权威聚焦：全球 200+媒体倾力推荐
可以替代医院的治疗仪器
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不仅凝聚科技，更具权威认证
Johann Wolfgang
Kurt Georg Kiesinger
儿童心理研究者
Paul Joseph
精神科医生
Johann Sebastian Bach
失眠临床医师
Werner Heisenberg
精神科医师
“我们在医院使用安思利普一年了……安思利普真的是个很棒的治疗仪器。我发现安思利普有着惊人的效果。它不仅让病人从焦虑和失眠中解脱出来，还减轻了 患者的躯体疼痛。"
"我发现它的适应性很强，对焦虑抑郁都能取得比较好的疗效。效果比较显著和快速，病人比较容易接收和坚持。我妻子病情好转，这简直让人喜出望外！虽然还没痊愈，但可以看到明显的改变。比我们以前尝试过的方法都要好。”
”最近一个月，是我10年来第一次睡得很好并且醒来感觉精神焕发。在处理工作突发的情况时我可以冷静处理。安思利普好像给我们的心灵打开了一扇窗户，让我们保持自信和清醒。我们非常相信它的效果。"
“安思利普对不同类型的失眠、抑郁、焦虑、多动、抽动、自闭均有令人惊叹的效果。经过20分钟或60分钟的治疗，他们都能找到一种平和、放松的感觉，而这种平静的感觉，可以帮助他们在生活中更好的解决一些挑战。"
“这之前我尝试过昂贵的助眠床、药物、泡澡、生物反馈、神经反馈等方法，没有一个像安思利普这样简单而持久。安思利普在我的诊所使用以来，患者们的焦虑情绪得到了明显的控制，这点出乎我们所有人的意料。”
安思利普承担共同责任——科学对抗抑郁症
在全世界，每年有近3000万成年人罹患重度抑郁症，而中国已登记的抑郁症患者有3600万。据世界卫生组织和美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院预测：2020年，抑郁症将成为人类仅次于心血管疾病的第二大疾病。安思利普，作为应用非药物治疗抑郁症的典范，一直走在抗抑郁研究的前沿。其团队坚持收集与抑郁症相关资料，用科学的手段提供抗抑郁治疗方案。
抗抑郁第一步了解抑郁症患者情绪低落，兴趣减退，悲观厌世，躯体不适……
对于深受这些困扰的患者，医生的建议是：请寻求帮助。但是这个简单易行的建议对于抑郁症患者却很难接受，甚至拒绝接受。其实，这是抑郁症常见的一种症状：否认或是完全没有意识到自己已经患病。也是精神疾病治疗和其它疾病治疗之间的一个主要区别。这种现象在医学上被称为“病觉缺失”。抑郁症患者仿佛是透过灰色的眼睛看世界，当被告知已经患上抑郁症，应该接受治疗，他们会觉得自己被指责为一个彻头彻尾的失败者。抑郁症的伤害，不只造成患者长时间情绪低落、丧失各种兴趣，甚至将患者招人喜欢的许多特性彻底抹灭。
抗抑郁第二步如何帮助抑郁症患者
抑郁症患者无法意识自己患病，因此亲友要做好患者的心理工作，让患者接受治疗：当好患者的倾诉对象，建立充分的信任，使患者抒发心中的压抑，帮助患者走出抑郁。抑郁症的治疗手段并不单一。常规的治疗方法有：心理治疗、药物治疗、物理治疗。研究表明，心理治疗适合轻中度抑郁，尤其适合合并其他疗法治疗；药物在临床应用较普遍，如果第一种药没有效果，可以尝试其他药物；物理疗法（如安思利普）由于安全性相对药物较高，易被抑郁症患者及家庭接受。为了进一步巩固患者的病情，运动、饲养宠物、社会支持等对抑郁症的康复也带来较大的帮助。需要注意的是对于常有轻生厌世念头的抑郁症患者，亲友应密切关注，严加防范。
抗抑郁第三步最优化的治疗方案
虽然临床上常规治疗方法是使用药物，但是给抑郁症患者带来不少困扰：药物的副作用，对本身脆弱的抑郁症患者而言难以忍受；且抗抑郁很容易形成依赖，很多患者不敢长期服用。有过停药经验的患者深有感触：一旦停药，症状立即反复，并且需要加大剂量继续服药。安思利普团队致力于探索帮助患者减少甚至替代药物的治疗方法。由南京赤兔医疗器械有限公司携手德国马克斯普朗克学会神经学研究所、中华精神学协会、南京仁康神经内科研究院等国内外多个医疗学术研究机构所开发和生产的。经过上千次的临床试验证明，安思利普能够有效治疗失眠症、抑郁症、焦虑症、多动抽动自闭等精神、心理疾病。目前，安思利普已帮助全球100万用户重拾自信、愉悦的心境。（更多详情拨打免费热线进行咨询）
抗抑郁第四步收获健康的生活
上海的方先生（化名）是位化工企业的中层领导，抑郁伴失眠已有10年。如很多患者一样，他从没有想过自己会患抑郁症，他对医生服药治疗的建议很反感，拒绝承认自己的病情。整整10天无法入眠，更难以集中精力工作，方先生开始接受药物，但是一服药便出现全身颤抖的副反应，令他很难坚持服用下去。几次停药均已失败告终。
方先生一直说自己很幸运遇到安思利普，治疗四个疗程后完全脱离药物，现在如重获新生：情绪稳定，能正常和身边人开怀大笑，谈起抑郁症和5-羟色胺的关系俨然一位医学专家。他大方地向他人分享自己的治疗经历，希望每一位抑郁症患者都能像他样健康生活。因为科技，我们可以避免药物的副作用。安思利普志在帮助抑郁症患者以更少的代价，选取更优的治疗方案。
安思利普正与全球每一个抑郁症家庭努力，共同对抗抑郁症，关爱抑郁症患者的健康。
（作者：王林）
安思利普开启儿童多动症、抽动症、自闭症治疗新纪元
多动、抽动症和自闭症大多是由于病毒感染、产伤、脑缺氧、剖腹产、早产、过期产、钳产、以及外伤等因素造成孩子脑神经发育障碍或脑功能失调，治疗的关键在于修复受损神经和促进大脑发育。
安思利普由南京赤兔医疗器械有限公司携手德国马克斯普朗克学会神经学研究所、中华精神学协会、南京仁康神经内科研究院等国内外多位医疗学术研究机构所开发和生产的。经过上千次的临床试验证明，安思利普能够有效治疗多动症、抽动症、自闭症等神经内科系统疾病。
儿童大脑电波的紊乱，造成应该睡眠、疲倦的δ波段、进入放松状态的θ波段以及清醒安静时候的α波段都不能按照正常顺序频次和时长进行释放，长时间的紊乱导致脑部神经递质得不到充分的刺激和分泌，就会一直被紧张、亢奋和警惕状态的β波段控制，长期的恶性循环得不到纠正，就会直接引起儿童型的多动、抽动和自闭症状。
安斯利普儿童治疗仪以最温和的方式介入儿童大脑电波的释放规律，通过外部耳夹的微电流刺激，模拟出大脑异常的波段信号，并且在治疗过程中延长波段的时间，从而更深层次的控制和改善脑电波的异常发射和频次紊乱，同时唤醒不能够正常工作的神经元进而分泌神经递质，平衡脑部生物电流的正负极内外平衡，最终达到自我修复脑电波和治愈神经递质分泌紊乱的目的。
为了使安思利普更适合儿童正在生长发育的身体特点，科研人员在波形、频谱和电流输出的强度方面都做了适当的优化，使得波形的稳定性及电流的输出更显得柔和，便于儿童使用。优化之后的安思利普对于儿童的身体发育和大脑发育的影响已经将至最低，儿童在使用的时候，请家长务必陪同，电流的强度不宜过高，否则患儿还是会有头晕目眩的感觉。关于儿童的使用疗程，家长要在详细咨询医生和专业的客服人员之后，才能给患儿进行治疗。
上千次临床疗效证明，安斯利普治疗仪能够有效治疗儿童多动症、抽动症和自闭症。同时我们建议，儿童治疗时必须在成人监护下进行，达到更安全、更有效的完成治疗过程。
安思利普已经帮助全球 100多万的用户摆脱病痛。通过90年在全球的不断耕耘，取得了很好的市场反响。安思利普成功的秘诀是贴心的客服服务，和由此带来的患者间的口碑相传。
第65届中国国际医博会安思利普治疗仪深受关注
日，第65届中国国际医疗器械博览会在深圳会展中心开幕。中国国际医疗器械博览会(CMEF)自1979年创办以来，经过30多年的不断发展，已成为亚太地区最大的医疗器械及相关产品、服务展览会，本届医博会共吸引了20多个国家和地区的2400家企业参展。
国际企业的参展大大提升展会的国际化水平，同时也将国际上的先进医疗技术与最新产品带进国内市场，为国内医疗产业的进步做出贡献。越来越多的国际企业选择到中国开拓市场。像西门子、强生、南京赤兔等都在中国有着成功案例。
本届医博会以“基础医疗解决方案”为主题，作为德国马克斯普朗克学会神经学研究所研发、南京赤兔医疗授权生产的安思利普治疗仪，就解决家庭基础心理疾病治疗这一亮点，在此次医博会上深受各方关注。
目前，中国在高速发展的背景下，越来越多的人面临着各方面的精神压力。因此而引发的心理疾病人数约有1亿人左右，其中焦虑、抑郁、失眠患者占绝大多数。作为国内唯一通过中国药监局(SFDA)、美国药监局(FDA)双重认证的安思利普治疗仪，依靠特有的专利波形，能够有效地治疗焦虑、抑郁、失眠这三种常见的心理疾病。并且，因为体积小巧、携带方便的特点，填补了国内治疗心理疾病家用医疗器械领域的空白。
在医疗器械日趋成熟与完善的今天，安思利普治疗仪作为国内家用心理医疗设备的典范，让更多的国内精神心理疾病患者体验到了真正的欧式的便民贴身服务。虽然传统的药物治疗方式在国内使用还比较频繁，但是，随着国际医博会的长期举办与推广，相信不久的将来，像安思利普这种非药物家用医疗设备，终会成为治疗的首选方式。
安思利普治疗失眠、抑郁、焦虑“三步曲”
安思利普是由南京赤兔医疗器械有限公司携手德国马克斯普朗克学会神经学研究所、中华精神学协会、南京仁康神经内科研究院等国内外多位医疗学术研究机构所开发和生产的。经过上千次的临床试验证明，安思利普能够有效治疗失眠、抑郁、焦虑等神经内科系统疾病。
据中华医学会2009年的数据显示，中国约有1亿人患有焦虑、抑郁、失眠等精神、心理疾病，而其中约90%的患者未接受诊断和治疗。资料还显示，城市人员的患病率明显高于农村。如何放松心情，减少压力；又如何停掉安眠药物，摆脱抑郁焦虑情绪，是大多数高压力人群关心的话题。
安思利普长期关注心理疾患的痛楚，针对心理疾病患者不愿就医和迫切的想摆脱药物依赖性的特点，推出了专为家庭和个人使用的安思利普治疗仪。同时安思利普治疗仪本着对心理患者的同情心与对心理专业的领域的了解，不断致力为心理疾病的治疗和康复提供新的疾病管理思路。
姓名：高翔 性别：男
年龄：30岁 职业：外企精英
在外人看来30岁的高翔年轻有为，意气风发，工作好，薪水高。就是在他事业蒸蒸日上的时候，高翔却频频出现了胸闷、心慌不止、心悸的症状。经常躺在床上想的都是销售任务如何完成的事情，经常整晚整晚失眠；白天精神萎靡、心慌，几乎无法正常工作。高翔做了全面体检，没有发现任何器质性病变。医生建议他去心理科看看。
安思利普专家建议，治疗第一步：放松训练
针对高翔的症状排除了心血管疾病的可能性，就是一个典型的广泛性焦虑发作。由于平时工作中持续的高压力状态没有得到很好的放松，焦虑情绪逐渐转化成焦虑症。运动是很好的减压方法，建议像高翔这样的白领精英在日常的工作之后进行自我放松的疗法，比如下班后的健身运动，周末郊游等。也可以选择使用安思利普治疗仪进行放松治疗。在安思利普的帮助下，可以快速的达到放松状态。在开始出现这些症状时切不可盲目使用各种安眠药或镇静剂，以避免出现药物依赖的情况。
姓名：孙玲秀 性别：女
年龄：35岁 职业：全职太太
35岁的孙玲秀是一个全职主妇，儿子刚刚上了小学，老公是政府官员，生活富足美满。每天送走儿子上学后就会担心在学校会不会不认真听讲，会不会被小朋友欺负。老师有没有可能忽略孩子。到了下午，由于老公工作繁忙，应酬又多，她经常担心老公的身体状况，同时还非常担心老公对自己变心，觉得活着没意思等等。虽然生活很悠闲，但几个月下来人憔悴了好多，心情也萎靡不振，家人都觉得孙女士像变了一个人。
安思利普专家建议，治疗第二步：规范治疗
孙女士是一个典型的由于生活发生变化而产生的抑郁症状。儿子突然上学让忙忙碌碌的主妇生活闲了下来，孙女士来不及适应这个改变，出现了一些情绪问题，长时间没有解决，最后越变越差，对自己和家人也产生了影响。 像这样的患者，安思利普专家建议，先去正规的精神心理科医院诊断，疾病确诊后，听从医嘱进行相应的治疗。目前的治疗方法主要有药物治疗、物理治疗、心理咨询。患者要认真阅读药品的说明书，重视禁忌症和副作用。因为精神类药物往往是通过神经系统的药理作用起效，而神经系统会影响到人的五脏六腑和肝肾功能，且精神科药物往往需要长期服用和成瘾，所以在进行药物治疗的同时要认真阅读药品说明书。如果出现禁忌症，可选择物理治疗设备如安思利普进行长期治疗。
姓名：李婉云 性别：女
年龄：56岁 职业：退休教授
李女士退休1年，丈夫在去年的一场意外车祸中去世，本来安逸的老年生活受到了重创。李女士曾一度想过结束生命，但是在儿女的支持下，活了下来。可是整日以泪洗面，心情惨淡。在确诊了抑郁症后，李女士一直坚持服用某进口抗抑郁药物，服药3个月后见到了一些效果。儿女也没有太注意这个过程，觉得药有效果吃下去吧。直到一年后的体检，结果发现血相改变，以及肝功能和肾功能都有了几个星号。这可让儿女们吓坏了。
安思利普专家建议，治疗第三步：科学停药
李女士是重度抑郁患者，这类患者不仅要注意心理问题，同时提醒家属要关注行为的变化，防止自杀行为。此时药物切不可突然停掉，一定要在医生的嘱咐下来调节使用。如果已经出现误诊误治、药物依赖、成瘾或长期治疗无效，需要选择有效的物理治疗方法。目前安思利普是被验证安全有效的产品。通过安思利普的治疗，患者可以逐步减少药物使用，达到替代药物治疗的目的。经过安思利普的有效治疗，大多数患者最终可以恢复正常。安思利普在国外主要应用于对药物依赖、成瘾和严重焦虑、抑郁、失眠疾病的治疗。
另外需要提醒的是，焦虑、抑郁、失眠既不是绝症也不可轻视，它们是一类容易反复发作的常见疾病，需要长期的预防和治疗。焦虑、抑郁、失眠如同心理的“感冒”，所有的治疗方法都无法做到永久预防。而有过患病史的人会较其他人更容易再次出现焦虑、抑郁、失眠这类精神心理疾病，所以常备 安思利普可以做到随时防治，有效治疗并减少疾病复发，轻松生活。
Source of EEG activity
The brain's electrical charge is maintained by billions of neurons. Neurons are electrically charged (or "polarized") by membrane transport proteins that pump ions across their membranes. Neurons are constantly exchanging ions with the extracellular milieu, for example to maintain resting potential and to propagate action potentials. Ions of similar charge repel each other, and when many ions are pushed out of many neurons at the same time, they can push their neighbours, who push their neighbours, and so on, in a wave. This process is known as volume conduction. When the wave of ions reaches the electrodes on the scalp, they can push or pull electrons on the metal on the electrodes. Since metal conducts the push and pull of electrons easily, the difference in push or pull voltages between any two electrodes can be measured by a voltmeter. Recording these voltages over time gives us the EEG.
The electric potential generated by an individual neuron is far too small to be picked up by EEG or MEG.[9] EEG activity therefore always reflects the summation of the synchronous activity of thousands or millions of neurons that have similar spatial orientation. If the cells do not have similar spatial orientation, their ions do not line up and create waves to be detected. Pyramidal neurons of the cortex are thought to produce the most EEG signal because they are well-aligned and fire together. Because voltage fields fall off with the square of distance, activity from deep sources is more difficult to detect than currents near the skull.
Scalp EEG activity shows oscillations at a variety of frequencies. Several of these oscillations have characteristic frequency ranges, spatial distributions and are associated with different states of brain functioning (e.g., waking and the various sleep stages). These oscillations represent synchronized activity over a network of neurons. The neuronal networks underlying some of these oscillations are understood (e.g., the thalamocortical resonance underlying sleep spindles), while many others are not (e.g., the system that generates the posterior basic rhythm). Research that measures both EEG and neuron spiking finds the relationship between the two is complex, with a combination of EEG power in the gamma band and phase in the delta band relating most strongly to neuron spike activity.
How EEG is performed
Routine EEG recordings usually take 20-40 minutes (see below), although a typical appointment will last for about an hour including some preparation time at the beginning plus some time at the end.
The test is usually carried out as an outpatient procedure by a highly trained clinical physiologist who has specialised in neurophysiology (the study of the workings of the nervous system).
The clinical physiologist will explain the procedure to you, and you’ll be able to ask any questions that you have. You'll also be asked to agree or decline to have the various parts of the test (consent). The EEG procedure is painless and you should feel comfortable throughout.
The skin on your scalp will be cleansed and about 20 electrodes (small discs) will be attached to specific areas, measured out in the correct locations.
The electrodes will be connected to an EEG machine by thin leads. The machine records your brain wave activity for later analysis.
Afterwards, the electrodes will be removed and your scalp cleaned. You may also want to wash your hair afterwards.
After you’ve left the EEG department, the recordings will be analysed and used for the purposes of diagnosis and
treatment.
How the Test is Performed
Brain cells communicate with each other by producing tiny electrical signals, called impulses.
An EEG measures this activity. The test is done by an EEG technologist in your doctor's office or at a hospital or laboratory.
The test is done in the following way:
You lie on your back on a bed or in a reclining chair.
Flat metal disks called electrodes are placed all over your scalp. The disks are held in place with a sticky paste. The electrodes are connected by wires to a recording machine. The machine changes the electrical signals into patterns that can be seen on a monitor or drawn on paper. It looks like wavy lines.
You need to lie still during the test with your eyes closed. This is because movement can change the results. You may be asked to do certain things during the test, such as breathe fast and deeply for several minutes or look at a bright flashing light.
If your doctor needs to monitor your brain activity for a longer period, an ambulatory EEG will be ordered. In addition to the electrodes, you will wear or carry a special recorder for up to three days. You will be able to go about your normal routine as the EEG is being recorded.
How to Prepare for the Test.
Wash your hair the night before the test. Do not use conditioner, oils, sprays, or gel on your hair. If you have a hair weave, ask your doctor or nurse for special instructions.
Your health care provider may want you to stop taking certain medicines before the test. Do not change or stop taking any medicines without first talking to your health care provider. Bring a list of your medicines with you.
Avoid all food and drinks containing caffeine for 8 hours before the test.
You may need to sleep during the test. If so, you may be asked to reduce your sleep time the night before. If you are asked to sleep as little as possible before the test, do not eat or drink any caffeine, energy drinks, or other products that help you stay awake.
Follow any other specific instructions you are given.
How the Test will Feel
The electrodes may feel sticky and strange on your scalp, but should not cause any other discomfort. You should not feel any discomfort during the test.
Why the Test is Performed
EEG is used to look at your brain activity. It can be used to diagnose or monitor the following health conditions:
Abnormal changes in body chemistry that affect the brain
Brain diseases, such as Alzheimer disease
Fainting spells or periods of memory loss that cannot be explained otherwise
Head injuries
Infections
EEG is also used to:
Evaluate problems with sleep (sleep disorders)
Monitor the brain during brain surgery
An EEG may be done to show that the brain has no activity, in the case of someone who is in a deep coma. It can be helpful when trying to decide if a person is brain dead.
Method（墨西哥环球电视台）
Computer ElectroencephalographNeurovisor-BMM 40In conventional scalp EEG, the recording is obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp with a conductive gel or paste, usually after preparing the scalp area by light abrasion to reduce impedance due to dead skin cells. Many systems typically use electrodes, each of which is attached to an individual wire. Some systems use caps or nets into which ele this is particularly common when high-density arrays of electrodes are needed.Electrode locations and names are specified by the International 10–20 systemfor most clinical and research applications (except when high-density arrays are used). This system ensures that the naming of electrodes is consistent across laboratories. In most clinical applications, 19 recording electrodes (plus ground and system reference) are used.[32] A smaller number of electrodes are typically used when recording EEG from neonates.
Additional electrodes can be added to the standard set-up when a clinical or research application demands increased spatial resolution for a particular area of the brain. High-density arrays (typically via cap or net) can contain up to 256 electrodes more-or-less evenly spaced around the scalp.Each electrode is connected to one input of a differential amplifier (one amplifier per pair of electrodes); a common system reference electrode is connected to the other input of each differential amplifier. These amplifiers amplify the voltage between the active electrode and the reference (typically 1,000–100,000 times, or 60–100 dB of voltage gain). In analog EEG, the signal is then filtered (next paragraph), and the EEG signal is output as the deflection of pens as paper passes underneath. Most EEG systems these days, however, are digital, and the amplified signal is digitized via an analog-to-digital converter, after being passed through an anti-aliasing filter.
Analog-to-digital sampling typically occurs at 256–512 Hz in clinical scalp EEG; sampling rates of up to 20 kHz are used in some research applications.During the recording, a series of activation procedures may be used. These procedures may induce normal or abnormal EEG activity that might not otherwise be seen. These procedures include hyperventilation, photic stimulation (with a strobe light), eye closure, mental activity, sleep and sleep deprivation. During (inpatient) epilepsy monitoring, a patient's typical seizure medications may be withdrawn.The digital EEG signal is stored electronically and can be filtered for display. Typical settings for the high-pass filter and a low-pass filter are 0.5-1 Hz and 35–70 Hz, respectively. The high-pass filter typically filters out slow artifact, such as electrogalvanic signals and movement artifact, whereas the low-pass filter filters out high-frequency artifacts, such as electromyographic signals.
An additional notch filter is typically used to remove artifact caused by electrical power lines (60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in many other countries).[1]As part of an evaluation for epilepsy surgery, it may be necessary to insert electrodes near the surface of the brain, under the surface of the dura mater. This is accomplished via burr hole or craniotomy. This is referred to variously as "electrocorticography (ECoG)", "intracranial EEG (I-EEG)" or "subdural EEG (SD-EEG)". Depth electrodes may also be placed into brain structures, such as the amygdala or hippocampus, structures, which are common epileptic foci and may not be "seen" clearly by scalp EEG. The electrocorticographic signal is processed in the same manner as digital scalp EEG (above), with a couple of caveats. ECoG is typically recorded at higher sampling rates than scalp EEG because of the requirements of Nyquist theorem—the subdural signal is composed of a higher predominance of higher frequency components. Also, many of the artifacts that affect scalp EEG do not impact ECoG, and therefore display filtering is often not needed.A typical adult human EEG signal is about 10 uV to 100 uV in amplitude when measured from the scalp[33] and is about 10–20 mV when measured from subdural electrodes.Since an EEG voltage signal represents a difference between the voltages at two electrodes, the display of the EEG for the reading encephalographer may be set up in one of several ways. The representation of the EEG channels is referred to as a montage.
Wave patterns（巴西·圣保罗州报）
delta waves.
Delta is the frequency range up to 4 Hz. It tends to be the highest in amplitude and the slowest waves. It is seen normally in adults in slow wave sleep. It is also seen normally in babies. It may occur focally with subcortical lesions and in general distribution with diffuse lesions, metabolic encephalopathy hydrocephalus or deep midline lesions. It is usually most prominent frontally in adults (e.g. FIRDA - Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta) and posteriorly in children (e.g. OIRDA - Occipital Intermittent Rhythmic Delta).
theta waves.
Theta is the frequency range from 4 Hz to 7 Hz. Theta is seen normally in young children. It may be seen in drowsiness or arousal in older it can also be seen in meditation.[46] Excess theta for age represents abnormal activity. It can be seen as a focal disturbance in focal it can be seen in generalized distribution in diffuse disorder or metabolic encephalopathy or deep midline disorders or some instances of hydrocephalus. On the contrary this range has been associated with reports of relaxed, meditative, and creative states.
alpha waves.
Alpha is the frequency range from 7 Hz to 14 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he saw as the "alpha wave". This was the "posterior basic rhythm" (also called the "posterior dominant rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm"), seen in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, higher in amplitude on the dominant side. It emerges with closing of the eyes and with relaxation, and attenuates with eye opening or mental exertion. The posterior basic rhythm is actually slower than 8 Hz in young children (therefore technically in the theta range).
sensorimotor rhythm aka mu rhythm.In addition to the posterior basic rhythm, there are other normal alpha rhythms such as the mu rhythm (alpha activity in the contralateral sensory and motorcortical areas) that emerges when the han and the "third rhythm" (alpha activity in the temporal or frontal lobes).A for example, an EEG that has diffuse alpha occurring in coma and is not responsive to external stimuli is referred to as "alpha coma".
beta waves.
Beta is the frequency range from 15 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely linked to motor behavior and is generally attenuated during active movements. Low amplitude beta with multiple and varying frequencies is often associated with active, busy or anxious thinking and active concentration. Rhythmic beta with a dominant set of frequencies is associated with various pathologies and drug effects, especiallybenzodiazepines. It may be absent or reduced in areas of cortical damage. It is the dominant rhythm in patients who are alert or anxious or who have their eyes open.
gamma waves.
Gamma is the frequency range approximately 30–100 Hz. Gamma rhythms are thought to represent binding of different populations of neurons together into a network for the purpose of carrying out a certain cognitive or motor function.
Mu ranges 8–13 Hz., and partly overlaps with other frequencies. It reflects the synchronous firing of motor neurons in rest state. Mu suppression is thought to reflect motor mirror neuron systems, because when an action is observed, the pattern extinguishes, possibly because of the normal neuronal system and the mirror neuron system "go out of sync", and interfere with each other.
EEG cannot be used to measure intelligence.（英国·太阳报）
Normal Results
Brain electrical activity has a certain number of waves per second (frequencies) that are normal for different levels of alertness. For example, brain waves are faster when you are awake, and slower in certain stages of sleep.
here are also normal patterns to these waves.
Note: A normal EEG does not mean that a seizure did not occur.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results on an EEG test may be due to:
Abnormal bleeding (hemorrhage)
An abnormal structure in the brain (such as a brain tumor)
Tissue death due to a blockage in blood flow (cerebral infarction)
Drug or alcohol abuse
Head injury
Migraines (in some cases)
Seizure disorder (such as epilepsy)
Sleep disorder (such as narcolepsy)
Swelling of the brain (edema)
An EEG test is very safe. The flashing lights or fast breathing (hyperventilation) required during the test may trigger seizures in those with seizure disorders. The health care provider performing the EEG is trained to take care of you if this happens.
Alternative Names
E Brain wave test
References
Emerson RG, Pedley TA. Clinical neurophysiology: electroencephalography and evoked potentials. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier S 2012:chap 32A.
Update Date: 2/10/2014
Updated by: Joseph V. Campellone, M.D., Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Types of EEG（英国·Daily Express）
he main types of EEG are explained below.
Routine EEGA
routine EEG recording lasts for about 20-40 minutes.During the test, you’ll be asked to rest quietly and from time to time to open or close your eyes. In most recordings you’ll be asked to breathe deeply in and out for about three minutes.At the end of the procedure, provided you've agreed, a strobe light will be placed nearby and you'll see bright flashes of light which are repeated at different speeds.The reasons for doing this and your consent will always be clearly established beforehand.
Sleep EEGA
sleep EEG is carried out while you're asleep. It may be used if a routine EEG doesn't show any conclusive features, or to test for sleep disorders.While you’re asleep your brainwave patterns change significantly, and useful information related to your condition can be obtained. If necessary, to promote sleep, you may be asked to stay awake during the preceding night.
Ambulatory EEG
An ambulatory EEG is where brain activity is recorded throughout the day and night, over a period of one or more days.You’ll be given a small portable EEG recorder that can be clipped onto your clothing. It will record your EEG activity during the whole day and night.
Video telemetry
Video telemetry, also known as video EEG, is a special type of EEG that simultaneously videos you and records your brain wave activity.It’s used when an EEG and continuous intensive monitoring are needed. For example, it can be used to see what a child is doing while they’re having a seizure. This can help diagnose the type of epilepsy that they have, where the seizure starts and how the electrical activity spreads through their brain.Video telemetry is usually carried out on an in-patient basis in a purpose built hospital suite. It usually takes place day and night for up to five days, unless enough information about the seizure is recorded over a shorter period.The EEG signals are transmitted wirelessly to a base-station (a computer processing unit). The video is both recorded at the base-station and kept under regular surveillance by trained staff so they can respond immediately if there are any problems.
Electroencephalography is where the brain's electrical activity is recorded to help diagnose or manage certain conditions
Research use（法国·Galenue）
EEG, and the related study of ERPs are used extensively in neuroscience, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics and psychophysiological research. Many EEG techniques used in research are not standardized sufficiently for clinical use.Relative advantages.
The first human EEG recording obtained by Hans Berger in 1924. The upper tracing is EEG, and the lower is a 10 Hz timing signal.Several other methods to study brain function exist, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),positron emission tomography, magnetoencephalography (MEG), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Electrocorticography, Single-photon emission computed tomography, Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), andEvent-related optical signal (EROS). Despite the relatively poor spatial sensitivity of EEG, it possesses multiple advantages over some of these techniques:
Hardware costs are significantly lower than those of most other techniques .
EEG sensors can be used in more places than fMRI, SPECT, PET, MRS, or MEG, as these techniques require bulky and immobile equipment. For example, MEG requires equipment consisting of liquid helium-cooled detectors that can be used only in magnetically shielded rooms, altogether costing upwards of sevand fMRI requires the use of a 1-ton magnet in, again, a shielded room.
EEG has very high temporal resolution, on the order of milliseconds rather than seconds. EEG is commonly recorded at sampling rates between 250 and 2000 Hz in clinical and research settings, but modern EEG data collection systems are capable of recording at sampling rates above 20,000 Hz if desired. MEG and EROS are the only other noninvasive cognitive neuroscience techniques that acquire data at this level of temporal resolution.
EEG is relatively tolerant of subject movement, unlike most other neuroimaging techniques. There even exist methods for minimizing, and even eliminating movement artifacts in EEG data.
EEG is silent, which allows for better study of the responses to auditory stimuli.
EEG does not aggravate claustrophobia, unlike fMRI, PET, MRS, SPECT, and sometimes MEG.
EEG does not involve exposure to high-intensity (>1 Tesla) magnetic fields, as in some of the other techniques, especially MRI and MRS. These can cause a variety of undesirable issues with the data, and also prohibit use of these techniques with participants that have metal implants in their body, such as metal-containing pacemakers.
EEG does not involve exposure to radioligands, unlike positron emission tomography.
ERP studies can be conducted with relatively simple paradigms, compared with IE block-design fMRI studies.
Extremely uninvasive, unlike Electrocorticography, which actually requires electrodes to be placed on the surface of the brain.
EEG also has some characteristics that compare favorably with behavioral testing:
EEG can detect covert processing (i.e., processing that does not require a response)
EEG can be used in subjects who are incapable of making a motor response
Some ERP components can be detected even when the subject is not attending to the stimuli
Unlike other means of studying reaction time, ERPs can elucidate stages of processing (rather than just the final end result)
EEG is a powerful tool for tracking brain changes during different phases of life. EEG sleep analysis can indicate significant aspects of the timing of brain development, including evaluating adolescent brain maturation.Brain activity can also be monitored by ct's.
In EEG there is a better understanding of what signal is measured as compared to other research techniques, i.e. the BOLD response in MRI.
Different types of normal brain waves（英国BBC电视台）
An EEG records patterns of brain activity. Among the basic waveforms are the alpha, beta, theta, and delta rhythms.
Alpha waves occur at a frequency of 8 to 12 cycles per second in a regular rhythm. They are present only when you are awake but have your eyes closed. Usually they disappear when you open your eyes or start mentally concentrating.
Beta waves occur at a frequency of 13 to 30 cycles per second. They are usually associated with anxiety, depression, or the use of sedatives.
Theta waves occur at a frequency of 4 to 7 cycles per second. They are most common in children and young adults.
Delta waves occur at a frequency of 0.5 to 3.5 cycles per second. They generally occur only in young children during sleep.
During an EEG, typically about 100 pages or computer screens of activity are evaluated. Special attention is paid to the basic waveforms, but brief bursts of energy and responses to stimuli, such as light, are also examined.
Reasons for the procedure（德国法兰克福电视台）
The EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain disorders. When epilepsy is present, seizure activity will appear as rapid spiking waves on the EEG.
Patients with lesions of the brain, which can result from tumors or stroke, may have unusually slow EEG waves, depending on the size and the location of the lesion.
The test can also be used to diagnose other disorders that influence brain activity, such as Alzheimer's disease, certain psychoses, and a sleep disorder called narcolepsy.
The EEG may also be used to determine the overall electrical activity of the brain (for example, to evaluate trauma, drug intoxication, or extent of brain damage in comatose patients). The EEG may also be used to monitor blood flow in the brain during surgical procedures.
There may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend an EEG.
Risks of the procedure（德国世界报）
The EEG has been used for many years and is considered a safe procedure. The test causes no discomfort. The electrodes only record activity and do not produce any sensation. In addition, there is no risk of getting an electric shock.
In rare instances, an EEG can cause seizures in a person with a seizure disorder due to the flashing lights or the deep breathing that may be involved during the test. If this occurs, a doctor will treat the seizure immediately.
There may be other risks depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor prior to the procedure.
Certain factors or conditions may interfere with the reading of an EEG test. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) caused by fasting
Body or eye movement during the tests (but this will rarely, if ever, actually interfere significantly with the interpretation of the test)
Lights, especially bright or flashing ones
Certain medications, such as sedatives
Drinks containing caffeine, such as coffee, cola, and tea (while these drinks can occasionally alter the EEG results, this almost never actually interferes significantly with the interpretation of the test)
Oily hair or the presence of hair spray
Electroencephalogram (EEG)（马来西亚星洲日报）
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of your brain. Special sensors are attached to your head and hooked by wires to a computer. The computer records your brain's electrical activity on the screen or on paper as wavy lines. Certain conditions, such as seizures, can be seen by the changes in the normal pattern of the brain's electrical activity.Why It Is DoneAn electroencephalogram (EEG) may be done to:
Diagnose epilepsy and see what type of seizures are occurring. EEG is the most useful and important test in confirming a diagnosis ofepilepsy.
Check for problems with loss of consciousness or dementia.
Help find out a person's chance of recovery after a change inconsciousness.
Find out if a person who is in a coma is brain-dead.
Study sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy.
Watch brain activity while a person is receiving general anesthesia during brain surgery.
Help find out if a person has a physical problem (problems in the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system) or a mental health problem.
How To PrepareBefore the day of the electroencephalogram (EEG) test, tell your doctor if you are taking any medicines. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking certain medicines (such as sedatives and tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, sleeping aids, or medicines used to treat seizures) before the test. These medicines can affect your brain's usual electrical activity and cause abnormal test results.Do not eat or drink foods that have caffeine (such as coffee, tea, cola, andchocolate) for 12 hours before the test.
Since the electrodes are attached to your scalp, make sure your hair is clean and free of sprays, oils, creams, and lotions. Shampoo your hair and rinse with clear water the evening before or the morning of the test. Do not put any hair conditioner or oil on after shampooing.To find certain types of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, you may have to be asleep during the recording. You may be asked not to sleep at all the night before the test or to sleep less (about 4 or 5 hours) by going to bed later and getting up earlier than usual. If your child is going to be tested, try to keep him or her from taking naps just before the test. If you know that you are going to have a sleep-deprived EEG, plan to have someone drive you to and from the test.
What is an EEG?（泰国每日新闻报）
An electroencephalogram detects abnormalities in the brain waves or electrical activity of the brain. During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted on the scalp. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of the brain cells. The charges are amplified and appear as a graph on a computer screen or as a recording that may be printed out on paper. Your doctor then interprets the reading.
Related procedures that may be performed are evoked potential studies. These studies are used to measure electrical activity in the brain in response to stimulation of sight, sound, or touch. Please see this procedure for additional information.
Before the procedure（日本富士电视台）
Your doctor will explain the procedure to you and offer you the opportunity to ask any questions that you might have about the procedure.
You will be asked to sign a consent form that gives your permission to do the procedure. Read the form carefully and ask questions if something is not clear.
Wash your hair with shampoo, but do not use a conditioner the night before the test. Do not use any hair care products, such as hairspray or gels.
Notify your doctor of all medications (prescribed and over-the-counter) and herbal supplements that you are taking.
Discontinue using medications that may interfere with the test if your doctor has directed you to do so. Do not stop using medications without first consulting your doctor.
Avoid consuming any food or drinks containing caffeine for eight to12 hours before the test.
Follow any directions your doctor gives you about reducing your sleep the night before the test. Some EEG tests require that you sleep through the procedure and some do not. The night before, adults may not be allowed to sleep more than four or five hours, and children not more than five to seven hours, if the EEG is to be performed while the patient is sleeping.
Avoid fasting the night before or day of the procedure, since low blood sugar may influence the results.
Based on your medical condition, your doctor may request other specific preparation.
During the procedure（柬埔寨国家电视台）
An EEG may be performed on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor's practices.
Generally, an EEG procedure follows this process:
You will be asked to relax in a reclining chair or lie on a bed.
Between 16 and 25 electrodes will be attached to your scalp with a special paste, or a cap containing the electrodes will be used.
You will be asked to close your eyes, relax, and be still.
Once the recording begins you will need to remain still throughout the test. You may be monitored through a window in an adjoining room to observe any movements that can cause an inaccurate reading, such as swallowing or blinking. The recording may be stopped periodically to let you rest or reposition yourself.
After the initial recording performed at rest, you may be tested with various stimuli to produce activity that does not show up while you are resting. For example, you may be asked to breathe deeply and rapidly for three minutes, or you may be exposed to a bright light.
This study is generally performed by an EEG technician and may take approximately 45 minutes to two hours.
If you are being evaluated for a sleep disorder, the EEG may be performed while you are asleep.
After the procedure（澳洲新报）
Once the test is complete, the electrodes will be removed and the electrode paste will be washed off with warm water, acetone, or witch hazel. In some cases, you may need to wash your hair again at home.
If any sedatives were taken for the test, you may be required to rest until the sedatives have worn off. You will need to have someone drive you home.
Skin irritation or redness may be present at the locations where the electrodes were placed, but this will wear off in a few hours.
Your doctor will inform you as to when to resume any medications you stopped taking before the test.
Your doctor may give you additional or alternate instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation.
During the procedure（柬埔寨国家电视台）
An EEG may be performed on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor's practices.
Generally, an EEG procedure follows this process:
You will be asked to relax in a reclining chair or lie on a bed.
Between 16 and 25 electrodes will be attached to your scalp with a special paste, or a cap containing the electrodes will be used.
You will be asked to close your eyes, relax, and be still.
Once the recording begins you will need to remain still throughout the test. You may be monitored through a window in an adjoining room to observe any movements that can cause an inaccurate reading, such as swallowing or blinking. The recording may be stopped periodically to let you rest or reposition yourself.
After the initial recording performed at rest, you may be tested with various stimuli to produce activity that does not show up while you are resting. For example, you may be asked to breathe deeply and rapidly for three minutes, or you may be exposed to a bright light.
This study is generally performed by an EEG technician and may take approximately 45 minutes to two hours.
If you are being evaluated for a sleep disorder, the EEG may be performed while you are asleep.
Online resources（澳大利亚·ABC电视台）
The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your doctor. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition.
This page contains links to other websites with information about this procedure and related health conditions. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these websites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here.
American Kidney Fund
Brain Injury Association of America
CDC - Injury and Violence Prevention and Control
Epilepsy Foundation
National Brain Tumor Society
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
National Library of Medicine
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【已发货】
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【已发货】
石家庄的王小姐（165****7621）
安思利普成人型
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太原的戴先生（183****7643）
安思利普成人型
【已发货】
济南的周先生（135****6548）
安思利普成人型
【已发货】
湖北的高先生（182****5642）
安思利普成人型
【已发货】
郑州的吴小姐（130****0018）
安思利普儿童型
【已发货】
石家庄的许先生（133****2332）
安思利普成人型
【已发货】
杭州的王小姐（135****7630）
安思利普儿童型
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扬州的白先生（160****0870）
安思利普儿童型
【已发货】
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