VOA慢速英语: 你睡觉时，你的大脑还在工作(双语)
小编:zhangyawen
http://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
[page]参考译文[/page]
While You Sleep, Your Brain Works
你睡觉时，你的大脑还在工作
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Why do we need sleep?
为什么我们需要睡觉?
Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turnoff for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day?
睡觉的时间是只是做梦吗?我们的大脑在晚上会关闭吗?如果我告诉你，最近科学家发现我们的电脑在晚上可能会和白天一样忙绿，你信吗?
While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day. Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.
当我们睡觉时，我们的大脑所做的工作远比仅仅为第二天做准备要多得多。美国罗彻斯特大学的研究人员发现，大脑可能在忙于打扫屋子&&清除掉有害的废料。
As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work.
就像很多其他研究一样，研究人员也拿老鼠来做实验。他们将有色染料注入到老鼠的大脑中，来进行研究。他们分别对老鼠睡觉时和醒着时的大脑进行了观察。研究人员称，他们发现老鼠睡着时，大脑还在努力工作。
Working Double Duty
要执行双重任务
Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs. It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they &moonlight& at a nighttime job.
梅肯&内德歌德博士主持该研究工作，这位脑部专家称，我们的大脑执行了两个迥然不同的工作。似乎它们有白天的工作内容，过后还在夜间从事夜间活动进行兼职。
&Moonlighting& is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing & working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime.
&兼职&是指除了白天的工作外，还从事夜间工作。这项就表明，这似乎就是我们的大脑正在做的&&在晚上从事额外工作，还没有被额外支付加班费。
&When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. Whereas when we are asleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.&
&当我们清醒时，我们的大脑细胞在很努力的整理加工我们周围环境中的所有信息。然而，当我们睡着时，它们在非常努力的清除我们清醒时所堆积的垃圾。&
The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer&s disease.
研究人员称，这些废弃物包括毒物或毒素，这些有毒物质能够引起像阿尔茨海默(老年痴呆)等大脑失调疾病。
They also found that during sleep, the brain&s cells shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively.
他们还发现，在睡眠时间，大脑的细胞会萎缩或变得更小。这种萎缩可以更有效的清除废弃物。
Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body.
内德歌德博士称，这些毒素最后到了肝脏，在那里，这些毒素被分解，然后排出身体。
&So our study suggests we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.&
&所以我们的研究表明，我们需要睡觉，因为我们有一个宏观清洗系统，可以清除掉很多大脑产生的有毒废弃物。&
The brain&s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order to see for this brain process to be seen as it happens.
大脑清洗系统只能用新的大脑成像技术来进行研究。为了使研究人员能够看到大脑的整个过程，被测试的动物必须活着。
Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
内德歌德博士称，下一步是寻找人类大脑的活动过程。她称，该结果表明睡眠对于健康和对抗疾病是多么重要。这项研究有一天也可能被用于帮助治疗和预防神经障碍。
7 Tips for Better Sleeping
能获得较好睡眠的7个小技巧
Do you have trouble sleeping? Not being able to sleep is called insomnia. According to the United States National Sleep Foundation, here are some tips for a good night&s sleep:
你睡眠有问题吗?不能睡着觉叫做失眠。美国国家睡眠基金会为了让大家能够睡个好觉，在这里提供了一些小技巧：
& Go to bed about the same time each night, even on weekends. This helps to &set& your body&s &sleep clock.&
&尽量保持每晚在同一时间上床睡觉，即使是周末也要保持一致。这有助于设定你身体的睡眠时钟。
& Exercise every day.
每天锻炼身体。
& Have a calm, relaxing bedtime routine & Take a warm bath or drink a hot cup of tea.
有一个平静，令人放松的就寝过程&&洗个热水澡或者喝一杯热茶。
& Try not to take long naps during the day. Periods of sleep during the daytime can interfere with sleep at night.
白天尽量不要花很长的时间小睡，白天睡眠时间会妨碍到晚上的睡眠。
& Make sure you have a pleasant environment where you sleep. For most people, a cool, quiet and dark room is best for sleeping.
睡觉时，确保自己处于一个令人舒服愉快的环境中，对于大多数人来说，一个凉爽，安静，黑暗的屋子最适合睡眠。
& Avoid using television, computers and other electronic screens before bedtime.
避免在睡前使用电视，电脑，和其他有电子屏幕的电子设备。
& Also avoid alcohol, cigarettes and heavy meals before bedtime.
在睡前还应避免饮酒，抽烟和吃太多食物。
And from VOA Learning English, that&s the Health Report. I&m Anna Matteo.
这就是本期的美国之音慢速英语健康报道，我是安娜&马泰奥。
[page]听力原文[/page]
While You Sleep, Your Brain Works
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
Why do we need sleep?
Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turnoff for the night? What if I told you that scientistsrecently discovered that our brains may be just as busyat night as they are during the day?
While we sleep, our brains are doing much more thangetting ready for the next day. Researchers at theUniversity of Rochester found that the brain may bebusy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.
As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studiedmice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the micebrains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say theysaw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work.
Working Double Duty
Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. The brain expert says our brainsperform two very different jobs. It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they&moonlight& at a nighttime job.
&Moonlighting& is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And thisstudy says that is what our brains seem to be doing & working an extra job atnight without additional pay for overtime.
&When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing allthe information about our surroundings. Whereas when we are asleep, theywork very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we areawake.&
The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins,responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer&s disease.
They also found that during sleep, the brain&s cellsshrink, or become smaller. This shrinking permitswaste to be removed more effectively.
Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body.
&So our study suggests we need to sleep because wehave a macroscopic cleaning system that removesmany of the toxic waste products from the brain.&
The brain&s cleaning system could only be studied with new imagingtechnologies. The test animal must be alive in order to see for this brainprocess to be seen as it happens.
Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health andfighting disease. The research may also one day lead to treatments toprevent or help fight neurological disorders.
7 Tips for Better Sleeping
Do you have trouble sleeping? Not being able to sleep is called insomnia. According to the United States National Sleep Foundation, here are some tipsfor a good night&s sleep:
& Go to bed about the same time each night, even on weekends. This helps to &set& your body&s &sleep clock.&
& Exercise every day.
& Have a calm, relaxing bedtime routine & Take a warm bath or drink a hot cup of tea.
& Try not to take long naps during the day. Periods of sleep during the daytime can interfere with sleep at night.
& Make sure you have a pleasant environment where you sleep. For most people, a cool, quiet and dark room is best for sleeping.
& Avoid using television, computers and other electronic screens before bedtime.
& Also avoid alcohol, cigarettes and heavy meals before bedtime.
And from VOA Learning English, that&s the Health Report. I&m Anna Matteo.
内容来自 听力课堂网：
[报错与提意见]
订阅每日学英语：
好课推荐 新概念英语视频课程
新概念第一册
新概念第二册
4大妙招记单词
国际音标速成VOA慢速英语: 美国的留学生（双语）
小编:lixiao
http://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
US Hosts Record Number of Foreign Students
美国统计在美留学生
Almost 900,000 international students are studying in American colleges and universities today. Nearly half of this record number of foreign students are from Asia, mainly China.
大约有90万的留学生在美国大学就读，统计的人数中大概有一半的留学生来自亚洲，主要是来自中国。
They are among people from other countries who now make up about 4 percent of all university students in the U.S. America has more of the world&s 4.5 million international students than any other country.
外国留学生的比例占美国大学学生比例的4%。世界各国的留学生有450万的人，美国的留学生人数比其它任何国家的留学生人数都要多。
A new report says more than 886,000 foreign students registered at U.S. universities during the school year. That is an increase of eight percent over the year before. The Institute of International Education and the State Department made the report.
一项最新调查显示：2013年&2014年在美国大学注册的留学生有886万多人。比前年增加了8个百分点。美国纽约国际教育研究所和美国国务院做的这项调查。
The study also demonstrates trends over the past 15 years. It shows that since 2000, the number of international students in the U.S. has grown by 72percent. Students from China in undergraduate programs are mainly responsible for this trend.
研究还表明过去15年的留学生趋势：自从2000年开始，美国的留学生人数已经增长了72%。来自中国的本科生占很大比例。
Eric Xu, a Chinese student at Columbia University, says studying in the U.S. is a valuable experience.
艾瑞克&许是就读于哥伦比亚大学的中国留学生，他说在美国学习确实是宝贵的经历。
&In the U.S. they emphasize class discussions, and emphasize on your opinion, you can actually debate with others and with your professor or teacher, and that is an atmosphere I want to experience.&
&在美国，他们强调课堂讨论、强调你的观点，你可以跟同学、教授或者别的老师讨论，那是一种我想要体验的氛围。&
While attendance by Chinese students rose by almost 17 percent over the past year, other countries also saw a major increase. Kuwait&s college student population rose by 42 percent and that of Brazil, by 22 percent. Other countries with more international students than earlier are Saudi Arabia, Iran and Venezuela.
过去一年中国留学生人数增长了大概有17%，别国的留学生人数也有所增长。科威特大学学生人数增长了42%，巴西大学生人数增加了22%。其它一些国家的留学生人数都有所增长，这些国家有沙特阿拉伯、伊朗和委内瑞拉。
The report says the Middle East and North African area was the fastest growing in international student population. It showed an increase of 20percent in students registered at colleges and universities. In Latin America and the Caribbean, there was an 8 percent increase.
报道称中东和北美是留学生人数增长最快的地区。大学注册的留学生人数增长了20%。在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区，留学生增长比例是8%。
Rajika Bhandari is a writer of the report and deputy vice president of research and evaluation at the Institute of International Education. She says the presence of foreign students in American schools helps the U.S. She also says about 4,000 American colleges and universities can serve more overseas students.
国际教育研究及评量中心主任拉吉卡&班大力，同时她还是这篇报道的作者。她说美国学校里的留学生确实能对美国有所帮助，她还表示大约有4000多所美国大学能为海外学生提供学习机会。
&We know that international students contribute significantly to U.S. classrooms and campuses through their global perspectives and by providing international exposure to those American students who may never have the opportunity to study overseas.&
&我们知道留学生为美国的课堂和校园做出了很多贡献，因为他们的全球视野，来到美国求学，也为那些也许没有机会出国的学生带来全新的视野交流。&
Evan Ryan, Assistance Secretary of State for Education says enrollment of students from abroad also adds to the U.S. economy.
教育部助理部长伊凡&瑞恩说注册在校的外国的留学生促进了美国的经济发展。
&This year, $27 billion dollars was contributed to our economy at the local state and national levels, through payments for tuition, housing and other costs.&
&这一年大概有170亿美元的收入促进国民经济和地方各州增经济的增长，这些收入主要来自学费、住房费用以及其它的花费。&
The U.S. State Department and the Department of Education also encourage study in other countries by American students.
美国国务院和教育部鼓励学生出国去学习。
&We believe that study abroad can increase American competitiveness by enabling U.S. students to acquire language skills as well as the regional and global perspectives necessary to succeed in the 21st century.&
&我们相信通过留学，可以增加美国人的竞争力，美国学生能获得语言技能，同时能够扩大视野，成为21世纪能够胜任各种挑战的人才。&
About 290,000 U.S. students went to study abroad in
for educational credit. Europe, especially Britain, remains the number-one nation for study by Americans. But the latest report shows an increase in the number of students who now choose to go to China and other nations.
2012年&2013年间，大约有29万美国学生出国留学。欧洲、特别是英国是美国学生的首选国家。但是最新的报道显示越来越多的学生选择中国和其它一些国家。
Christine Farrugia is the senior research officer at the Institute of International Education. She says China places in the top five countries for American students seeking international education.
克里斯丁&法鲁吉亚是国际教育的资深研究员，她说中国是美国学生海外留学目的地首选的前五名国家之一。
&China now is at the number five host country for U.S. students, hosting over14,000 American students.&
&在美国学生留学选择的国家中，中国排名排第五，中国大约有14,000名美国留学生。&
While American schools continue to welcome young people from all over the world, student exchanges among other countries also are on the rise.
美国的学校仍然继续欢迎来自世界各地的年轻人来学习，与其它国家的交换生数量也在增长。
I&m Marsha James.
我是玛莎&詹姆斯。
______________________________________________________________
Words in this Story
trend- n. a general direction of change: a way of behaving, proceeding, that is developing and becoming more common
origin & n. the point or place where something begins or is created
enroll & v. to enter (someone) as a member of or participant in something
abroad & adv. in or to a foreign country
US Hosts Record Number of Foreign Students
Close to 900,000 international students are studying at American universities and colleges, more than ever before. About half of them come from Asia, mostly China.
Almost 900,000 international students are studying in American colleges and universities today. Nearly half of this record number of foreign students are from Asia, mainly China.
They are among people from other countries who now make up about 4 percent of all university students in the U.S. America has more of the world&s 4.5 million international students than any other country.
A new report says more than 886,000 foreign students registered at U.S. universities during the school year. That is an increase of eight percent over the year before. The Institute of International Education and the State Department made the report.
&Institute of International Education. (2014).Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/opendoors
The study also demonstrates trends over the past 15 years. It shows that since 2000, the number of international students in the U.S. has grown by 72percent. Students from China in undergraduate programs are mainly responsible for this trend.
Eric Xu, a Chinese student at Columbia University, says studying in the U.S. is a valuable experience.
&In the U.S. they emphasize class discussions, and emphasize on your opinion, you can actually debate with others and with your professor or teacher, and that is an atmosphere I want to experience.&
While attendance by Chinese students rose by almost 17 percent over the past year, other countries also saw a major increase. Kuwait&s college student population rose by 42 percent and that of Brazil, by 22 percent. Other countries with more international students than earlier are Saudi Arabia, Iran and Venezuela.
The report says the Middle East and North African area was the fastest growing in international student population. It showed an increase of 20percent in students registered at colleges and universities. In Latin America and the Caribbean, there was an 8 percent increase.
&Institute of International Education. (2014).Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/opendoors
Rajika Bhandari is a writer of the report and deputy vice president of research and evaluation at the Institute of International Education. She says the presence of foreign students in American schools helps the U.S. She also says about 4,000 American colleges and universities can serve more overseas students.
&We know that international students contribute significantly to U.S. classrooms and campuses through their global perspectives and by providing international exposure to those American students who may never have the opportunity to study overseas.&
Evan Ryan, Assistance Secretary of State for Education says enrollment of students from abroad also adds to the U.S. economy.
&This year, $27 billion dollars was contributed to our economy at the local state and national levels, through payments for tuition, housing and other costs.&
The U.S. State Department and the Department of Education also encourage study in other countries by American students.
&We believe that study abroad can increase American competitiveness by enabling U.S. students to acquire language skills as well as the regional and global perspectives necessary to succeed in the 21st century.&
About 290,000 U.S. students went to study abroad in
for educational credit. Europe, especially Britain, remains the number-one nation for study by Americans. But the latest report shows an increase in the number of students who now choose to go to China and other nations.
Christine Farrugia is the senior research officer at the Institute of International Education. She says China places in the top five countries for American students seeking international education.
&China now is at the number five host country for U.S. students, hosting over14,000 American students.&
While American schools continue to welcome young people from all over the world, student exchanges among other countries also are on the rise.
I&m Marsha James.
______________________________________________________________
Words in this Story
trend- n. a general direction of change: a way of behaving, proceeding, that is developing and becoming more common
origin & n. the point or place where something begins or is created
enroll & v. to enter (someone) as a member of or participant in something
abroad & adv. in or to a foreign country
内容来自 听力课堂网：
[报错与提意见]
订阅每日学英语：
好课推荐 新概念英语视频课程
新概念第一册
新概念第二册
4大妙招记单词
国际音标速成VOA慢速英语附字幕[翻译]：韩国渡船失踪者幸存希望小_2014年VOA慢速英语_VOA英语网
VOA慢速英语附字幕[翻译]：韩国渡船失踪者幸存希望小
发表时间:内容来源:
Hopes Decrease in Search for Survivors of South Korean Ferry
Learning English, this is .
Almost 270 people are still missing from a boat that sank off the southern coast of South Korea. Most of the missing are high school students.
The South Korean ferry Sewol was carrying about 475 passengers. It sank Wednesday morning near the island of Jindo. More than 25 people are confirmed dead. Rescuers have saved more than 175 people. But hopes of finding more survivors are decreasing.
Some of the passengers jumped in the water and were rescued by ships. Rescue teams and helicopters pulled others from the boat.
Student Kim Tae-yuon survived. He said, &I held a handrail and moved toward the right side of the ferry to ride a helicopter as water kept coming in.&
Another survivor, Cha Eun-ok, described the situation on the boat, &I was keeping still without making any movement. There was an announcement that we should not move.&
Oh Byung-Hwan is the father of a missing student. Like many parents, he expressed anger about the search effort.
He said there was no rescue effort on Wednesday. He said emergency workers could not get into the ferry. He said they just dove around the area.
Cho Kyung-mi is related to a missing student. She said too much time has passed.
She said, &They should have rescued the children on the day it happened. What are they doing now? Three days have passed.& She said, &They must be cold and scared, deep underwater.&
Divers could not enter the ship during several rescue attempts. The water in the area is dark and cold with a strong current. Three divers were caught in a current and later rescued.
The release of incorrect information has made it more difficult for parents. Soon after the boat sank, South Korean officials reported all of the students and most of the other passengers had been rescued. But a little later, officials said many fewer people were rescued than first reported.
When the ship began to sink, survivors said that ferry operators told passengers not to move. The media reported of text messages from survivors trapped in the ferry. The reports were later withdrawn.
South Korean media reported that the ship captain was one of the first people to leave the ship. Lee Joon-seok was shown on Korean TV with his head down in an attempt to hide his face. Lee said that he was extremely sorry and did not know what to say.
It is still not clear what caused the ferry to sink. Rescued passengers said they heard a loud noise before the ship began to sink. This led people to guess that the ferry hit a rock. The Coast Guard also said that the ferry did not follow the path suggested by officials.
Captain Lee told a newspaper that he did not hit anything.
Kim Han-sik is president of the company that operates the ferry. He has publicly apologized. He said, &executives and employees of the Chinghaejin Marine Office have committed a grave sin.&
And that's In The News from
Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.
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