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新概念英语第一册复习课件
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Revision词汇总复习(Let’sread!)名词服装：handbagblousetrouserspocket交通：aeroplane食物：bonecheesesoapsugarhoneyjamlambsteakminceScotchwhiskywinebeercabbagelettucepeabean称呼：winnertourist职业：keyboardoperatorengineertaxidriverairhostesspostmanmechanichairdresserhousewifecustomsofficeremployeesalesrepsofficeassistantbutcherdentistshopassistantgreengrocerbakerstationer年月：JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember星期：weekSundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdayweekend季节：seasonspringsummerautumnwinter地点：villagechurchdairytown生活：casecarpetforkspooncupboardcigarettetobaccostereorefrigeratorelectriccookerhammerkettleteapotenvelopepadchangephotographpassportfashionappointmentnoise学校：chalkhandwritingsubjectconversationphrasebook房子：buildingcloakroom方位：middlenorthsoutheastwest疾病：temperatureflumeaslesmumpsaspirincountablenounoruncountablenoun可数名词的复数watchbuskeylibrarywolfdishwindowpotatohippochildmousefootsheepwomanwalkman相关句型1Isthisyour…?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.2Arethese…?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.3What’syourjob?I’ma/an…4Whataretheirjobs?Theyare…5Lookat…6Whoseisthis/that…?This/Thatismy(your/his/her/its/our/their)…7Whatcolouris…?It’s…8Whatcolourare...?They're....9Giveme/him/her/us/thema/some....10Whichone?Whichones?11Whereisit?It'sin/on/under/nextto/near/behind/between/infrontof12Wherearethey?They're....13Thereisa/some....Therearesome....14Istherea/any...?Arethereany...?翻译1杯子里有些水吗?不,没有.2这件外套是谁的?Tom的3你的职业是什么?我是一名工程师.4这些是你的杂志吗?不,不是.5请把那个锤子给我.6在碗橱里有一些干净的碟子.代词(Let’sdo!)exercise1Thisisn't_______pen._______isred.(I)2_____ismybrother.Thatis______bike.(he)3Doyouknow_______(it)name?4Don'tworry.Let______(I)help______(you).5Ioftengotoschoolwith_______(they).6Thisisn't_______knife._______isgreen.(she)形容词dirty-cleansharp-bluntgood-badlazy—hard-workingbusy-freesame-differentcomfortable-uncomfortablesmartlovelytiredthirstyterriblefreshpureripechoicepleasantmildwetrichabsentsweetexcitingawfullasturgent副词1quicklyslowlycertainlythirstilywarmlypleasantlysuddenlybadlyusuallyhurrie
正在加载中，请稍后...Ruth Chang: How to make hard choices | TED Talk Subtitles and Transcript |
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Belarusian
Chinese, Simplified
Chinese, Traditional
Indonesian
Portuguese
Portuguese, Brazilian
Vietnamese
Ruth Chang
Inspiring, InformativeTPO6听力文本+题目+答案+中文概要_SindyMay_新浪博客
TPO6听力文本+题目+答案+中文概要
音频请从博文“托福听力专区使用说明”中下载。
-------------------TPO6听力文本--------------------------------------------------------------
Conversation1
Listen to a conversation
between a student and an employee in the university’s career
services office.
Hi, do you have a minute?
Sure, how can I help you?
I have a couple of questions about the career fair next
OK, shoot.
Um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go? I mean,
you know, they are finishing school this year and getting their
degrees and everything. And, well, it seems like businesses would
wanna talk to them and not first year students like me.
No, no, the career fair is opened to all our students and
we encourage anyone who’s interested to go check it out.
Well, that’s good to know.
You’ve seen the flyers and posters around campus, I
Sure, can’t miss them. I mean, they all say where and when
the fair is, just not who should attend.
Actually they do, but it’s in the small print. Uh, we
should probably make that part easier to reach, shouldn’t we? I’ll
make a note of that right now. So, do you have any other
questions?
Yes, actually I do now. Um ...since I’d only be going to
familiarize myself with the process, you know, check it out, I was
wondering if there is anything you would recommend that I do to
That’s actually a very good question. Well, as you know,
the career fair is generally an opportunity for local businesses to
recruit new employees, and for soon-to-be graduates to have
interviews with several companies they might be interested in
working for. Now, in your case, even though you wouldn’t be looking
for employment right now, it still wouldn’t hurt for you to prepare
much like you would if you were looking for a job.
You mean, like get my resume together and wear a
That’s a given. I was thinking more along the lines of
doing some research. The flyers and posters list all the businesses
that are sending representatives to the career fair. Um ...what’s
your major or do you to have one yet?
Well, I haven’t declared a major yet, but I’m strongly
considering accounting. See, that’s part of the reason I wanna go
to the fair, to help me decide if that’s what I really want to
That’s very wise. Well, I suggest that you get on the
computer and learn more about the accounting companies in
particular that would be attending. You can learn a lot about
companies from their internet websites. Then prepare a list of
questions.
Questions, hmm… so, in a way, I’ll be interviewing
That’s one way of looking at it. Think about it for a
second. What do you want to know about working for an accounting
Well, there is the job itself, and salary of course, and
working conditions, I mean, would I have an office, or would I work
in a big room with a zillion other employees, and…and maybe about
opportunities for advancement.
See? Those’re all important things to know. After you do
some research, you’ll be able to tailor your questions to the
particular company you are talking to.
Wow, I’m glad I came by here. So, it looks like I’ve got
some work to do.
And if you plan on attending future career fairs, I
recommend you sign up for one of our interview
workshops.
I’ll do that.
TPO 6 Lecture 1
Listen to part of a
lecture in an economics class.
Now when I mention the terms “boom and bust”, what does
that bring to mind?
The dot-com crash of the ‘90s.
Ok. The boom in the late 1990s when all those new Internet
companies sprang up and were then sold for huge amounts of money.
Then the bust around
when many of those same Internet
companies went out of business. Of course, booms aren’t always
followed by busts. We’ve certainly seen times when local economies
expanded rapidly for a while and then went back to a normal pace of
But, there’s a type of rapid expansion, what might be
called a hysterical or irrational boom that pretty much always
leads to a bust. See, people often create and intensify a boom when
they get carried away by some new industry that seems like it will
make them lots of money fast. You’d think that by the 90s, people
would have learned from the past. If they did, well, look at
Tulips? You mean like the flower?
Exactly. For instance, do you have any idea where tulips
are from? Originally I mean.
Well, the Netherlands, right?
That’s what most people think, but no. They are not native
to the Netherlands, or even Europe. Tulips actually hail from an
area that Chinese call the Celestial Mountains in Central Asia. A
very remote mountainous region. It was Turkish nomads who first
discovered tulips and spread them slowly
westward.&
Now, around the 16th century, Europeans were traveling to
Istanbul and Turkey as merchants and diplomats. And the Turks often
gave the Europeans tulip bulbs as gifts which they would carry home
with them. For the Europeans, tulips were totally unheard of. Er…a
great novelty. The first bulb to show up in the Netherlands, the
merchant who received them roasted and ate them!. He thought they
were kind of onion.&
It turns out that the Netherlands was an ideal country for
growing tulips. It had the right kind of sandy soil for one thing,
but also, it was a wealthy nation with a growing economy, willing
to spend lots of money on new exotic things. Plus, the Dutch had a
history of gardening. Wealthy people would compete, spending
enormous amounts of money to buy the rarest flowers for their
gardens. Soon tulips were beginning to show up in different colors
as growers tried to breed them specifically for colors which would
make them even more valuable. But they were never completely sure
what they would get. Some of the most prized tulips were white with
purple streaks, or red with yellow streaks on the petals, even a
dark purple tulip that was very much
What happened then was a craze for these specialized
tulips. We called that craze “tulip mania”. So, here we’ve got all
the conditions for an irrational boom: a prospering economy, so
more people had more disposable income-money to spend on luxuries,
but they weren’t experienced at investing their new wealth. Then
along comes a thrilling new commodity. Sure the first specimens
were just plain old red tulips, but they could be bred into some
extraordinary variations, like the dark purple tulip. And finally,
you have an unregulated market place, no government constraints,
where prices could explode. And explode they did, starting in the
There was always much more demand for tulips than supply.
Tulips didn’t bloom frequently like roses. Tulips bloomed once in
the early spring. And that was it for the year. Eventually,
specially-bred multicolored tulips became so valuable, well,
according to records, one tulip bulb was worth 24 tons of wheat, or
a thousand pounds of cheese. One particular tulip bulb was sold and
exchanged for a small ship. In other words, tulips were literally
worth their weight in gold.&
As demand grew, people began selling promissory notes
guaranteeing the future delivery of prized tulip bulbs. The buyers
of these pieces of paper would resell the notes at marked up
prices. These promissory notes kept changing hands from buyer to
buyer until the tulip was ready for delivery. But it was all pure
speculation because as I said, there was no way to know if the bulb
was really going to produce the variety, the color that was
promised. But that didn’t matter to the owner of the note. The
owner only cared about having that piece of paper so it could be
traded later at a profit. And people were borrowing, mortgaging
their homes in many cases to obtain those bits of paper because
they were sure they found an easy way to make
So now, you’ve got all the ingredients for a huge bust.
And bust it did, when one cold February morning in 1637, a group of
bulb traders got together and discovered that suddenly there were
no bidders. Nobody wanted to buy. Panic spread like wild fire and
the tulip market collapsed totally.
TPO 6 Lecture 2
Listen to part of a
lecture in a biology class.
Ok, I have an interesting plant species to discuss with
you today. Uh…it’s a species of a very rare tree that grows in
Australia, Eidothea hardeniana, but it’s better known as the
Nightcap Oak.&
Now, it was discovered only very recently, just a few
years ago. Um… it remained hidden for so long because it’s so rare.
There are only about 200 of them in existence. They grow in a rain
forest, in a mountain rage…range in the north part of New South
Wales which is uh… a state in Australia. So just 200 individual
trees in all.&
Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is
that it is…it represents…uh…a very old type…uh…kind of tree that
grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we found fossils that old
that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s a primitive
tree. A…a living fossil you might say. It’s relic from earlier
times and it has survived all these years without much change. And
it…it’s probably a kind of tree from which other trees that grow in
Australia today evolved.&
Just to give you an idea of what we are talking about.
Here’s a picture of the leaves of the tree and its flowers. I don’t
know how well you can see the flowers. They’re those little
clusters sitting at the base of the
Okay, what have we tried to find out about the tree since
we’ve discovered it? Hmm…or how…why is…is it so rare? It’s one of
the first questions. Um… how is it…um…how does it reproduce? It’s
another question. Um, maybe those two questions are actually
related. Jim?
Hmm …I don’t know. But I can imagine that…for instance,
seed dispersal might be a factor. I mean if the…er…you know, if the
seeds cannot really disperse in the wild area, then, you know, the
tree may not colonize new areas. It can’t spread from the area
where it’s growing.
Right. That’s…that’s actually a very good answer. Uh, of
course, you might think there might not be many areas where the
tree could spread into, er…because…um…well, it’s very specialized
in terms of the habitat. But, that’s not really the case here.
Um…the suitable habitat, that is, the actual rainforest is much
larger than the few hectares where the Nightcap Oak
Now this tree is a flowering tree as I showed you.
Um…um…it produces a fruit, much like a plum. On the inci…inside
there’s a seed with a hard shell. It…it appears that the shell has
to crack open or break down somewhat to allow the seed to soak up
water. You know, if the Nightcap Oak remains…if their seeds remain
locked inside their shell, they will not germinate. Actually, the
seeds…er…they don’t retain the power to germinate for very long,
maybe two years. So there’s actually quite a short window of
opportunity for the seed to germinate. So the shell somehow has to
be broken down before this…um…germination ability expires. And…and
then there’s a kind of rat that likes to feed on the seeds as well.
So, given all these limitations, not many seeds that the tree
produces will actually germinate. So this is a possible explanation
for why the tree does not spread. It doesn’t necessarily explain
how it became so rare, but it explains why it doesn’t
increase.&
OK, so it seems to be the case that the species, this
Nightcap Oak is not very good at spreading. However, it seems,
though we can’t be sure, that it’s very good at persisting as a
population. Um…we…there’s some indications to suggest that the
population of the Nightcap Oak has not declined over the last.
er…you know, many hundreds of years. So it’s stayed quite stable.
It’s not a remnant of some huge population that is dwindled in the
last few hundred years for some reason. It’s not necessarily a
species in retreat. Ok, so it cannot spread very well, but it’s
good at maintaining itself. It’s rare, but it’s not
disappearing.
&Ok, the next thing we might want to ask
about a plant like that is what chances does it have to survive
into the future. Let’s look at that.
TPO 6 Conversation
Listen to a conversation
between a student and a professor.
Professor Martin?
Uh, hi, Lisa, what can I do for you?
Well, I’ve been thinking about, you know, what you were
saying in class last week, about how we shouldn’t wait until the
last minute to find an idea and get started working on our term
Good, good, and have you come up with anything?
Well, yeah, sort of. See, I’ve never had a linguistics
class before, so I was sort of, I mean, I was looking over the
course description and a lot of the stuff you described there, I
just don’t know what it is talking about, you know, or what it
means. But there was one thing that really did jump out at
The section on dialects, ‘cause…like, that’s the kind of
thing that’s always sort of intrigued me, you know?
Well, that’s certainly an interesting topic. But you may
not realize, I mean, the scope...
Well, especially now, ‘cause I’ve got like one roommate
who is from the south and another one from New York. And we all
talk like totally different, you know
Yes, I understand. But…
But then I was noticing, like, we don’t really get into
this till the end of the semester, you know. So I…
So, you want some pointers where to go for information on
the subject? Well, you could always start by reading the chapter in
the book on sociolinguistics. That will give you a basic
understanding of the key issues involved here.
Yeah, that’s what I thought. So I started reading the
chapter, you know, about how everyone speaks some dialect of a
language. And I’m wondering like, well, how do we even manage to
understand each other at all?
Ah, yes, an interesting question. You see…
So then I read the part about dialect accommodation. You
know, the idea that people tend to adapt their speaking to make it
closer to the speech of whomever they’re talking to, and I’m
thinking, yeah, I do that when I talk with my roommates, and
without even thinking about it or anything, you know.
OK, all right. Dialect accommodation is a more manageable
sort of topic.
So I was thinking like, I wonder just how much other
people do the same thing. I mean, there are students here from all
over the place. Does everyone change the way they talk to some
degree depending on whom they are talking to?
You’d be surprised.
So, anyway, my question is, do you think it’d be OK if I
did a project like that for my term paper? You know, find students
from different parts of the country, record them talking to each
other in different combinations, report on how they accommodate
their speech or not, that kind of thing?
Tell you what, Lisa, write me up a short proposal for this
project, how you’re going to carry out the experiment and
everything, a design plan. And I think this’ll work out just
TPO 6 Lecture 3 Creative
Listen to part of a
lecture in a creative writing class.
Alright everybody, the topic for today is, well, we’re
gonna take a look at how to start creating the characters for the
stories you’re writing. One way of doing that is to come up with
what’s called “a character sketch”, I don’t mean a sketch like a
drawing, I guess that’s obvious. It’s um…it’s a…a sketch is a way
of getting started on defining your characters’
personalities.&
To begin, how do we create fictional characters? We don’t
just pull them from thin air, do we? I mean we don’t create them
out of nothing. We base them, consciously or unconsciously, we base
them on real people, or we blend several people’s traits, their
attributes into one character. But when people think fiction, they
may assume the characters come from the author’s imagination. But
the writer’s imagination is influenced by… by real people, could be
anyone, so, pay attention to the people you meet, someone in class,
at the gym, that guy who is always sitting in the corner at the
coffee house, um… your cousin, who’s always getting into dangerous
situations. We’re pulling from reality, gathering bits and pieces
of real people. You use these people, and the bits of behavior or
characteristics as a starting point as you begin to sketch out your
characters.&
Here is what you should think about doing first. When you
begin to formulate a story, make a list of interesting people you
know or have observed. Consider why they’re unique or annoying.
Then make notes about their unusual or dominant attributes. As you
create fictional characters, you’ll almost always combine
characteristics from several different people on your list to form
the identity and personality of just one character. Keeping this
kind of character sketch can help you solidify your character’s
personality, so that it remains consistent throughout your
You need to define your characters, know their
personalities so that you can have them acting in ways that are
predictable, consistent with their personalities. Get to know them
like a friend, you know your friends well enough to know how
they’ll act in certain situations, right? Say you have three
friends, their car runs out of gas on the highway. John gets upset.
Mary remains calm. Teresa takes charge of handling the situation.
And let’s say, both John and Mary defer to her leadership. They
call you to explain what happen. And when John tells you he got
mad, you’re not surprised, because he always gets frustrated when
things go wrong. Then he tells you how Teresa took charge, calmed
him down, assigned tasks for each person and got them on their way.
Again, you’re not surprised. It’s exactly what you’d expect. Well,
you need to know your characters, like you know your friends. If
you know a lot about a person’s character, it’s easy to predict how
they’ll behave. So if your characters’ personalities are well
defined, it will be easy for you as the writer to portray them
realistically…er… believably, in any given
situation.&
While writing character sketches, do think about details.
Ask yourself questions, even if you don’t use the details in your
story, um…what does each character like to eat, what setting does
each prefer, the mountains, the city, what about educational
background, their reactions to success or defeat, write it all
But, here I need to warn you about a possible pitfall.
Don’t make your character into a stereotype. Remember the reader
needs to know how your character is different from other people who
might fall in the same category. Maybe your character loves the
mountains and has lived in a remote area for years. To make sure he
is not a stereotype, ask yourself how he sees life differently from
other people who live in that kind of setting. Be careful not to
make him into the clich& of the “ragged mountain
dweller”.&
Okay, now, I’ll throw out a little terminology. It’s easy
stuff. Major characters are sometimes called “round characters”.
Minor characters are sometimes called, well, just the opposite,
“flat”. A round characte a flat character
isn’t, character development is fairly limited. The flat character
tends to serve mainly as a motivating factor. For instance, you
introduce a flat character who has experienced some sort of defeat.
And then your round, your main character who loves success and
loves to show off, comes and boasts about succeeding and jokes
about the flat character’s defeat in front of others, humiliates
the other guy. The flat character is introduced solely for the
purpose of allowing the round character to show
TPO 6 Lecture 4 Earth
Listen to part of a
lecture in an earth science class.
We’re really just now beginning to understand how quickly
drastic climate change can take place. We can see past occurrences
of climate change that took place over just a few hundred
Take uh… the Sahara Desert in Northern Africa. The Sahara
was really different 6,000 years ago. I mean, you wouldn’t call it
a tropical paradise or anything, uh…or maybe you would if you think
about how today in some parts of the Sahara it…it only rains about
once a century. Um… but basically, you had greenery and you had
And what I find particularly interesting... amazing
really, what really indicates how un desert-like the Sahara was
thousands of years ago, was something painted on the rock,
pre-historic art, hippopotamuses, as you know hippos need a lot of
water and hence? Hence what?&
They need to live near a large source of water year
That’s right.
But how is that proof that the Sahara used to be a lot
wetter? I mean the people who painted those hippos, well, couldn’t
they have seen them on their travels?
Okay, in principle they could, Karl. But the rock
paintings aren’t the only evidence. Beneath the Sahara are huge
aquifers, basically a sea of fresh water, that’s perhaps a million
years old filtered through rock layers. And…er…and then there is
fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses that once grew in
the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, er…but hundreds of
miles away, in more vegetated areas. Anyway, it’s this fossilized
pollen along with the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three
things are all evidence that the Sahara was once much greener than
it is today, that there were hippos and probably elephants and
giraffes and so on.&
So what happened?&
How did it happen? Well, Now, we’re so used to hearing
about how human activities are affecting the climate, right? But
that takes the focus away from the natural variations in the earth
climate, like the Ice Age, right? The planet was practically
covered in ice just a few thousand years ago. Now as far as the
Sahara goes, there is some recent literature that points to the
migration of the monsoon in that area
What do I mean? Okay, a monsoon is a seasonal wind that
can bring in a large amount of rainfall. Now if the monsoon
migrates, well, that means that the rains move to another area,
So what caused the monsoon to migrate? Well, the answer
is: the dynamics of earth’s motions, the same thing that caused the
Ice Age by the way. The earth’s not always the same distance from
the sun, and it’s not always tilting toward the sun at the same
angle. There are slight variations in these two parameters. They’re
gradual variations but their effects can be pretty abrupt. And can
cause the climate to change in just a few hundred years.
That’s abrupt?
Well, yeah, considering that other climate shifts take
thousands of years, this one is pretty abrupt. So these changes in
the planet’s motions, they caused the climate to
But it was also compounded. What the Sahara experienced
was uh…a sort of “runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon
migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land
started to get drier, which in turn caused a huge decrease in the
amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in
dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t
hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when
it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form,
nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle
continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds,
less rain etc. etc..&
But, what about the people who made the rock
paintings?
Good question. No one really knows. But there might be
some connections to ancient Egypt. At about the same time that the
Sahara was becoming a desert…
5,000 years ago, Egypt really began to flourish out in the
Nile River valley. And that’s not that far away. So it’s only
logical to hypothesize that a lot of these people migrated to the
Nile valley when they realized that this was more than a temporary
drought. And some people take this a step further. And that’s okay,
that’s science and they hypothesize that this migration actually
provided an important impetus in the development of ancient Egypt.
Well, we’ll stay tuned on that.&
-------------------TPO6听力题目--------------------------------------------------------------
1.why does the student go to the career services
A.to confirm the date and time of the career
B.to learn the location of the career fair
C.to find out he is allowed to attend the career
D.to get advice about interviewing at the career
2.why does the student think that
companies’representatives would not be interested in
talking to him
A.he will not be graduating this year
B.he is not currently talking business classes
C.he has not declared a major yet
D.he does not have a current resume
3.what does the woman imply about the small print on the
career fair posters and flyers
A.the information in the small print was
incomplete
B.the print was similar than she expected it to
C.the information the small print contains will be
D.the information in the small print will be presented in
a more noticeable way
4.what does the woman say is a good way for the student to
prepare for speaking to companies’representatives(2
A.take some business classes
B.familiarize himself with certain businesses
beforehand
C.have questions ready to ask the
representatives
D.talk to people who work for accounting films
5.Why does the student say
A.To acknowledge that he cannot go to this year’career
B.To acknowledge the amount of preparation he will
C.To indicate that he has school work he must complete
before the career fair&
D.To indicate that he needs to go to his job
6.what is the main purpose of the talk
A.to show what happens after an economy has experienced a
boom-and-bust cycle
B.to illustrate the conditions needed to produce a
boom-and-bust cycle
C.to demonstrate how boom-and-bust cycles have changed
D.to explain why the boom-and-bust cycle is not a frequent
historical occurrence
7.what is the professor’s opinion about the dot-com
A.she thinks that people should have realized it would
B.she does not believe that anything like it will happen
C.she is surprised that it did not have more serious
consequences
D.she is confident that people learned a valuable lesson
8.according to the professor, where did tulips
A.the mountains of central Asia
B.the region around Istanbul in Turkey
C.the sandy soils of the Netherlands
D.the forests of northern Europe
9.why does the professor mention a merchant who ate tulip
A. to explain how the Turks introduce the flower to
European visitors
B. to explain what happened to tulip bulbs that did not
produce desirable colors
C. to give an example of one way that the rich in the
Netherlands showed off their wealth
D. to illustrate her point that Europeans were unfamiliar
with the flower
10.what were some of the factors that contributed to the
tulip craze in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century(3
A. wealthy gardeners liked to complete for rare
B. the number of people with disposable income was
C. tulip bulbs were initially cheap and easy to
D. tulips in the wild bloomed in unusual color
combination
E. the tulip market was not regulated by the
government
11.the professor mentions the practice of trading
promissory note in the Netherlands in the 1630s,what does this
practice explain(2 answers)
A.why tulips replaced gold as a form of
B.why buyers were no longer interested in owning actual
C.why borrowing in the Netherlands increased on a
significant scale
D.why the middle class in the Netherlands expanded in
12.what topic related to the Nightcap Oak does the
professor mainly discuss(2 answers)
A.factors that relate to the size of the area in which it
B.the size of its population over the last few
C.whether anything can be done to ensure its
D.why it did not change much over the last one hundred
million years
13.according to the professor, what led scientists to
characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive
A.it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing
in Australia today
B.it has an inefficient reproductive system
C.its flower are located at the bases of the
D.it is similar to some ancient fossils
14.what point does the professor make about the Nightcap
Oak’s habitat
A.it is stable despite its limited size
B.unlike the habitats of many plants, it is
C.its recent changes have left the Nightcap Oak struggling
D.its size is much larger than the area where the Nightcap
15.According to the professor, what are two factors that
prevent Nightcap Oak population from spreading(2
A.The complex conditions required for the trees to produce
B.the fact that the seed cannot germinate while locked
inside the shell
C.the limited time the seed retain the ability to
germinate&
<petition with tree species that evolved more
16.why does the professor mention the size of the Nightcap
Oak population over the last few hundred years
A.to explain why it is likely the Nightcap Oak population
will increase in the future
B.to point out that Nightcap Oak’s limited reproductive
success has not led to a decrease in its population
C.to present evidence that the Nightcap Oak is able to
tolerate major changes in its environment
D.to point out that the Nightcap Oak is able to resist
diseases that have destroyed other tree species
17.Why does the professor say
A.She wants the students to think about a possible
connection.&
B.She wants to know if the students have any
C.She is implying that researchers have been asking the
wrong questions&
D.She is implying that there may be no connection between
the questions&
1.Why does student go to see the professor?
A. She is having trouble finding topic for the term
B. She needs his help to find resource
C. She wants to ask him for an extension on a
D. She wants him to approve her plans for a term
2.Why is the student interested in learning more about
A. She often has trouble understanding what other students
are saying
B. She is trying to change the way she speaks
C. She is aware that her own dialect differs from those of
her roommates
D.She spent her childhood various places where different
dialects are spoken
3.Based on the conversation, what can be conducted about
dialect accommodation(2)
A. It is a largely subconscious process
B. It is a process that applies only to some
C. It is very common phenomenon
D. It is a topic that has not been explored
extensively
4.What does the professor want the student to do
A. Read some articles he has recommended
B. Present her proposal before the entire class
C. Submit a design plan for the project
D. Listen to recordings of different dialects
5.What can be infered about the professor
when he say this:&
A.&#61472;He thinks
the topic goes beyond his expertise&
B.&#61472;He thinks
the topic is too broad for the student to
C.&#61472;He thinks
the topic is not relevant for a linguistic
D.&#61472;He thinks
other students may have chosen the same
6.what aspect creative writing does the professor mainly
A.how to keep a reader’s interest
B.how to create believable characters
C.key differences between major and minor
characters
D.techniques for developing short-story plots
7.why does the professor recommend that students pay
attention to the people they see every day
A.the behavior and characteristics of these people can be
used in character sketches
B.observing people in real-life situations can provide
ideas for story plots
C.it is easier to observe the behavior of familiar people
than of new people
D.students can gather accurate physical description for
their characters
8.the professor discusses an example of three friends who
run out of gas. What point does he use the example to
illustrate?
A.Writers should know their characters as well as they
know their friends
B.Writers should create characters that interact in
complex ways
C.Friends do not always behave the way we expect them to
D.Friends’behavior is often more predictable
than fictional characters’behavior
9.what warning does the professor give when he talks about
the man who lives on the mountain
A.avoid placing characters in remote settings
B.avoid having more than one major character
C.avoid using people as models whose lives are
D.avoid making characters into stereotypes
10.what does the professor imply is the importance of flat
characters?
A.They act more predictably than other
characters
B.They are difficult for readers to understand
C.They help reveal the main character’s
personality
D.They are the only characters able to experience
11.Why does the professor say
A.To indicate that he is about to explain what type of
drawing he wants&
B.To help students understand a term that may be
confusing&
C.To indicate that he use the wrong word
D.To motivate the students to do better
12.what is the lecture mainly about
A.an example of rapid climate change
B.a comparison of two mechanisms of climate
C.the weather conditions in the present-day
D.recent geological findings made in the Sahara
13.Not long ago, the Sahara had a different climate. What
evidence does the professor mention to support this(3
A.Ancient pollen
B.Bones from large animals
C.Rock paintings
D.Agriculture in ancient Egypt
E.Underground water
14.in the lecture, what do the Ice Age and the creation of
the Sahara Desert both illustrate about past climate
changes（2
A.that some climate changes benefitted the development of
civilization
B.that some climate changes were not caused by human
C.that some climate change were caused by a decrease of
moisture in the atmosphere
D.that some climate changes were caused by changes in
Earth’s motion and position
15.what started the runway effect that led to the Sahara
area of north Africa becoming a desert
A.the prevailing winds became stronger
B.the seasonal rains moved to a different area
C.the vegetation started to die off in large
D.the soil lost its ability to retain rainwater
16.the professor mentions a theory that people migrating
from the Sahara were important to the development of the Egyptian
civilization. Which sentence best describes the professor’s
attitude toward this theory?
A.It is exciting because it perfectly explains recent
archaeological discoveries
B.It is problematic because it goes too far beyond the
generally available data
C.It raises an interesting possibility and he hopes to see
more evidence for it
D.It cannot be taken seriously until it explains how the
migrants got to Egypt
17.the professor mentions a theory that people migrating
from the Sahara were important to the development of the Egyptian
civilization. Which sentence best describes the professor’s
attitude toward this theory?&
A.It is exciting because it perfectly explains recent
archaeological discoveries&
B.It is problematic because it goes too far beyond the
generally available data&
C.It raises an interesting possibility and he hopes to see
more evidence for it&
D.It cannot be taken seriously until it explains how the
migrants got to Egypt&
-------------------TPO6听力答案--------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------TPO6中文概要--------------------------------------------------------------
第一篇：学生与大学就业指导中心办公室的工作人员(抓住主旨句：让自己对接下来的内容有个预期，带着任务和目标听比盲目听有效)
学生有说有（couple of
questions）：做笔记的时候罗列相关并且留白以便补充
1.Are seniors the only ones who can go(to career
fair)?（给出问题再解释问题，这时候学生可以假设自己是那个advisor，推测advisor应该怎么回应）学生接着递进给出自己内心的假设问题也就是困扰他的问题：it
seems like businesses would want to talk to them(the graduate
seniors who get degree and everything)
advisor回答：open to all of our
students(解决学生问题的有效信息)补充说明：encourage
任何感兴趣的人去参与（check it out）
给出提示：校园里会有宣传海报（暗示学生可以去看）&
学生说海报写了fair举办的时间和地点但是没讲参与人员的要求
回答：实际上举办方写了，但是他们或许应该改进（easier to
2.学生希望得到建议，自己该做什么准备。
教授对career
fair做了解释然后建议学生可以把这当成一次求职机会。
学生说（他自己在advisor给的信息基础上做的推断）他应当要穿正装拿简历吗
Advisor回答：这是必须的，然后补充：上网查自己感兴趣的专业（accounting）相关信息并且准备问题。
学生列举自己想到的问题（对advisor提供的意见做反馈）。
Advisor肯定学生的回应，并且给出额外的建议：注册职业规划工作室。
学生来找大学就业指导中心办公室的工作人员，询问关于下周“career
fair”的一些问题：
1）只有高年级准备毕业的学生才能参加吗，像我这样一年级的学生能参加吗？——所有的学生都能参加，我们鼓励所有感兴趣的学生来看一下
2）参加之前要做什么准备吗？——除了做好简历穿戴正式这样的准备外，学生可以就像自己真的要找工作一样，比如该学生可能想选会计专业，那他可以上网查一下会参加“career
fair”的会计公司的信息，并且准备一些问题：如薪资，工作环境等到现场时再问。
第一篇：关于“economics”
提出一个经济术语“boom and
bust”。举个例子来解释该术语就是：上世纪90年代末期许多新的网络公司兴起并以大价钱出卖（boom），而到了2000年2001年这些公司都破产了（bust）。
接下来的整篇教授都用“郁金香”（tulip，学生在听的时候不一定知道tulip是什么意思，但是有必要在草稿纸上记下大致的拼写，因为教授提到这个看似毫不相干的例子，开始准备用类比的方法解释说明boom
and bust这个事情）这个例子来解释这个经济现象。
其实郁金香不像我们认为的那样产自荷兰，而是中亚地区。它是土耳其人送给欧洲人作为礼物被欧洲人带回去的。而荷兰是种植郁金香的理想国家，有适合的土壤，加上国家富裕，它愿意花钱在这种新事物上。种植人还想办法培育出不同颜色的郁金香来增加它的价值，这些种类很受追捧，当时被称为“tulip
至此，我们已经有了造成“boom”的所有条件：繁荣的经济，人们愿意花闲钱在奢侈品上，但他们对于投资财富却没有经验。而有独特颜色的郁金香造成了一个不平衡的市场，求大于供，而郁金香生长不频繁，结果导致颜色独特的郁金香比金子还贵。（学生做笔记的时候可以罗列一张表格，简单写下这段的纲要，因为这里把tulip这个看似无关的事情和boom
and bust联系起来了）（started in
1630时间细节需要注意）
随着需求加大，人们开始转卖一个叫“promissory
notes”的东西（“承诺卡”，保证日后会给你价值很高的郁金香）。人们不停的倒卖，每次倒卖都在累计价格，有些人甚至买屋借钱来收集这个notes，因为他们觉得这是赚钱最简单的方式。
而以上又是一个“huge
bust”的因素。当“bulb
traders”聚在一起发现没有人再想买了，郁金香市场就彻底崩塌了。
第二篇：关于“biology”
介绍一种非常罕见的生长在澳大利亚Eidothea
hardeniana的一种叫“Nightcap
Oak”的树。
该树的基本情况：几年前才被发现，很稀有，只有大约200棵的数量，生活在雨林。
该树奇特的地方：已有一亿年的历史，是活化石。
关于该树有两个问题：1）为何如此稀有。2）它如何繁殖。
一个学生认为：它的种子没法撒到更广阔的地方，所以它只能永远在自己一直生长的地方存活。
教授给出的答案：该树会结一种果子，里面有种子，但外壳太硬，必须碎裂才能让种子吸收到水分从而发芽。而且种子能够发芽的期限是两年，同时还有一种鼠以这种种子为食，所有这些局限导致很少有这种树的种子会真正发芽，这对此树为什么没呢扩张开是一种可能的解释，也能解释为什么它的数量没有增加，却不一定能解释它为什么稀有。
虽然稀有，但它却非常“stable”，即数量一直没有减少。
在文章结尾给出一些相对应的概念来总结所阐述的NO这种树稀少的原因。
给出（类似作业）另一个需要讨论的主题（theme），可能会出推论题：老师为什么讲到这个等等。
第二篇：学生与教授之间&
学生提到term
paper(点题词：接下来讨论内容和term
paper相关)
教授回应（因为学生说要早点准备term
paper）：学生的想法是对的，并且问她是否有知道改写什么了。（这种回应可能会考态度题，因为出现了教授对学生的态度）
学生说她在读课文的时候遇到一些难懂的东西因为她第一次上语言学。然后举例解释碰到的问题：dialect
教授说：学生可能没弄清范围
学生打断，举例说明自己的理解:talk totally
教授给建议：学生可以读读读课文里的某章
学生说自己正有此意，同时讲了她在和室友聊天时候碰到的和dialect
accommodation相关的内容（举例阐述）。
教授回应：这个选题不错（出现态度）
学生提问：是否大家都存在dialect
accommodation(对现象是否具有普遍意义有疑问)
教授回答：你会吃一惊的。（很可能出现重听题，因为教授这个句话回应了学生的提问，但是没有给出字面态度，需要结合上下文推断态度）
学生提问：做这个项目可行吗？教授给出肯定态度。
学生选了教授语言学的课，她来请教教授：她为自己的学期论文想到了一个主题，不知是否可行。
她是这样得到这个想法的：她的同寝室同学都来自不同的地方，他们有各自不同的方言，所以她在思考来自不同地方说不同方言的人是如何成功理解互相的意思的。然后她读到了语言学课本中关于“dialect
accommodation”这一部分，意思是人们在说话时会不自觉的去接近他们交谈对象的语言。她在思考到底有多少人会这样做，于是她想做这样一个project，找到来自不同地方的学生，随意并多次组合他们，记录下他们的对话，报告他们是否会accommodate对方的语言。
教授认为这个选题不错且可行，让学生写一个设计方案，说一下她准备如何做这个实验。
第三篇：关于“creative
本课要讲的是如何为我们所写的故事创造（sketch）人物，首先要做的是做出一个“character
sketch”，即为人物定义他们的“personalites”。（然后解释说自己讲的sketch
和绘画里的sketch不尽相同，这类信息易考重听题：教授为什么要插播这个解释）
首先要知道的是，作者不会凭空创造出人物角色，虚拟的人物也都是以现实的人物为原型，或是综合好些人的特点性格的。所以我们要留心观察现实生活中我们身边的人，用他们和他们的行为个性等作为“character
sketch”的起点。
接着要做的第一步是把我们知道的或观察到的有趣的人列一个单子，写下他们独特的特点，我们在把这些人物或这些人物的综合用到我们的故事中时要使他们保持“consistent”（连贯一致）。
这里教授举了个例子，如你有三个朋友，他们面对汽车在高速上抛锚这件事会有不同的反应，因为他们性格不同。回头当其中一个告诉你发生这件事的时候他们三个格子如何反应做了什么等等，你都不会惊讶，因为你他们是你的朋友，你和了解他们。对待人物角色也要把他们当做你的朋友去了解他们，使他们在故事中性格保持一致。
但要避免陷入一个误区：创造的人物是“stereotype”（刻板的典型）。
最后教授区别了两种人物以及两者之间的关系
characters：指故事中的主要人物，会被完整丰满的发展。
characters：指故事中的小人物，次要角色，主要是烘托主角的，他们不会在故事中有完整的发展。
第四篇：关于“earth
地球上的气候变化会非常“drastic”。（给出一个概念然后举例阐述）拿撒哈拉沙漠举例来说，6000年前它完全是另一副模样。以下是三个证据：
1）发现史前人们画在石头上的画有河马，而河马是需要很多水才能存活的。
2）地下有面积很大的蓄水层，也许是100万年前通过岩石渗透下去的。
3）发现了花粉的化石，证明当时有植物的生长。
那么撒哈拉是如何会变成当今这样的呢？我们过多关注了人为的因素，其实最主要的原因是地球气候的变化。
撒哈拉经过了一个叫“runawaydrying
effect”的影响。因为季风（monsoon出现学生惊讶不解教授进而揭示）的移走(出现对migrate的解释：rain
moves to another
area)，进一步解释为什么monsoon会migrate:
dynamics of earth’s
motions(地球的整体动态，然后对DEM做解释))撒哈拉雨水减少，土地开始变干，土地变干导致植被大量减少。而植被减少又削弱了土地储存水的能力，所以即便下雨，土地也没法留住这些水。。。这样不断循环(cycle:并且出现对cycle的描述以及并列概念continues)。
有学生问到了那些在石头上作画的人怎么样了。
没有人真正知道。但当撒哈拉在转变为沙漠的时候，正是埃及在尼罗河流域繁荣的时候。所以可以推测那些人迁徙到了尼罗河流域。
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