A Navajo Code Talker in his own words – In America -
Chester Nez was a World War II Navajo Code Talker, but wasn't allowed to share the secret for decades.
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Chester Nez was barely out of his teens when he joined the Marines in a role that would help the United States and its allies win World War II, a role that stayed secret for decades.
Nez was one of 29 members of the Navajo tribe that developed a military communications code based on the Navajo language. It was that same language that Nez and his friends were forbidden to speak when they were students at government-run boarding schools for Native American children.
Military authorities chose Navajo as a code language because it was almost impossible for a non-Navajo to learn and had no written form. It was the only code the Japanese never managed to crack. The code talkers themselves were forbidden from telling anyone about it - not their fellow Marines, not their families - until it was declassified in 1968.
Nez and his fellow code talkers found themselves in the very thick of the battlefield, transmitting and receiving messages about troop movements, enemy artillery locations, and calls for food, equipment or medical supplies as bullets whizzed past their ears and shrapnel sliced into the earth near their foxholes. Nez served during some of the most brutal engagements in the South Pacific, including Guadalcanal, Guam, Peleliu and Bougainville. They worked in teams of two, one relaying and receiving messages while the other cranked the portable radio and listened for errors in transmission. In the heat of battle, they might be at work for 24 nonstop hours, cramped into small holes dug in the earth.
“When bombs dropped, generally we code talkers couldn’t just curl up in a shelter,” Nez wrote in his book. “We were almost always needed to transmit information, to ask for supplies and ammunition, and to communicate strategies. And after each transmission, to avoid Japanese fire, we had to move.”
Now 90 years old, Nez is the only one of the original 29 Code Talkers still living, and his recently published autobiography, “,” written with Judith Schiess Avila, is the first and only written in a Code Talker’s own words.
CNN: Why was it important for you to tell your own story instead of someone writing it for you?
Nez: I told my story at length to Judith Avila, and she recorded it and then wrote it down. It was important that the story come from me, since I want this memoir to accurately depict my Navajo people and the contributions made by the code talkers. Judith and I reviewed the book “Code Talker” together many times to ensure this accuracy.
CNN: What do you think is the central lesson of this book?
Nez: My wartime experiences developing a code that utilized the Navajo language taught how important our Navajo culture is to our country. For me that is the central lesson: that diverse cultures can make a country richer and stronger.
CNN: How did becoming a code talker change your life?
Nez: Our Navajo code was one of the most important military secrets of World War II. The fact that the Marines did not tell us Navajo men how to develop that code indicated their trust in us and in our abilities. The feeling that I could make it in both the white world and the Navajo world began there, and it has stayed with me all of my life. For that I am grateful.
CNN: What Navajo word best describes your life, and why?
Nez: Hozoji - that is a word with religious implications meaning kindness and good will.
It is part of the Right Way of life – something I have tried to live by. [The “Right Way” is a tenet of traditional Navajo spiritual belief that says a person must find balance between individuals, self, and one’s world, and live in harmony with nature.]
CNN: Do any of your grandchildren or great-grandchildren speak Navajo?
Nez: My own children do not speak Navajo, although my daughter-in-law, Rita Nez, speaks it well. We enjoy talking Navajo to each other. My great-grandson, Emery, took a class in Navajo in summer school. I liked that.
CNN: Do you think the contributions of Native Americans get enough recognition in this country?
Nez: Yes, I think our country is doing much better at recognizing the contributions of all cultures. The recognition of the code talkers came late, but it has been good for my Navajo people. I hope that this type of recognition continues across cultures.
CNN: Is there anything you’d like readers to know that I haven’t asked about?
Nez: In developing our code, we were careful to use everyday Navajo words, so that we could memorize and retain the words easily. I think that made our job easier, and I think it helped us to be successful in the heat of battle. Still, I worried every day that I might make an error that cost American lives. But our code was the only code in modern warfare that was never broken. The Japanese tried, but they couldn’t decipher it. Not even another Navajo could decipher it if he wasn’t a code talker.
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Basic Texts for the Roman Catholic Eucharist
THE ORDER OF MASS
This webpage contains the English translation of the Mass used up until 2011.
As of Nov. 27, 2011, English-speaking Catholics are using a new English Translation of the Third Edition of The Roman Missal.
This webpage is intended to help you become familiar with the
&Order of Mass& used in the Roman Catholic Church. The texts and responses
spoken by all the people are indicated in bold type below. Some of the
greetings and prayers spoken by the presider (the priest or bishop) at each
Mass are also included, in order to help you understand the structure and flow
of the Mass more fully. The postures prescribed for Masses in the United States
are indicated in small print
(note: standing, sitting, or kneeling during certain parts of the Mass may
differ in other countries).
This webpage is not intended for priests to use in celebrating
the Eucharist, since it does not include those texts which are different
at each Mass, such as the three presidential prayers (the Opening Prayer, Prayer
over the Gifts, and Prayer after Communion), or the readings used during the
Liturgy of the Word. It also does not contain the full &rubrics&
(the explicit instructions printed in red) of the Roman Missal (the Sacramentary), nor does it
contain the brief prayers that the priest is supposed to say &inaudibly&
(just before and after proclaiming the Gospel, while mixing the water and wine,
while washing his fingers, after the Breaking of the Bread, and just before
and after receiving communion).
The &Order of Mass& is based on the Missale Romanum (The
Roman Missal, revised by Decree of the Second Vatican Council and published by authority
of Pope Paul VI). The English translations of the prayers and responses given here
are copyright
by the International Commission on English in the Liturgy
(), and reprinted here with permission. The explanations printed in small
italics are by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.
The basic structure of the Mass has four parts: two main parts and
two framing rites:
&&(Biblical Readings,
Homily, Creed, Intercessions)
&&(Preparation,
Eucharistic P Communion Rite)
INTRODUCTORY RITES
Entrance Procession:
[After the people have assembled, an opening song or entrance
antiphon is sung or recited as the priest and the ministers enter the church and
after reverencing the altar (sometimes also using incense),
they go to their chairs.]
Priest:& In the name of the Father, and
of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. &[All together make the
sign of the cross.]
All:& Amen.
Priest:& The grace of our Lord Jesus
Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you
All:& And also with you.
Priest:& The grace and peace of God
our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ be with you.
All:& Blessed be God, the
Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
All:& And also with you.
Priest:& The Lord be with you.
[or Bishop:& Peace be with you.]
And also with you.
[The priest or another minister may then briefly introduce the
Mass of the day, saying something about the readings, the feast, and/or the special
occasion being celebrated.]
Rite of Blessing and Sprinkling Holy Water:
Priest:& Dear friends, this water will
be used to remind us of our baptism. Let us ask God to bless it, and to keep us
faithful to the Spirit he has given us.& [or similar words
of introduction]
Priest:& God our Father, your gift
of water brings life and fr it washes away our sins and
brings us eternal life.
We ask you now to bless this water, and to give us your protection on this
day which you have made your own. Renew the living spring of your life within
us and protect us in spirit and body, that we may be free from sin and come into
your presence to receive your gift of salvation.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
All:& Amen.
Priest:& Lord God almighty, creator
of all life, of body and soul, we ask you to bless this water: as we use it in
faith forgive our sins and save us from all illness and the power of evil.
Lord, in your mercy give us living water, always springing up as a fountain
of salvation: free us, body and soul, from every danger, and admit us to your
presence in purity of heart.
Grant this through Christ our Lord.
All:& Amen.
Option C (during the Easter
Priest:& Lord God almighty, hear the
prayers of your people: we celebrate our creation and redemption. Hear our prayers
and bless this water which give fruitfulness to the fields, and refreshment and
cleansing to man. You chose water to show your goodness when you led your people
to freedom through the Red Sea and satisfied their thirst in the desert with
water from the rock. Water was the symbol used by the prophets to foretell your
new covenant with us. You made the water of baptism holy by Christ's baptism
in the Jordan: by it you give us a new birth and renew us in holiness. May this
water remind us of our baptism, and let us share the joy of all who have been
baptized at Easter.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
All:& Amen.
[After blessing the water, the priest moves through the church
sprinkling all of the people while an antiphon or other song is sung. When the sprinkling
and the song is finished, the priest concludes this rite as follows:]
Priest:& May almighty God cleanse us
of our sins, and through the eucharist we celebrate make us worthy to sit at his
table in his heavenly kingdom.
All:& Amen.
[This rite is commonly celebrated during the Easter Season,
but may also be used at other times. When it is used, the Penitential Rite is omitted,
and the Mass continues with the Gloria (on most Sundays and solemnities) or with
the Opening Prayer (during Advent and Lent, and on weekdays).]
or& Penitential Rite:
Priest:& As we prepare to celebrate the
mystery of Christ's love, let us acknowledge our failures and ask the Lord for pardon
and strength.
&&&&&& or& Coming together as God's family,
with confidence let us ask the Father's forgiveness, for he is full of gentleness
and compassion.
&&&&&& or& My brothers and sisters, to
prepare ourselves to celebrate the sacred mysteries, let us call to mind our sins.
&&&&& [or similar words of introduction,
followed by a period of silent reflection.]
All:& I confess to almighty
and to you, my brothers and sisters,
that I have sinned through my own fault,
in my thoughts and in my words,
in what I have done,
and in what I
and I ask blessed Mary, ever virgin,
all the angels and saints,
and you, my brothers and sisters,
to pray for me to the Lord, our God.
Priest:& May almighty God have mercy
on us, forgive us our sins, and bring us to everlasting life.
All:& Amen.
Priest:& Lord, we have sinned against
Lord, have mercy.
All:& Lord, have mercy.
Priest:& Lord, show us your mercy
All:& And grant us your salvation.
Priest:& May almighty God have mercy
on us, forgive us our sins, and bring us to everlasting life.
All:& Amen.
Option C: [The
following or other invocations may be spoken by the priest or another minister,
but the priest always gives the final blessing.]
Minister:& You raise the dead to
life in the Spirit: Lord, have mercy.
All:& Lord, have mercy.
Minister:& You bring pardon and peace
to the sinner: Christ, have mercy.
Christ, have mercy.
Minister:& You bring light to those
in darkness: Lord, have mercy.
All:& Lord, have mercy.
Priest:& May almighty God have mercy
on us, forgive us our sins, and bring us to everlasting life.
All:& Amen.
[The following acclamations are sung or recited, either in English
or Greek, unless they have already been used, as in option C above.]&
Priest:& Lord, have mercy.&&
All:& Lord, have mercy.
Priest:& Christ, have mercy.&
All:& Christ, have mercy.
Priest:& Lord, have mercy.&&
All:& Lord, have mercy.
Priest:& Kyrie, eleison.&&&
All:& Kyrie, eleison.
Priest:& Christe, eleison.&
All:& Christe, eleison.
Priest:& Kyrie, eleison.&&&
All:& Kyrie, eleison.
[This ancient hymn of praise is used on all Sundays outside
of Advent and Lent, on solemnities and major feasts, and in solemn local celebrations.
It is preferably sung by the whole congregation, but may also be sung by the choir
or recited by all. The priest may begin with a brief
sung or spoken invitation for the people to praise God.]
All:& Glory to God in the
and peace to his people on earth.
Lord God, heavenly King,& almighty God and Father,
we worship you, we give you thanks, we praise you for your glory.
Lord Jesus Christ, only Son of the Father,
Lord God, Lamb of God,
you take away the sin of the world:&
you are seated at the right hand of the Father:& receive our prayer.
For you alone are the Holy One,& you alone are the Lord,
You alone are the Most High,& Jesus Christ,
with the Holy Spirit,& in the glory of God the Father.& Amen.
Opening Prayer:
Priest:& Let us pray.
[After a time of silent prayer, the priest sings or says the
Opening Prayer, which is different for each Mass.
At the end, the people proclaim their consent.]
All:& Amen.
LITURGY OF THE WORD
First Reading:
Lector:& A reading from the Book (or
Letter, or Acts) of ...&
[Different readings are prescribed for each day.
At the end of the reading, the lector proclaims, and the people respond:]
Lector: The Word of the Lord.
Thanks be to God!
Responsorial Psalm:
[The choir and/or cantor sing the people
join in the repeated response.]&
Second Reading:
[A second reading is prescribed for all Sundays and major feasts,
but not for most weekdays or minor feasts.
The lector's introduction and conclusion and the people's response are the same
as in the First Reading, above.]&
Alleluia or Gospel Acclamation:
Choir or Cantor:& Alleluia!&&
All repeat:&
Choir or Cantor:& [verse]&&&
All repeat:&
[The &Alleluia& may be repeated two or more times,
especially during the Easter Season. If it is not sung, it should be omitted.]
[During the Season of Lent, a different &Gospel Acclamation& is used,
such as &Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ, King of endless glory!&
or &Praise and honor to you, Lord Jesus Christ!& or &Glory
and praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ!& or something similar.]
Before the Gospel Proclamation:
Deacon (or Priest):&
The Lord be with you.&& All:&
And also with you.
Deacon (or Priest):&
A reading from the Holy Gospel according to... [Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John]
All:& Glory to you, Lord!
After the Gospel Proclamation:
Deacon (or Priest):&
The Gospel of the Lord.&&&
Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ!
[The bishop, priest, or deacon then speaks to the people, usually
focusing on that day's scriptures and/or on the feast or special occasion being
celebrated at that M but the homily may also be based on any liturgical text
from the Mass.]
Profession of Faith:
[On Sundays and solemnities, the Nicene Creed is normally
recited by everyone after the homily. The Apostles' Creed may be used instead, esp.
in celebrations of Masses with children.]
NICENE CREED:
We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty,&
&&& maker of heaven and earth, of all that is seen and unseen.&
We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God,&
&&& eternally begotten of the Father,&
&&& God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,&
&&& begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father.&
&&& Through him all things were made.&
&&& For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven:&
&&&&&&& [bow
during the next two lines:]
&&& by the power of the Holy Spirit&
&&& he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man.
&&& For our sake he was crucified under Pontius P
&&& he suffered, died, and was buried.
&&& On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the S
&&& he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of
the Father.
&&& He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
&&& and his kingdom will have no end.
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,&
&&& who proceeds from the Father and the Son.&
&&& With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.&
&&& He has spoken through the Prophets.&
&&& We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church.&
&&& We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.&
&&& We look for the resurrection of the dead,&
&&& and the life of the world to come. &Amen.
APOSTLES' CREED:
I believe in God, the Father almighty,&
&&& creator of heaven and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord.
&&& He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit
&&&&&&& and born of the Virgin Mary.
&&& He suffered under Pontius Pilate,
&&&&&&& was crucified, died, and was buried.
&&& He descended to the dead.
&&& On the third day he rose again.
&&& He ascended into heaven,
&&&&&&& and is seated at the right hand of
the Father.
&&& He will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
&&& the holy catholic Church,
&&& the communion of saints,
&&& the forgiveness of sins,
&&& the resurrection of the body,
&&& and the life everlasting.
General Intercessions / Prayer of the Faithful:
Lector:& &#133;let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.& [or a similar response, repeated
after each petition]
LITURGY OF THE EUCHARIST
Presentation of the Gifts / Preparation of the Altar:
Priest:& Blessed are you, Lord, God of
all creation. Through your goodness we have this bread to offer, which earth has
given and human hands have made. It will become for us the bread of life.
Blessed be God for ever.
Priest:& Blessed are you, Lord, God of
all creation. Through your goodness we have this wine to offer, fruit of the vine
and work of human hands. It will become our spiritual drink.
Blessed be God for ever.
[If there is no singing during the presentation of the gifts,
the priest may say the preceding prayers aloud, and the people may respond. But
if a presentation song is being sung, the priest recites these prayers inaudibly,
and the people's response is omitted. Then, after the priest has washed his hands
and the music is finished, he invites the people to join in prayer:]
Priest:& Pray, my brothers and sisters,
that our sacrifice
may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father.
All:& May the Lord accept the
sacrifice at your hands,
for the praise and glory of his name,
for our good, and the good of all his Church.
Prayer over the Gifts:
[The priest sings or says this prayer, which is different for
each Mass. At the end, the people respond:]
All:& Amen.
Eucharistic Prayer:
[The priest may choose from among four regular Eucharistic Prayers,
or two other Eucharistic Prayers for Masses of Reconciliation. On appropriate occasions,
the priest may also choose from among three Eucharistic Prayers for Masses with
Children, or four recently approved Eucharistic Prayers for Various Needs and Occasions.&Each
prayer has a similar structure, including some responses and acclamations by all
the people. There are also many choices for the &Preface,& depending on
the liturgical season, the feast of the day, and the ritual or occasion being celebrated
at that Mass. Click here for the full texts of the various .]
[The posture of the people during the Eucharistic Prayer is
different in various c in the United States, the people normally
stand until the &Holy, Holy&, and then kneel until after the &Great
Preface Dialogue:
The Lord be with you.&& All:&
And also with you.
Priest:& Lift up your hearts.&&
All:& We lift them up to the
Priest:& Let us give thanks to the
Lord, our God.&& All:&
It is right to give him thanks and praise.
Holy, Holy (Sanctus):
Holy, holy, holy Lord, God of power and might,
Heaven and earth are full of your glory.
Hosanna in the highest.
Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.
Hosanna in the highest.
Memorial Acclamation:
Priest:& Let
us proclaim the mystery of faith:&
A - Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will
come again.
B - Dying you destroyed
our death, rising you restored our life. Lord Jesus, come in glory.
C - When we
eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death, Lord Jesus, until you
come in glory.
D - Lord, by your cross
and resurrection, you have set us free. You are the Savior of the World.
Doxology and Great Amen:
Priest:& Through
him, with him, and in him, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, all glory and honor
is yours, almighty Father, for ever and ever.
All:& Amen!&
[may be sung more than once]
COMMUNION RITE
Lord's Prayer:
Priest:& Let us pray with confidence
to the Father in the words our Savior gave us.
&&&&& or& Jesus taught us to call God our Father,
and so we have the courage to say:
&&&&& or& Let us ask our Father to forgive
our sins and to bring us to forgive those who sin against us.
&&&&& or& Let us pray for the coming of the
kingdom as Jesus taught us.
All:& Our Father, who art in
thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this
and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who
and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
Priest:& Deliver us, Lord, from every
evil, and grant us peace in our day. In your mercy keep us free from sin and protect
us from all anxiety as we wait in joyful hope for the coming of our Savior, Jesus
All:& For the kingdom, the power,
and the glory are yours, now and forever.
Sign of Peace:
Priest:& Lord Jesus Christ, you said
to your apostles: I leave you peace, my peace I give you. Look not on our sins,
but on the faith of your Church, and grant us the peace and unity of your kingdom
where you live for ever and ever.
All:& Amen.
Priest:& The Peace of the Lord be with
you always.&
All:& And also with you.
or Priest:& Let us offer each other a sign of peace.
[The ministers and all the people exchange an embrace, handshake,
or other appropriate gesture of peace with those near them, according to local custom.]
Breaking of the Bread:
All: Lamb of God, you take away
the sins of the world: have mercy on us.
Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world: have mercy on us.
Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world: grant us peace.
[This text may be sung or recited, and may be repeated several
more times until the breaking of bread and the preparation of the communion vessels
but the last phrase is always &Grant us peace.&]
Communion:
Priest:& This is the Lamb of God who
takes away the sins of the world. Happy are those who are called to his supper.
All:& Lord, I am not worthy
to receive you,&but only say the word and I shall be healed.
[The manner of receiving communion differs significantly between
various countries, dioceses, and even individual parishes. In the United States,
the people normally process to the front in lines, receive communion standing, and
then return to their places in the congregation. In some cases, the ministers may
go to other locations within the church to distribute communion, or may even approach
individuals at their places (esp. the elderly or infirm). Communion is now usually
offered &under both species&, i.e., both the consecrated bread and the
consecrated wine. It may be distributed by priests,
deacons, or designated lay persons, called &Extraordinary Ministers of the
Eucharist.& Communicants are encouraged to receive the consecrated bread in
their hands, but may also receive communion on the tongue. After returning to their
places, the people are encouraged to remain standing until everyone has received
communion, but in many parishes the people immediately sit down or kneel for silent
Communion Minister:& The body of Christ.&
& Communicant:& Amen.
Communion Minister:& The blood of Christ.&&
Communicant:& Amen.
Communion Song:
[During the reception of Communion, an appropriate song is sung,
or at least a short &Communion Antiphon& is recited.]
Period of Silence& or& Song of Praise:
[When the distribution of Communion is completed, there may
be a period of silence for individual prayer, or a psalm or song of praise may be
sung. The people either stand, sit, or kneel during this time, although the posture
of the congregation should be unified.]
Prayer after Communion:
Priest:& Let us pray.
[All pray in silence for a while, unless a period of silence
has already been observed. Then the priest sings or says the Prayer after Communion,
which is different for each Mass.
At the end, the people proclaim their consent.]
All:& Amen.
[Announcements, etc.]:
[If there are any announcements, acknowledgements, reflections,
eulogies, or similar actions, these are best included here, after the Prayer after
Communion and before the Concluding Rite.
The people may remain standing, or may be invited to sit, depending on the length
of the announcements or activity.]
CONCLUDING RITE
Priest:& The Lord be with you.
All:& And also with you.
Option A:& Simple Form
Priest:& May almighty God bless you,
the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
All:& Amen.
Option B: Solemn Blessing&
Deacon or Priest:& Bow your heads and
pray for God's blessing.
[One or more invocations may be spoken, and the people usually
respond &Amen& to each one. The following conclusion is always
Priest:& May almighty God bless you,
the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
All:& Amen.
Option C:& Prayer over
the People
Deacon or Priest:& Bow your heads and
pray for God's blessing.
[The priest may choose from several options, depending on
the occasion or special need. The following conclusion is always used.]
Priest:& May almighty God bless you,
the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
All:& Amen.
Dismissal:
Deacon or Priest:& Go in the peace of
& &or& The Mass is ended, go in peace.
&& or& Go in peace to love and serve the Lord.
All:& Thanks be to God!
[Recessional and Closing Song]:
[Although it is traditional in many countries and many parishes
to sing a final song or to have some instrumental music played as the priest and
ministers process out of the church, this is not prescribed in the Order of Mass.]
RELATED WEBPAGES:
(PDF 1975 edition) - a foldable legal-sized sheet with all
the texts spoken by the congregation during Mass.
(PDF 2010 edition) - same format as the previous link, but with the new English translation of the Roman Missal.
(PDF; 1975 edition) - a foldable letter-sized booklet with Mass texts in English and in Spanish, on facing pages.
- complete,
comparative tables of all the readings prescribed for Masses in the Roman Catholic
- the texts of all the approved
Eucharistic Prayers, arranged in tables for comparative analysis.
- my own summary of biblical texts upon which the Eucharist
- a good introduction explaining the structure of the Liturgy, from
St. Joseph Church, York, PA.
- complete official text of the GIRM, from
- a detailed introduction and commentary, in a series of 12 articles
by Roc O'Connor.
- official website of the &International Commission on English in the
- official website of the &United States Conference of Catholic Bishops&
- explanations of the changes in the new English translations of the Mass (for use beginning Nov. 27, 2011)
- including the full texts of the tn Eucharistic P in PDF format
- includes only the first four Eucharistic Prayers, but adds some biblical
in PDF format
PUBLISHED RESOURCES:
DOCUMENTS:
. 4th edition. Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 2007.
. 3rd typical edition. Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2002.
Sacrosanctum Concilium = &Constitution on
the Sacred Liturgy.& In:
Ed. by Austin Flannery, O.P. New York: Costello Publishing, 1996.
COMMENTARIES:
Foley, Edward, et al. . Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2008.
Smolarski, Dennis C. .
Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2003.
Johnson, Lawrence J. . 4 vols. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2009.
Driscoll, Jeremy. . Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 2005.
Smolarski, Dennis C. . Revised edition. New York/Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2003.
Irwin, Kevin. . New York/Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 1999.
Deiss, Lucien. . Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1992. - [still the best short historical intro!]
Excerpts from the English translation of The Roman Missal & 1973,
International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved.
This page was last updated on
October 20, 2011