个〝是〞。假设我喜欢音乐，我会回答说：
不，我喜欢音乐。
可是，英文正好相反，英文的yes和no，与问句的问法无关，而对应了回答的事实。举例来说，我们的问句也许是：
Don't you like music?
你如不喜欢音乐就回答说：
No, I don't like music.
你如喜欢音乐，就回答说：
Yes, I like music.
再举一例，有人问：
Isn't he Chinese?
他是中国人就回答：
Yes, he is.
他如不是，就回答：
No, he isn't.
反正，英文的yes和no，都和答案的事实对应，而与如何问无关。
【练习二十五】
将以下成英文问句：
1. 你喜欢他吗？
2. 他是美国人吗？
3. 你昨天有没有去教堂？
4. 他曾经到过日本吗？
5. 你要去台北吗？
6. 他不喜欢体育吗？
7. 你从未去过日本吗？
8. 他有一个妹妹吗？
9. 他们都是学生吗？
10. 你的哥哥昨天见过我爸爸吗？
7§2 回答不只是〝yes〞和〝no〞的问句
问句的答案当然不一定只是yes或no，以下的问句都是例子：
Where did you buy this book?
Where did you see him?
How do you like America?
Whom do you like?
Which cake do you want?
Whose book is this?
What kind of method is this?
Which country were you born in?
Which do you want, an apple or an orange?
Whom do you like most, your brother or your sister?
Where did you go last night?
When did you meet your father?
When did you read this book?
Whom did you give this book to?
以上的问句中都有，但以下的问句中，是不存在的：
Who gave you this car?
Who wrote this letter?
Who took my pen away?
Who wants to go with me?
Who can sing this song?
【练习二十六】
将以下的中文问句翻译成英文问句：
1. 你在哪里买这本书的？
2. 他什么时候到美国去的？
3. 他爸爸的名字是什么？
4. 这是谁的书？
5. 你从哪里来的？
6. 你要哪一本书？
7. 这个孩子是谁？
8. 他最喜欢谁？
9. 他叫什么名字？
10. 你昨天到哪里去了？
11. 这是谁的狗？
【练习二十七】
1. did you go last night?
2. book do you like?
3. is your brother?
4. is his name?
5. wrote this letter?
6. did you give this book to?
7. gave you this book?
8. car is this?
9. dog is this?
10. movie did you see?
11. can speak English?
12. did you speak to?
13. kind of car is this?
14. fruit do you like most?
15. does not swim?
第八章 被动语气(Passive Voice)
8§1 及物动词和不及物动词
任何一个英文句子必定有一个动词，请先注意以下例句的动词
1. He was a teacher before.
2. He went to school yesterday.
3. He hit a dog.
4. I saw you yesterday.
5. He walks to school every day.
6. He sent this book to me.
7. They are good students.
8. He wrote two novels.
9. They ate all of the apples.
10. He swims every morning.
在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的动词都是及物动词（transitive verbs）。这些动词后面都跟着一个名词，而这个名词是动词的受词（object），其它句子的动词，都是不及物动词，因为他们都没有任何受词。
我们将以上句子中，主词、及物动词和受词的关系分析如下：
句子 主词 及物动词 受词
He hit a dog. He hit dog
I saw you yesterday. I saw you
He sent his book to me. He sent his book
He wrote two novels. He wrote two novels
They ate all of the apples. They ate all of the apples
一旦动词是及物动词，我们就可以将这个句子由原来的主动语气（active voice）改成被动语气（passive voice）。但我们也要警告读者，不要轻易用被动语气，因为有时被动语气的句子是不自然的。
8§2 没有助动词的被动语气
在这以前，我们的句子都是主动语气，这种句子的基本形式如下：
主词＋动词＋受词
所谓的被动语气，乃是将原来的受词变成主词。举例来说，主动语气中，我们说〝我看到一些狗〞，在被动语气中，我们说〝一些狗被我看到〞。在英文中，将主动语气改成被动语气，必须做以下的动作：
（1） 原有受词变成名词
（2） 动词变成verb to be＋过去分词（past participle）
（3） 原有主词变成在动词后面，但前面加by。
举例来说，主动语气的句子可以是
I saw a cat.
被动语气就成了
A cat was seen by me.
最重要的是，verb to be的时式必须和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，动词是过去式，所以verb to be也是过去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主词。请看以下的例子：
I saw two cats.
改成被动语气以后，句子是：
Two cats were seen by me.
以下是主动改被动的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be的形式：
主动语气（active voice） 被动语气（passive voice）
Mr. Jones hit the dog. The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.
My brother saw you yesterday. You were seen by my brother yesterday.
He sent the book to me. The book was sent to me by him.
Dickens wrote those two novels. Those two novels were written by Dickens.
They ate all of the apples. All of the apples were eaten by them.
Jane wrote that song. That song was written by Jane.
My mother loves me. I am loved by my mother.
【练习二十八】
将以下的句子由主动语气改成被动：
1. He saw that movie last night.
2. He wrote that letter to me.
3. He teaches those English classes.
4. God loves you.
5. They bought two houses.
6. I painted this room.
7. He grows those roses.
8. He helps his students.
9. I sold the house.
10. My uncle bought this car.
【练习二十九】
将以下的句子由被动语气改成主动语气：
1. The policeman was seen by me.
2. Those two books were written by me.
3. These sentences were corrected by my teacher.
4. He was hit by a car.
5. His door was locked by me.
6. His house was built by my father.
7. His boat was given to me by my father.
8. This bird is rarely seen by people here.
9. He is liked by every one.
10. They were given ten dollars by their friends.
11. This picture was taken by him.
12. Too much wine was drunk by the young men.
13. I was taught by Mr. Wang.
14. He was helped by his father.
15. They were served by that .
16. His food was prepared by my mother.
17. His toy was made by my sister.
18. The book was returned to me by Jim.
19. That song was written by my brother.
20. I was invited by him to a party.
8§3 有助动词肯定句子的被动语气
在上一节，我们所有的例子都只是子，句子中没有，可是有些肯定句子还是有的，以下是一些例子：
主动语气 被动语气
现在进形式 I am writing this letter. The letter is being written by me.
现在完程序 I have written the letter. The letter has been written by me.
过去进形式 I was writing the letter when you came. The letter was being written by me when you came.
过去完程序 I had written the letter before you came. The letter had been written by me before you came.
未来式 I will write the letter. The letter will be written by me.
未来完成式 I will have written this letter. This letter will have been written by me.
未来式 I am going to see you. You are going to be seen by me.
以下是更多的例子：
主动语气 被动语气
I have seen him. He has been seen by me.
He is going to help you. You are going to be helped by him.
He will teach English. English will be taught by him.
He has helped me all my life. I have been helped by him all my life.
He had called me before you came. I had been called by him before you came.
his mother when we went there. His mother was being called by him when we went there.
不一定和时式有关，can、should、has to等等都是，这些在改成被动语气的时后，都应维持原状，只需加入verb to be和过去分词即可。以下是一些例子：
主动语气 被动语气
I can play the piano. The piano can be played by me.
I may use this room. This room may be used by me.
He must give the book to me. The book must be given to me by him.
You should help him. He should be helped by you.
You have to write this letter. This letter has to be written by you.
He ought to write this report. This report ought to be written by him.
【练习三十】
将以下的句子改成被动语气：
1. He has written three novels.
2. He will write that letter.
3. They will sing these songs tomorrow.
4. He will give the speech.
5. They are painting the house.
6. I have given him three books.
7. I can do this job.
8. He had told me that story before we went there.
9. Teachers should help the students.
10. He is writing the report now.
11. The students must read this book.
12. I have to give this letter to my mother tonight.
13. All citizens ought to obey the law.
14. He has eaten all of the cakes.
15. The reporters were
pictures when the storm started.
16. He had finished the work before five o'clock last night.
17. Peter will write that letter.
18. John has received my letter.
19. Millions of people saw the movie "Gone with the wind".
20. He has proved that theorem.
【练习三十一】
将以下句子改成主动语气：
1. Two books have been written by Joseph.
2. Football is being played by John.
3. He should be given that lecture by his father.
4. That report will be written by him.
5. The letter has been received by the King.
6. This movie should be seen by every one.
7. This book ought to be read by every student.
8. They are being helped by me.
9. The movie is going to be seen by all of us.
10. This cake can be eaten by kids.
8§4 否定句子的被动语气
将一个子或一个问句改成被动语气，其步骤如下：
（1） 将此句子改成肯定句子
（2） 将此肯定句子改成被动语气
（3） 将此被动语气的句子改成否定句子
现在举一个否定的例子：
I did not take this picture.
对应的子是：
I took this picture.
改成被动语气：
This picture was taken by me.
再改成否定句子：
This picture was not taken by me.
下面的例子都是用来解释如何将一个子改成被动语气：
1. They did not like the music.
(a). They liked the music.
(b). The music was liked by them.
(c). The music was not liked by them.
2. I have not written that letter.
(a). I have written that letter.
(b). That letter has been written by me.
(c). That letter has not been written by me.
3. You can not eat that cake.
(a). You can eat that cake.
(b). That cake can be eaten by you.
(c). That cake can not be eaten by you.
4. He does not play music.
(a). He plays that kind of music.
(b). That kind of music is played by him.
(c). That kind of music is not played by him.
5. I am not going to see you.
(a). I am going to see you.
(b). You are going to be seen by me.
(c). You are not going to be seen by me.
6. They will not see that movie.
(a). They will see that movie.
(b). That movie will be seen by them.
(c). That movie will not be seen by them.
7. They did not help me.
(a). They helped me.
(b). I was helped by them.
(c). I was not helped by them.
8. I did not tell that story.
(a). I told that story.
(b). That story was told by me.
(c). That story was not told by me.
在下面，我们将省略中间步骤，直接写出一个子的被动语气，英文好的人应该是不需要中间步骤的：
主动语气 被动语气
They do not enjoy such music. Such music is not enjoyed by them.
He did not tell that story. That story was not told by him.
They have not written that story. That story has not been told by them.
Peter is going to see me. I am not going to be seen by Peter.
He will not help me. I will not be helped by him.
John will not eat that cake. That cake will not be eaten by John.
I can not drink that wine. That wine can not be drunk by me.
【练习三十二】
将以下的子改成被动语气：
1. The farmers here do not grow apples.
2. He did not meet me last night.
3. I have not written that letter.
4. John is not going to see that movie.
5. I did not watch that movie.
6. He does not speak English.
7. He will not speak English.
8. You should not eat that cake.
9. My mother does not eat that kind of fish.
10. John has not written that report.
【练习三十三】
将以下句子改成主动语气：
1. The book was not written by him.
2. I am not going to be helped by you.
3. That book has not been received by John.
4. That song is not liked by college students.
5. John is not loved by Mary.
6. I will not be met by my student tomorrow.
7. Meat is not eaten by vegetarians.
8. The door was not opened by me.
9. That ten dollars were not paid by me.
10. The car was not bought by me.
8§5 问句的被动语气
将问句改成被动语气，步骤类似上一节的步骤，我们先将问句变成子，然后将这个定句子变成被动语气，最后在将这个被动语气的句子变回，成为问句。
Do young kids enjoy al" title="a.经典的；传统的"&al music?
先改成肯定句子
Young kids enjoy al" title="a.经典的；传统的"&al music.
再改成被动语气
Music is enjoyed by young kids.
最后改成问句
Is music enjoyed by young kids?
为了使读者熟悉这些步骤，我们在下面举了很多的例子：
1. Did you eat that cake?
(a). You ate that cake.
(b). That cake was eaten by you.
(c). Was that cake eaten by you?
2. Do farmers in Taiwan grow apples?
(a) Farmers in Taiwan grow apples.
(b) Apples are grown by farmers in Taiwan.
(c) Are apples grown by farmers in Taiwan?
3. Have you finished the report?
(a) You have finished the report.
(b) The report has been finished by you.
(c) Has the report been finished by you?
4. When did you write that letter?
(a) You wrote that letter.
(b) That letter was written by you.
(c) When was the letter written by you?
5. Have you seen that movie?
(a) You have seen that movie.
(b) That movie has been seen by you.
(c) Has the movie been seen by you?
6. When did Stevenson write that novel?
(a) Stevenson wrote that novel.
(b) That novel was written by Stevenson.
(c) When was that novel written by Stevenson?
8. Is he painting his room?
(a) He is painting his room.
(b) His room is being painted by him.
(c) Is his room being painted by him?
在下面，我们将省略中间步骤，直接写出一个问句的被动语气，英文好的人应该是不需要中间步骤的：
主动语气 被动语气
Does he help his students? Are his students helped by him?
Did he tell that story? Was that story told by him?
Has she written that story? Has that story been written by her?
Whom is Peter going to visit? Who is going to be visited by Peter?
When did you read that book? When was that book written by you?
Does he enjoy that song? Is that song enjoyed him?
Why do his friends avoid him? Why is he avoided by his friends?
Whom did you see? Who was seen by you?
Has he read that report? Has that report been read by him?
Is he writing that letter? Is that letter being written by him?
【练习三十四】
将以下句子改成被动语气：
1. Is he writing a book?
2. Did he write that book?
3. Did you sign that letter?
4. Where did you see that movie?
5. When did you see that movie?
6. Has he finished that job?
7. Did mother give you the gift?
8. Did your mother visit you last night?
9. Do they grow roses?
10. Do they speak English?
11. Did you play that game of ?
12. Will you teach English?
【练习三十五】
将以下句子改成主动语气：
1. Was the cake eaten by you?
2. Is he liked by all of us?
3. Is that kind of music loved by every one in Japan?
4. Is fish eaten by old people?
5. Are roses loved by most women?
6. Was he called by you?
7. Is soccer played by John?
8. When was this music written by Mozart?
9. When was he seen by you?
10. Were they seen by you last night?
【练习三十六】
将适宜的动词填入
1. I (send) two letters yesterday. (do) you (receive) them? Every letter (write) by me. Please (write) back to me soon.
2. I (invite) to a dancing party last week. The music (be) so noisy. I (leave) the party as early as I (can).
3. Did you (write) that report? Yes, it (write) by me.
4. He (not like) music when he was a child. After he (get) into college, he (teach) by a good music professor. Now, he (enjoy) music very much and (listen) to al" title="a.经典的；传统的"&al music every morning.
5. I (buy) a red car yesterday. It (make) in Japan. It will __________ (deliver) to me tomorrow.
6. I (not go) to school yesterday because my
I (buy) a new bike yesterday.
7. Where (do) you go last night? I (can) not (find) you. You (see) by no one.
8. A: (do) he (smoke)?
B: No, he (do not). Smoking has never (try) by him.
9. Was the book (write) by him?
10. I (buy) three books lately. One (write) by Graham Greene.
I (finish) reading it. There (be) many interesting stories in it.
【练习三十七】
1. ＊This is a book which wrote by Dickens.
2. ＊Are the music enjoyed by those
3. ＊When are you visited by your father yesterday?
4. ＊This book written by John.
5. ＊He is invited to come to my home by my father yesterday.
6. ＊This house is built in 1913.
7. ＊This letter was wrote by him.
8. ＊This letter has never finished.
9. ＊Was you given a book?
10. ＊I have never called by my father. I always call him first.
第九章 动词如何转换成名词
动名词（Gerund）和不定词（Infinitive）
9§1 问题的来源
对我们说中文的人而言，一个字究竟是动词，还是名词，其实是很少人知道的，对一般人而言，〝唱歌〞是动词，但是如果我们说，〝唱歌是有益的〞，我们又发现〝唱歌〞其实也是名词。〝我爱唱歌〞，这句话中，〝唱歌〞也是名词。
英文就不同了，英文里很少有一个字，又是动词，又是名词的，sing是动词，绝不能当很名词用。怪不得有很多中国人会说
＊Sing is good for you. 或者是 ＊I like sing.
既然sing是动词，也没有一个〝sing〞的名词，怎么办呢？英文解套的办法很有趣，他们用动名词（gerund）和不定词（infinitive）来将一个动词改成一个名词。
9§2 动名词（Gerund）
所谓动名词，乃是将一个动词，字尾加上ing，一夜之间，这个动词就可以当作名词用了。请看以下的例子：
I like singing.
Playing basketball is good for you.
Do you enjoy listening to al" title="a.经典的；传统的"&al music?
Is traveling around the world meaningful to you?
Studying English is not difficult.
我们不妨将的用法分一下类：
1.可用作主词，如
is enjoyed by many people.
Taking drugs is avoided by most people.
Being kind to others is important for every one.
Respecting your parents shows good character.
2.可以用作动词的受词，如
I enjoy studying English.
He does not mind walking long distances.
I have never enjoyed being alone in my life.
He loves swimming.
3.可以用作介系词（preposition）的受词，英文里有很多介系词，at, in, about, of, on等等都是介系词，介系词后面必定跟一个名词，也是它的受词，举例来说
on the table
in my home
about Hitler
of my life
on this island
各位一定注意到，每一个介系词后面都有一个名词，作为它的受词。
是可以作为介系词的受词的，如：
This book is about traveling.
He is responsible for cleaning the kitchen.
My brother is capable of writing programs.
You just keep on going straight.
在下面，我们要给各位更多有关gerund的例子，各位不妨看看每一个句子中，那个是作什么用的。
Instead of swimming, he walks every morning.
He likes walking in the woods.
Are you interested in playing ?
Loving is to be kind to others.
Reading is important to students.
In addition to traveling, he also likes reading novels.
You will be happy by helping others.
He is worried about being late.
I finished writing the report yesterday.
They thanked me for lending them money.
He has never finished writing the novel.
She is in change of teaching English in our school.
My father objected to my going to the summer camp.
Please stop joking about my brother.
I look forward to
He has never enjoyed traveling.
She was excited about going abroad.
I consider gambling a bad thing to do.
I have never dreamed of flying an airplane.
He suggested talking to our teacher.
I believe in doing some kind of exercise every day.
Playing the piano is no fun at all.
Nancy is accustomed to sleeping late.
Are you tired of driving for so long?
You should forgive others for doing wrong things.
He insists on getting up early every morning.
Thank you for participating in my concert.
He is used to studying alone.
They are not used to
He is accustomed to being polite to others.
I object to
dirty movies.
You should take advantage of studying in such a good place.
【练习三十八】
改正以下的错误
2.＊I hate swim.
3.＊Stop talk about me.
4.＊In addition to read interesting books, you should also watch TV from time to time.
5.＊I am not interested in swim.
6.＊He talks about go to America.
7.＊I believe in do exercise every day.
8.＊The cost of transfer a student to another school is very high.
9.＊Please forgive me for make this mistake.
10.＊Swim keeps me from getting cold.
【练习三十九】
填充，每一个句子填入一个介系词和一个，先举一个例子。
1. I am interested (listen) to music.
2. Please forgive me (be) so late.
3. In addition (study) , you should also have some exercises every day.
4. We talked (build) a house next year.
5. Thank you (help) me.
6. He is excited (travel) to Japan.
7. I am looking forward (meet) you.
8. He insists (talk) to me .
9. I believe (exercise) every day.
10. Did you
that (swim) match.
11. He was not used (listen) to
12. My mother objected (visit) my aunt tomorrow.
13. I am not accustomed (go) to bed so late.
14. I am interested (swim) .
15. Are you responsible (write) this report?
16. He is excited (see) me tomorrow.
17. He is looking forward (see) that movie.
18. I am not used (hear) that kind of noise.
19. You should take advantage (have) such a good family.
20.He is in charge (send) students to other schools.
【练习四十】
将以下中文句子译成英文句子：
1.我不喜欢跳舞。
2.你对游泳有兴趣吗？
3.打蓝球是有趣的。
4.我们昨天谈到（talk about）教英文的事。
5.我不习惯（be not used to）抽烟。
6.我反对（object to）在公开场合哭泣（cry in public）。
7.除了游泳以外，他还应该打棒球（用in addition to）。
8.他可以（be capable of）每天跑一公里。
9.他负责（be in charge of）找寻一个好的地方。
10.我已习惯了（be accustomed to）早起。
9§3 不定词（Infinitives）
不定词＝to＋动词的原式。例如to go, to love, to eat等等，都是不定词，不定词和的用法相似，以下全是用不定词用作名词的例子：
To love is to forgive.
To forgive your enemies will make you happy.
I like to eat chicken.
I asked my brother to come here.
He continued to read.
也许读者发现了不定词和不同的地方：不定词不能用在介系词的后面，以下的句子都是错的：
＊I am interested in to play piano.
＊He is worried about to go abroad.
＊I am in charge of to prepare for the party.
如何将不定词用成名词呢？
1.不定词可以用作主词：如
is great fun.
To play safe in the stock market is necessary.
To be kind to others is important for every one.
To respect your parents shows good character.
2.不家词可以用成很多动词的受词：
I like to swim.
He loves to listen to jokes.
My brother seems to be different.
I agree to lend him money.
Do you like to sing?
3.不定词可以跟在代名词的后面，形式如下：
动词（verb）＋代名词（pronoun）＋不定词（infinitive）
I told him to work hard.
I asked my brother to come back home.
He expects his friends to help him.
My teacher told me to wait for him.
I invited my sister to go to see a movie.
4.不定词常用在上述句子的被动语气中，例如：
He was told to work hard.
My brother was asked to come back home.
His friend is expected to help me.
I was told by my teacher to wait.
My sister was invited to go to see a movie.
以下是更多的不定词例子：
To give is more meaningful than to receive.
I love to swim in cold weather.
He agreed to listen to my story.
to go anyway.
I told him to buy my book.
I invited him to come to my house.
I asked him to cook for me tonight.
Students are asked to work hard.
He needs to work hard.
I want you to send this letter to my father.
He requires every student to read one novel every week.
Every student is required to read one novel every week.
读者一定会问，是不是可以和不定词互调，答案是否定的，有些动词后面可以跟和不定词，但也有些动词，后面只能跟，有些动词后面只能跟不定词。
有些动词后面可以跟或不定词：love, like, hate, start, begin,以下的动词，后面只能跟：
Enjoy I enjoy eating good food.
Appreciate I appreciate your being kind to others.
Avoid You should avoid making mistakes.
keep on Keep on working hard.
keep Keep singing.
consider He considered leaving home.
finish He finished writing this book.
suggest May I suggest drinking a cup of coffee?
discuss We discussed traveling to New Zealand.
以下的动词正好相反，只能跟不定词
agree I agree to sign this letter.
plan He plans to go away.
want They want to rent a car.
to work hard.
seem He seems to be very happy.
appear He appears to be very sad.
一个字非常特殊，必须讨论一下，那就是stop：
stop smoking 指不再抽烟了
stop to smoke 指停下来，开始抽烟
9§4 动名词和不定词的被动和否定形式
将动词改成名词的时候，也可以有被动语气和否定语气，以下是一些例子：
Everyone likes to be loved.
This cup needs to be washed.
Being trusted is important.
I told him not to leave this house.
He asked me not to cry.
I was told not to fall asleep in class.
To be given a good gift on Christmas Eve makes me happy.
Being invited to that party is a great honor to me.
【练习四十一】
将下面的空格填入动名词或不定词
1. I enjoy (listen) to rock and roll music.
2. I asked him (go) away.
3. He was asked (leave).
4. I suggest (have) some fun.
5. He seems (be) a kind person.
6. You appear (be) quite tired.
7. I told him (have) a cup of wine.
8. I invited him (come) over.
9. Every one of you is required (work) hard.
10. Do you like (swim)?
11. I ordered him (read) my book.
12. I was expected (write) a letter to you.
13. He asked me (read) this letter to him.
14. Please keep (talk) to me.
15. Stop (drive) so fast. It is dangerous to drive too fast.
16. I hate (smoke).
17. (pass) the test is important.
18. (work) hard is the key to success.
19. My wife asked me to (bring) some flowers home.
20. He avoided (tell) lies.
【练习四十二】
将以下中文句子译成英文句子，用gerund或infinitive。
1.我请（invite）他到我家来。
2.我教（teach）他游泳。
3.被人爱令人快乐。
4.我讨厌（hate）抽烟。
5.我们应该避免（avoid）饮烟。
6.不要再（stop）抽烟了。
7.每个人都期待（expect）他写一本好书。
8.我要求（require）他每天念英文。
9§5 不定词的简式
不定词中一定要有to，但在有几个动词的后面，to又要省掉，最著名的是let，我们绝不可以说
＊I let him to leave.
而一定要说
I let him leave.
关键字:英语语法
n.=devil 魔鬼
n.侍者，服务员
n.点名；职业；欲望
a.迷人的 n.捕获物
[?klaesik?l]
a.经典的；传统的
a.&n.用全麦粉做的
a. 较老的，年长的
[ri?spekti?]
prep.由于；鉴于
[?spi:ki?]
n.说话 a.发言的
[pɑ:?tisipeit]
v.参与；分享；带有
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