中国的衣橱里没有绿帽？
By Craig S. Smith
Shanghai: A Washington State agriculture official
who was touring China a few years ago handed out bright green baseball
caps at every stop without noticing that none of the men would put them
on or that all the women were giggling.
Finally, a Chinese-American in the delegation took
the man aside and informed him that to wear a green hat is the Chinese
symbol of a cuckold.1
It is the bane2 of the business traveler in an
unfamiliar culture: making a comment or gesture that is meant to be
friendly but that offends or embarrasses the hosts. Mocking a man's
masculinity is only one of the inadvertent slights that visiting corporate
executives and government officals can make in China that serve to emphasize
the cultural gaps they are trying hard to minimize.3
Happily, such cross-cultural faux pas are no longer
deal killers.4 Globalization has narrowed the
cultural divide, and these days the Chinese are experienced enough in
dealing with foreigners to shrug off indiscretions.5
Even stabbing chopsticks into a bowl of rice and leaving them there
(an act of hostility among Chinese because it signifies death) would
be laughed off (nervously) by locals unless it was done with obvious
intent.6 What really matters is a friendly
attitude and a patient manner.
Even so, the worst gaffes7
still leave a bad impression and the right gestures still earn respect.
One rule of thumb8 is
understand the Chinese worldview. Don St. Pierre Jr., who has spent
his adult life doing business in China, recalls a Canadian winemaker
telling Chinese reporters in Shanghai that he expected his "ultrapremium"
wine to do well in China because it had done well in Japan and the two
cultures had so much in common.
Resentment of Japan runs very deep in China, particularly
in Shanghai, which was bombed and occupied by the Japanese during World
War II. The Chinese regard Japan's culture as derivative of their own
far more ancient traditions and bristle at Japanese notions of superiority.10
St. Pierre nudged11 the
winemaker beneath the table, but by the time the man had stopped speaking,
the room was quiet enough to hear a Champagne bubble burst. The damage
had been done, St. Pierre said, even though the wine-maker had hired
an expensive international public relations firm to brief him on what
he should and should not say. "Which shows how useful that advice can
be,"St. Pierre added.
Duncan Clark, a consultant based in Beijing, says
locally hired secretaries are generally a better first line of defense
for multinationals. He recalled that during his days at Morgan Stanley
in Hong Kong, the firm ordered expensive clocks to give as gifts commemorating
the closing of a deal. The firm's local staff caught the mistake: to
"give a clock"in Chinese sounds the same as "Seeing someone off to his
With thousands of years of accumulated cultural
snippets to sift through, an outsider cannot hope to catch every potential
pitfall.13 The Chinese language is filled with
embarrassing puns and unlucky homonyms that at best can cause snickers
behind a foreigner's back.14
Besides clocks, giving umbrellas is taboo because
doing so is homonymous with a phrase that means the person's family
will be dispersed. Books, too, are unlucky presents because "giving
a book"sounds the same as "delivering defeat."15
China's many dialects multiply the risks. Shanghai
natives chuckle at Va Bene, an expensive Italian restaurant that recently
opened in town, because the Italian name meaning "it goes well"sounds
like Shanghainese for "not cheap."16
Color is another cue that can send an unintended
message. One multinational company giving gifts from Tiffany replaced
the white ribbons on the jeweler's famous robin's-egg blue boxes with
red ribbons after the company's Shanghai employees pointed out that
white in China signifies death, while red is lucky and is used for celebrations.
Picking numbers for everything from product prices
to telephones is also tricky. Avoid 4, a homonym for death in Chinese,
and load up on 8s, a number that is pronounced the same as "Making money"in
the southern Cantonese dialect.
But even an experienced Sinologist like Clark was
mystified when his Beijing workers objected to pricing a product at
250 yuan. It turned out that in northern China, calling someone "50"is
to say the person is nuts.
Clark's confusion illustrates the regional diversity
of cultural quirks in a country as big as China.17
In the south, people tap two fingers on the table to say thanks, but
people in the north might think the gesture is just a nervous tic.
On the other hand, a few generalizations apply
across Asia. Most seasoned business travelers from the United States
and Europe caught on long ago to the tradition of indulging in small
talk and meandering toward the main point rather than getting down to
business right away.
They have also come to appreciate the importance
of "face"in Asian societies. Scott Seligman, author of "Chinese Business
Etiquette: A Guide to Protocol, Manners, and Culture in the People's
Republic of China"(Warner Books, 1999), says face is the most important
concept for foreigners in China to master.
"It's not that we don't have a concept of face,
but the Chinese raise face to high art,"he said. "It's a fragile commodity
in China that can easily be lost."
Seligman added, "The trigger doesn't have to be
extreme. You can contradict somebody in front of someone who is lower
ranking and cause the person to lose face. Even the simple act of saying
no to somebody can make that person lose face."Journalists are not immune.
This reporter once made a gaffe by suggesting in a way intended to be
complimentary that a central government official across the table was
"Probably too young to remember"some minor event in the past. In the
context in which it was said, age-obsessed Americans would have taken
the comment as a flattering suggestion that they looked too young to
remember whatever historical reference was being made.18
But in China, where age is revered,19
the comment made the official and his entourage blanch, apparently wondering
whether it was a veiled insult suggesting the man was too junior to
warrant respect.
Bob Kapp, president of the U.S.-China Business
Council, says his advice on how to avoid blunders20
in China has not changed in 30 years.
"Be modest in demeanor. Listen well. Preach little,"he
says. "Watch how others do things and follow suit."21
1. a green hat: 字面意思为：一顶绿色的帽子。中文称人妻子有外遇为戴“绿帽子”；cuckold
/#k7k2uld/: 妻子有外遇的人。
2. bane: 灾星，祸根。
3. 在男子气慨这个问题上取笑别人，这种无意中轻慢了他人的举动恰恰突出了他们与中国的文化隔阂，尽管这些到访的企业经营者和政府官员们一直努力地想要减小这种隔阂。
4. 这种文化差异造成的错误已经不再使交易的终结者了。faux pas/#f2u#pa:/:
〈法〉有失检点的话（或行为）。
5. shrug off: 对……满不在乎；对...不予理睬；indiscretion: 言行失检；不慎重，轻率，鲁莽。
6. 即使把筷子插在饭碗中（一种敌意的行为，因为这代表死亡）也会被当地人（紧张地）一笑而过，除非带有明显的意图。
7. gaffe/g*f/: （社交等场合的）失礼；失言；失态。
8. rule of thumb: （根据实际经验的）经验法则。 9. ultra-: 表示“超”，“越”；premium: 优质的；高级的。
10. 中国人认为日本文化是中国更为悠久文化的派生，并对日本人认为自己的文化更优越的想法义愤填膺。bristle: 被激怒；准备格斗。
11. nudge: 用肘轻推（以引起注意或暗示）；轻推。
12. “送钟”在中文里和“送终”发音相同。
13. 几千年文化沉积下的点点滴滴都需要探究，一个局外人是无法搞清楚每个潜在的错误的。snippet: 碎片；小部分；sift: 细查；探究；pitfall:
易犯的错误；隐患。
14. pun: 双关语；homonym: 1.同形同音异义词；2.同音异义词；3.同形异义词；snicker: 窃笑；暗笑。
15. 除了钟表，送伞也是忌讳的，因为这和“送散”同音，表示这个人的家庭会失散。书也是一个不吉利的礼物，因为“送书”和“送输”发音相同。
16. Va Bene的发音在上海方言中是“不便宜的意思”。
17. 克拉克的困惑表明在中国这样一个幅员辽阔的国家地区的多样性造成了文化上的怪异性。 quirk: 古怪举动；怪癖。
18. 在当时的情况下，对于年龄十分在意的美国人会把这样的评论看作是奉承，因为他们看起来如此年轻以至于不能记得历史中提及的事情。obsess:
（幻想、定见等）迷住；使着迷；使心神不宁。
19. revere/ri#vi2/: 尊崇，崇敬；entourage/;0ntu#ra:3/:
（总称）随行人员；blanch: 变（苍）白。
20. blunder: （由于愚蠢、无知、粗心等造成的）大错。
21. follow suit:跟着做，学着别人的样子做。
阅读感评 ■叶向阳
有了文明就有了禁忌(taboo)，而且文明越久远，积淀下来的禁忌肯定也就越多。禁忌可以反映在行为方面，但更多的是表现在语言上。跨文化的禁忌比较一直是外语教学的关注点。记得上大学的时候，英语老师总是强调中英文化的差异，而最常用的例子即是风俗习惯的不同，尤其要留意各自的禁忌。
同样，西方人为了更富有成效地与中国人打交道，也越来越关注这个东方独特文明的禁忌。以上原文就是以“老外”的亲身感受为基础总结出的经验教训。
文章说，一位美国官员在中国旅行时，为了表示友好，每到一地就发放绿色的棒球帽，结果无人领情。他不知道戴绿帽子在中国还有一层意思：妻子与人偷情。
作者最后还引用美中商会会长的话，说诸如此类的禁忌或错误三十年来在中国没有太大变化。
由此可见，中国的禁忌除了部分来源于历史文化的积淀外，更大量的是由于谐音引起的不吉祥联想。曾有人说，为什么法国的Peugeot（译为“标致”）汽车在中国销售不佳呢？在我的家乡温州“标致”车就更难看到了。因为“标致”与“婊子”谐音，而在温州就更分辨不出了。谁愿意说自己爱“婊子”并要同“她”朝夕相伴呢？中国文字的单音节决定了其众多的同音词，而中国方言的复杂性又使话语充满了陷阱。看来，讲中国话太难了。
那么，讲英文容易吗？ 先举两个例子：
一位五十出头的美籍女教师应邀去中国同事家做客。主人的四岁女儿用英语向她打招呼：“Hello, Auntie!”――这是妈妈教她遇见外籍成年女士的问候语。但这次妈妈却忙着教女儿改口：“No,
no, not Auntie. Say Granny!” 美籍女教师的反应却不以为然：“No, not Granny, please.
Just call me Auntie.”女主人以为这是谦虚，就进一步说："But that's not polite for her.
Youre so much older than I am."美籍女教师红了脸，还是坚持： Just have her call me
A Id prefer that."某位中国先生想恭维一位近五十岁的德国女士，说：“You must be very beautiful
when you were young.”“But I am still young!" 德国女士反驳道。这位中国先生真是弄巧成拙。
以上的尴尬均出于我们中国人不了解西方人对于年龄的态度。与西方人交往，在年龄问题上要特别小心，尽量避免涉及。属于此类禁忌的还有收入、对方财物的价格、婚姻状况、政治态度、宗教信仰。英语中有句话：“A
man's home is his castle”。意思是一个人的家是神圣的，不请勿入。以上列举的几个方面均属于个人私生活，随便打听就相当于“闯入”他人的“castle.”。
近年来，西方人对所谓的 "Sexist language and racist language” 非常敏感，已成为主要的禁忌语源。像美国这样的女权主义盛行同时又是多种族国家的政治家们在讲话时更是神经紧张、如履薄冰。一句不慎，可能就丢了千万张选票啊！对于“sexist
language and racist language”最敏感的无疑是弱势群体，如女性、黑人等。现在有些英语语法书或词典上规定，当指代对象性别不详时不用“he”，而用“she”；
会议主席是女性时，不用“Madame Chairman”，而用“Chairperson”；当然还未见到把“mankind”改为“personkind”甚至“womankind”的，也许总有那么一天吧，谁知道呢？
其实中国的知识女性也开始关注此类话语。如一位中国妇联的官员就“解析”过朱容基总理的一句答记者问。当香港“美女”记者问到中国妇女的地位时，朱总理说：“我挣的工资都交给了我的夫人，她的权力比我大。”妇联官员认为朱总理的话并不说明中国传统的男主外、女主内的两性地位已得到根本改变，因为女性并未摆脱“家里的，内人的”处境。
种族主义语言一般是针对有色人种，尤其是黑人的。如Blacks―nigger, boy（称成年黑人）；jews― Poles-
Chinese― Japanese―japs等等。 其实中国人也有类似的话语，如把西方人称为鬼子(devils)或洋鬼子(foreign
devils)；若是其他外国人就加上“前缀”，如“日本鬼子”“黑鬼”等等。就说后来较为中性的“大鼻子”“老外”等等，听了也很难让人舒服。
以上可以看出跨文化交际的艰辛以及文化习得的困难。外国的语言与文化似乎条条框框到处是“地雷”。其实，各种民族的禁忌最终都要归结为文化传统与价值取向，只要抓住这个关键就可用逆推法举一反三。当然，如能在异国的环境里“Be
modest，listen well, watch how others do things and follow suit”，那么要达到
“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”就指日可待了。更何况，随着全球化、地球村的出现，各国文化也在不断交流中趋向融合，许多的禁忌在淡化，在理解中逐渐消失，话语也就更加方便自由了。
当然，为了“列车不出轨”，同时避免引起他人的反感，我们必须对彼此文化的禁忌做到心中有数，并让自己适应它们，但也不能因此就教条化。就说戴“绿帽子”吧，它一直是当代中国军人的uniform；八十年代以前军装流行的时候，各种绿帽子在中国男女老少的头上满天飞；即使是现在，如果搭配得当，“绿帽子”一般也不会让人产生那种极端的联想。还有，在西方也并不是绝对不能谈年龄等个人话题。如果你真的“憋不住”，非要把有关的情况搞得一清二楚才能进入实质性的交谈，那么只要讲求策略，还是可以一试的。比较自然的方式是先谈谈自己，设法就此引出对方的情况。西方人特别是美国人不是还有frankness、innocence的一面吗？有一位英国人说：“A
Chinaman cannot say No”，原因是“It tends to cause others to lose face”。也就是说：中国人不单自己死要面子，还很顾及他人的面子。以上原文作者大致持同样的观点。几年前有一本畅销书叫《中国可以说“不”》，似乎中国刚刚学会说
“No!”其实，即使中国作为一个弱国，在近现代“不”的声音还是经常听到的，只是表达的方式并不总是如此直截了当而已。至于中国百姓说“不”就更无法统计了。西方人有时为了万一受到对方的拒绝时给自己留点面子，不是也问些诸如“You
couldn't perhaps post this letter at your convenience for me, could
you?” 这样的问题吗？在外交上，不管是东西方，这种“beating around the bushes”的话语就更多了。因此，就像现在中国的衣橱里偶然会有绿帽子那样，西方人也并不总是像理论上描述的那么铁板一块，正像一位英国作家所说：“You
simply must scrap all your theories about another race, and just open
your eyes and ears and see what you get...Remember, understanding begins
where familiarity leaves off”。2014年6月英语六级考试(新题型)冲刺模拟试卷(1)
来源：　 15:07:51　【】　
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　　62 Questions 62-66 are based on the following passage.
　　A recent BBC documentary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.
　　Although the results were entertaining, they need not have bothered. Away from the cameras, unprecedented numbers of older people are staying in work .Since the start of the recession that began in 2008, the number of 16-to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same period the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240 o000.
　　The greying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, since when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start of the recession. There are several reasons why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less daunting than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many
　　defined-benefit ( 固定收益 ) pension schemes make it a financial necessity. And changing attitudes ,spurred by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever.
　　Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time. A big advantage is that they do not pay national insurance contributions effectively a second income tax on younger workers.
　　According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this flexibility explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead of slashing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have halted recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements.Over half of workers over state pension age work for businesses with fewer than 25 employees.
　　Christopher Nieper, who owns David Nieper, a womenswear manufacturer based in Derbyshire,prizes his semi-retired workers, who can be employed at short notice and do not need to work full-time to survive. Retired machinists can fill in if there
former sales advisers can work as part-time consultants. As his competitors have moved production abroad, depleting the pool of trained labour,
　　retaining older workers and their skills has become even more important.
　　There is scope for the older workforce to expand. Workers over the age of 50 who are made unemployed find it harder to pick up new jobs, which could mean that more oldsters want to work than are able to. That would be good. The Office for Budget Responsibility, the fiscal watchdog, reported on July 12th that an ageing, unproductive population is the biggest long-term threat to Britain's economic health.
　　Data from the OECD, a think-tank, shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe, with old workers hanging on best in the north. Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern. That Britain's ageing workforce more closely resembles Germany's than Italy's could prove the country's salvation(拯救).
　　Which of the following can be inferred from the BBC documentary The Town That Never Retired?
　　What it intends to reveal is contrary to the reality.
　　It has received good comments from audience.
　　It aims to criticize the poor pension provision in the UK.
　　It reflects the current phenomenon of retirees coming back to work.
　　本题共8.2分， 参考答案: A
　　A)。定位 由题干中的BBC documentary，The Town That Never Retired定位到第一段第一、二句：A recent BBC documentary，The Town That Never Retired，sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.Although the results were entertaining，they need not have bothered.
　　详解 推理判断题。本题考查有关纪录片《永不退休的城镇》的理解。由定位句"英国广播公司最近推出一部纪录片《永不退休的城镇》，该纪录片旨在表现通过促使退休人员重回工作岗位来提高国家退休年龄这一政策所带来的影响。片子虽然有趣，但影片制作者们真是杞人忧天了"可知，实际情况是人们到了退休年龄会主动要求继续工作，与这部纪录片所要表达的内容相反，故答案为A)。B)"这部纪录片得到了观众的好评"为过度推断，该段第二句仅指出"片子虽然有趣"，故排除;C)"这部纪录片旨在批评英国糟糕的退休金条款"与D)"这部纪录片反映出目前退休职工重返工作的现象"均未在原文中提及，故排除。
　　63According to the passage, "it" ( Line 6, Para. 2 ) refers to__________.
　　age discrimination
　　the changing attitude
　　a financial necessity
　　staying in work after retiring
　　本题共8.2分， 参考答案: D
　　D)。定位 由题干定位到第二段最后一句：And changing attitudes，spurred by rules against age discrimination，are making it easier than ever.
　　详解 语义理解题。本题考查代词…it 的指代。定位句提到，而且在禁止年龄歧视规定的驱动下，人们的态度在慢慢改变，这也使之较以往更容易。该段主题为英国劳动力老龄化及其原因，定位句为劳动力老龄化的最后一点原因，故it指代退休后重返工作岗位，故答案为D)。
　　64According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE about the older workers in the UK?
　　Most of them are loyal to their former employers.
　　Most of them rarely challenge themselves by seeking new types of jobs.
　　They do not have to pay national income tax.
　　63% of them continue to work over the retirement age.
　　本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
　　B)。定位 根据题干定位到第三段第一、二句：Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office：63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years.Over two―thirds of them work part-time，mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time.
　　详解 事实细节题。本题考查英国老年劳动者的情况。定位句提到，大多数老年就业者还是坚守在原来的岗位：在超过国家退休年龄的工作者中，63%的人和雇主共事的时间已超过十年。这些人中，超过三分之二的人现在从事兼职，主要从事他们全职时曾做过的工作。换言之，年长的工作者大都很少挑战新类型的工作，故B)为答案。A)"大多数年长的工作者对之前的老板很衷心"为过度推断，故排除;C)"年长的工作者不用缴纳国家工资税"，该段最后一句指出"不用再支付国民保险税"，而非国家工资税，故排除;D)"63%的年长工作者超过退休年龄后继续工作"是对原文内容的曲解，故排除。
　　65According to Christopher Nieper, why are semi-retired workers favored in hiring?
　　Because they can fill in the job vacancy in a brief time.
　　Because the pool of labour in the UK is drained.
　　Because they work harder than the yoking because of economic pressure.
　　Because their working hours can be as flexible as they want.
　　本题共8.2分， 参考答案: A
　　A)。定位 由题干中的Christopher Nieper和semi-retired workers定位到第五段第一句：Christopher Nieper，who owns David Nieper，a womenswear manufacturer based in Derbyshire，prizes his semi―retired workers.who Can be employed at short notice and do not need to work full―time to survive.Retired machinists call fill in if there is a surge in orders.
　　详解 事实细节题。本题考查Christopher Nieper珍视他的半退休员工们的原因。由定位句可知，克里斯多夫很珍视他的半退休员工们，这些人可在短时间内上工而且并不需要全职工作来谋生，A)中的fill in the job vacancy和in abrief time分别对应原文的be employed和at short notice，故为答案。B)"因为英国劳动力已耗尽"，该段最后一句指出"抛弃了熟练的工人"，而非耗尽了所有的劳动力，故排除;C)"由于经济压力，他们比年轻的劳动力更努力工作"，定位句指出"这些人可在短时间内上工而且并不需要全职工作来谋生"，说明他们经济压力不大，与原文不符，故排除;D)"因为他们的工作时间自由，可以随意安排"为过度推断，故排除。
　　66It can be concluded from the last paragraph that __________.
　　Britain's ageing workforce is similar to Italy's
　　Britain's credit ratings are higher than Italy's
　　Britain's salvation is better than Germany's
　　Britain's employment rates of ageing workforce are higher than Germany's
　　本题共8.2分， 参考答案: B
　　B)。定位 由题干提示定位到最后一段.：……shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe，with old workers hanging Oil best in the north.Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern.That Britain's ageing workforce more closely resembles Germany's than Italy's could prove the country's salvation.
　　详解 推理判断题。定位句指出，临近退休工人的就业率在欧洲是不平衡的，在北部的老年员工就业情况最好。政府的信用级别也与此成正相关。英国的老年劳动力更类似于德国而非意大利，这一点可以证实这个国家的自救措施在起作用。由此可知，英国的老年劳动力的就业情况好于意大利，所以其政府的信用级别要高于意大利，故答案为B)。A)"英国老龄劳动力与意大利类似"与原文不符，故排除;C)"英国的解救措施好于德国"，定位句指出"英国的老龄化劳动力更类似于德国"，故无法判断孰重孰轻，为过度推断，故排除;D) "英国老龄劳动力的就业率高于德国"与原文不符，故排除。
　　Part VI Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
　　67　　中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜，有史记载用筷子的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸(zhu)，它表面上看似简单，却有多种功能。竹子是制作筷子最常见的原材料，其他的原材料有木头、骨头，在古代富人家中，贵金属(precious metals)做的筷子是很常见的。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物(mascot)，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有"和为贵"的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老东方文明的标志。 本题共106.5分
　　The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.The recorded history of chopsticks is more than three thousand years.Chopsticks are named zhu in ancient China.They look deceptively simple o se，but possess multi―various functions.Bamboo tends to be the most popular raw material to make chopsticks.Other
　　materials include wood and bone，and chopsticks made of precious metals are not uncommon among the wealthy in ancient times.Chopsticks are taken as a mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.For example，the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike eating、with knives and forks or、with one's own hands.a pair of chopsticks implies the meaning of"Harmony is what matters".Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a mark of ancient oriental civilization.
　　1.第一句中，"在世界上独树一帜"可以译为be"有史记载"可以译为the recorded history。
　　2.第二句中，"表面上"用副词deceptively来表示。
　　3.第三句中，用一个双重否定的结构are not uncommon来表达"在古代富人家中，贵金属做的筷子是很常见的"这句话的含义。
　　4.第四旬中，"隐喻"在这里是指筷子的谐音，可以译为the partial tone。
　　6.第五句中"和为贵"可以译为Harmony is what matters。
　　6.第六句将中文的主动句译为英语的被动句，这样句子会显得更具有连贯性。&&&&&&&&7&
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