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多肉植物：赛尔西剌翁柱Oreocereus celsianus养殖栽培方法
　　赛尔西剌翁柱Oreocereus celsianus
　　科 Cactaceae刺翁柱属 Oreocereus
　　原产地：玻利维亚，秘鲁，阿根廷北部，植株为圆柱形。柱体黄绿色或绿色，全身密披8-10 厘米长的白毛，在白毛中长有黄褐色半透明的强刺，大针状周刺6-9枚；宽大的中刺1枚。春夏季节顶生淡红色钟状花，花径较大，异花授粉。
　　赛尔西剌翁柱配土比较简单，煤渣混合了少量的泥炭和珍珠岩，土表铺上干净的颗粒河沙。赛尔西剌翁柱这个品种不是非常耐暴晒，生长期干透给水，成株尽量少点水。平时是看土壤非常干了，才给水，基本是浇透。夏季是生长期，植株通风不淋雨就可以，3~12月是生长期，基本是很干了才给水，生长期虽然是暴晒，一旦温度超过35度就会遮阳，虽然强刺品种越晒刺越漂亮，但是因为赛尔西剌翁柱比较细小，容易被晒伤。寒冷的冬季，温度低于0度以下，几乎不给水，这时植株进入了休眠期，断水可以防止低温出现的冻伤和烂根，在盆土干燥的情况下赛尔西剌翁柱是比较耐低温的，阳光房零下4度，赛尔西剌翁柱不会出现任何变化，这个温度是在阳光房内测得的哦，一般会在阳光房内摆一盆水，如果水结冰，就要加温了，只要不是露天，这样的温度赛尔西剌翁柱还是可以承受的。生长期给水基本是很干了再给，基本不兜头淋，通风不好容易烂的。春季给水必须循序渐进，注意天气的变化。赛尔西剌翁柱还是比较好打理的。繁殖主要是，基本不太长侧芽。下面的这颗就是养的赛尔西剌翁柱，刺还是比较有特色的
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最新花卉知识From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see .
"Oreos" redirects here. For the town in northern Euboea, Greece, see .
Oreo () is a sandwich
consisting of two chocolate
with a sweet
filling in between, and (as of 1974) are marketed as "Chocolate Sandwich Cookies" on the package in which they are held. The version currently sold in the United States is made by the
division of . Oreo has become the best-selling cookie in the United States since its introduction in 1912.
The origin of the name Oreo is unknown, but there are many theories, including derivations from the French word 'Or', meaning gold (as early packaging was gold),[] or the
word 'Oreo', meaning beautiful, nice or well done. Others believe that the cookie was named Oreo because it was short and easy to pronounce.
face of an Oreo cookie
The "Oreo Biscuit" was first developed and produced by the National Biscuit Company (today known as ) in 1912 at its
factory in the current-day
complex, located on
between 15th and 16th Streets. Today, this same block of Ninth Avenue is known as "Oreo Way." The name Oreo was first trademarked on March 14, 1912. It was launched as an imitation of the
cookie manufactured by
company, introduced in 1908.
The original design of the cookie featured a wreath around the edge of the cookie and the name "OREO" in the center. In the United States, they were sold for 25 cents a pound (453 g) in novelty cans with clear glass tops. The first Oreo was sold on March 6, 1912 to a grocer in .
The Oreo Biscuit was renamed in 1921, to "Oreo Sandwich." A new design for the cookie was introduced in 1924. A lemon-filled variety was available briefly during the 1920s, but was discontinued. In 1948, the Oreo Sandwich was renamed the "Oreo Creme' Sandwich"; it was changed in 1974 to the Oreo Chocolate Sandwich Cookie. The modern-day Oreo design was developed in 1952 by William A. Turnier, to include the Nabisco logo.
The modern Oreo cookie filling was developed by Nabisco's principal , . Porcello held five patents directly related to his work on the Oreo. He also created a line of Oreo cookies covered in
and . Porcello retired from Nabisco in 1993. In the early 1990s, health concerns prompted Nabisco to replace the
in the filling with . Oreo cookies are popular with certain dietary restrictions, like vegans, because the cream inside the cookie is not made from any animal products, however, there is a risk of cross-contamination from other dairy-containing products made in the same production areas.
Starting in January 2006, Oreo cookies replaced the
in the cookie with non-hydrogenated vegetable oil.
began a marketing program in 2008, advertising the use of Oreo cookies in a game called DSRL, which stands for "Double Stuf Racing League." The DSRL was introduced one week prior to . This sport had also been endorsed by football brothers
and . Sisters
have also joined, and challenged the Mannings to a race, which aired in an ad on January 18, 2009. Another campaign started for Golden Double Stuf Oreo cookies with the brothers being challenged by
& "Double Trump" the date for this competition was January 24, 2010. The Mannings won in both cases. A new ad campaign is currently revolving around a 'Hooded Menace' threatening to take over the Double Stuf Racing League, and Eli Manning and Stufy (the DSRL mascot) needing some help airing beginning on or around September 14, 2010. Six days later, it was announced that
joined Oreo Double Stuf Racing League vets Eli Manning and Venus Williams.
In April 2011, Oreo announced its special edition Oreo cookies with blue creme in promotion of the 2011 3D computer animated film . The promotion included stickers inside each package of cookies. Two types of contests were also announced: first, by completing an album of stickers, consumers could win three movie passes and med second, by finding winning stickers in packages with prizes, including a trip to Rio de Janeiro, backpacks, cinema passes for a year, and 3D glasses. The promotion ended May 30, 2011, and was available in Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia.
The rainbow Oreo advertisement in support of Gay Pride month
In June 2012, Oreo posted an ad displaying an Oreo cookie with rainbow colored cream to commemorate . The cookie itself is not being manufactured or available for sale. The ad prompted some negative comments but Kraft stood by their promotion stating "Kraft Foods has a proud history of celebrating diversity and inclusiveness. We feel the Oreo ad is a fun reflection of our values." The Gay Pride ad was followed during 2012 by a series of ads commemorating other holidays and events, including a red, white and blue cream Oreo for Bastille Day, a stream of cookie crumbs for the appearance of the Delta Aquarid meteor shower, and a cookie with a jagged bite taken out of it for Shark Week.
Oreo cookies are distributed worldwide through a variety of sales and marketing means. In the United Kingdom, since May 2008, following stocking of Oreo (called Oreo biscuits in UK) in the supermarket chain , Kraft decided to fully launch the Oreo across the UK, repackaged in the more familiar British tube design, accompanied with a 4.5M television advertising campaign around the 'twist, lick, ' catchphrase. Kraft recently partnered with
to bring the Oreo
(already on sale in many countries) to a few McDonald's locations during its yearly Great Tastes of America promotions, as of October 2015 the Oreo McFlurry became a permanent menu item at McDonald's in the United Kingdom. An Oreo flavored "Krushem" drink was also on sale in UK
stores. The UK Oreo website gives a slightly different ingredients list to that of the US product. Unlike the US version, UK Oreo cookies originally contained
and so were not suitable for people who avoid milk products. As the whey powder was sourced from cheese made with calf rennet, UK Oreo cookies were also not suitable for vegetarians. On 6 December 2011, Kraft announced that Oreo cookies would start to be produced in the UK. Their Cadbury factory at Sheffield in South Yorkshire was selected to manufacture Oreo cookies in the UK for the first time. Production started on May 2013.
According to the
Company the Oreo is the "World's Best Selling Cookie". As the popularity of Oreos continues to grow, so does the amount of distribution that comes with it. In March 2012,
reported that Oreos were available in more than 100 different countries. Overall, it is estimated that since the Oreo cookie's inception in 1912 that over 450 billion Oreos have been produced worldwide. The United States, China, Venezuela, Canada, and Indonesia round out the top 5 countries in terms of sales.
According to a statement from Kim McMiller, an Associate Director of Consumer Relations,[] a two-stage process is used to make Oreo cookies. The base cake dough is formed into the familiar round cookies by a rotary mold at the entrance of a 300-foot-long oven.
Much of Oreo production was once done at the Hersheys factory in Hershey, Pennsylvania.[] Oreo cookies for the Asian markets are manufactured in Indonesia, India and China, except for Japan where Oreo was manufactured locally under the brand "-Nabisco". Oreo cookies for Europe are made in Spain and in
(Mondelēz Rus') for consumers in several CIS countries. Oreo cookies sold in Australia are manufactured in Indonesia (previously China) or Spain, depending on flavor. The Canadian produced version (sold under the Christie's brand) includes
and is sold only in that region. Manufacturing of Oreo biscuits in Pakistan began in early 2014 at the production plant of Continental Biscuits Limited in ,
in collaboration with Mondelez International of the
and Continental Biscuits Limited of .
In 2015, Mondelez announced its decision to close some of its American factories and move Oreo production to Mexico, prompting the . In 2016, after production had started in Mexico, the
encouraged the boycott and published consumer guidance to help identify which Mondelez products were made in Mexico.
In July 2016, Oreo cookies ceased being made in , USA.
Main article:
In addition to their traditional design of two chocolate wafers separated by a cream filling, Oreo cookies have been produced in many different varieties since they were first introduced, and this list is only a guide to some of the more nota not all are available in every country. Notable flavors in the US are:
Different sizes of Oreo cookies: mini, regular and Double Stuf
Double Stuf Oreo (introduced in 1974) have about twice the normal amount of white creme filling. Available in peanut butter, original, cool mint, chocolate creme, and birthday cake. In the UK they are called Double Stuff Oreo (note the double 'f') and are currently only available in original.
Mega Stuf Oreo introduced in February 2013, are similar to Double Stuf Oreo cookies, but with even more white cream filling. They come in both chocolate and golden varieties.
Football Oreo -shaped Oreo cookies, introduced in 1976
Big Stuf Oreo (introduced in 1987) were several times the size of a normal Oreo. Sold individually, each Big Stuf contained 250 calories (1,000 kJ) and 13 grams of fat. They were discontinued in 1991.
Mini Oreo, originally released in 1991, are bite-sized versions of ordinary Oreo cookies. After being discontinued in the late 1990s they were re-released in 2000 along with the redesigned 2001
as part of a promotional tie-in with
Their 1990s packaging consisted of a "miniaturized" version of the full-size cardboard tray and box used in packaging at the time. Their current packaging consists of an aluminum foil bag.[]. Mini Oreos are also available, in original and golden varieties, in Nabisco To-Go Cups, lidded plastic cups which fit into car cup-holders, along with other Nabisco snacks in miniature form, such as Nutter Butters. In 2015, a new flavor of the mini Oreo, mint, debuted.
Oreo Thins, released in 2015, are thin versions of these cookies. They come in chocolate, golden and mint kinds. They have only 40 calories per cookie. At 66% thinner, and 33% less per bag at same cost.[]
Peanut butter and chocolate Oreos
Chocolate Oreo, an Oreo cookie with chocolate filling instead of the original vanilla creme.
During springtime, around , and Christmas, special edition "Double Stuf Oreo" cookies are produced with colored frosting reflecting the current holiday (blue or yellow, orange, and red or green respectively). Also, one side of each seasonal cookie is stamped with an appropriate design: the spring cookies feature flowers, butterflies, etc., and the Hallowe'en Oreos bear a jack o'lantern, ghost, cat, flock of bats, and/or broom-riding witch.
Halloween Oreos, Fall 2013
Birthday Cake Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in February–July 2012 to celebrate Oreo's 100th birthday, made up of two chocolate Oreo cookies with a birthday-cake flavored filling and sprinkles inside. This edition replaced the traditional design on one of the two cookies with a birthday candle and the words "OREO 100". The flavor has been reintroduced, with "double stuff" amount of cream filling, in both chocolate and golden Oreo varieties, except that the cookies no longer display the "OREO 100" print.
Oreo cookies were a limited edition release made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a mild gingerbread flavored filling.
Lemon Twist Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in 2012 that returned in 2013, made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a lemon flavored filling.
Neapolitan Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in 2012, made up of three golden Oreo cookies with a double sandwich of chocolate and strawberry creme fillings.
SpongeBob Oreo limited edition release in 2014, featuring chocolate cookies with yellow creme and one side of each cookie donning a
character design.
Fruit Punch Oreo limited edition release in 2014, featuring vanilla cookies with fruit punch flavored creme.
Cookie Dough Oreo limited edition release in March 2014, featuring chocolate cookies with cookie dough flavored creme.
Caramel Apple Oreo limited edition release in August 2014 exclusively at Target stores, featuring golden Oreo cookies with caramel apple flavored creme.
Pumpkin Spice Oreo limited edition release in September 2014. Golden Oreo cookies with pumpkin spice flavored filling.
Red Velvet Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in February 2015. Red Oreo cookies with cream cheese flavored filling. The flavor has been reintroduced.
Root Beer Float limited edition release in July 2014, made of two gold Oreo Cookies filled with root beer flavored creme.
Key Lime Pie limited edition release in July 2015, made of two graham flavored Oreo cookies filled with key lime creme.
Cinnamon Bun cinnamon cookie filled with cinnamon bun flavored creme - released January 2016.
Filled Cupcake released in 2016, made like the Chocolate Oreo, except the center of the filling is replaced with a filling similar to that of a cupcake frosting. The cookie can be removed allowing one to lick the filling out of the center. It may be inspired by the Hostess Cupcake[].
S'mores released in summer 2016 made of a Graham flavored cookie with chocolate and marshmallow flavored frosting, inspired by the .
BlueBerry Pie released in summer 2016. Made of a pie crust cookie with a blueberry filling
Fruity Crisp released in summer 2016. Made of two golden Oreo cookies with a fruity and colorful rice crisp cream filling.
The term "Oreo" has been used as a derogatory reference to a black person who is perceived or judged to act in a "white manner." The racial slur may be levied as an accusation that the person called "Oreo" perpetuates the "un-level playing field for blacks." The racial epithet is used to imply that someone is like the cookie, "black on the outside and white on the inside".
This does not
any . Please help improve this by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (June 2015) ()
In the 1978
and its 1980 sequel , Philo Beddoe's mother - Ma, played by Ruth Gordon - is involved in a long running battle with Clyde the Orangutan who continually hides her Oreos from her.
In the 1976
film , her character is (literally) the central member of The Oreos, a three-girl singing group, between black actresses
The song "Oreo Cookie Blues" by
describes the narrator's love of the cookies.
The song "The White Stuff" by , off his 1992 album , is a tribute to Oreos.
(1987), the Grandpa character (portrayed by ) keeps Double Stuf Oreos in his refrigerator.
In the 1988 movie , Tom Hanks' character is shown eating Oreos in his motel room.
In the 1998 movie , the main antagonist Teddy KGB (played by ), is well known for his love for Oreo cookies, which he regularly eats even during poker games.
In the 2012 animated movie , Oreo cookies serve as royal guards in King Candy's castle. They continually sing the word "Oreo" in a manner similar to the guards of the castle of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz.
character,
has been shown to have a well known love for Oreo cookies.
The 2014 film
features an Oreo-themed Transformer that was destroyed by the Autobots in the KSI factory.
Toops, Diane (July 1, 2005). . . In the enviable position of being the No. 1 selling cookie in America since its introduction in 1912, the Oreo, made by Nabisco, East Hanover, N.J., a brand of Kraft Foods, was a true innovation—two chocolate disks with a crème filling in between.
(1987). Why do clocks run clockwise? and other Imponderables. New York City: Harper & Row Publishers. pp. 173–174.  .
. About 2014.
. . January 3, 2011. Archived from
Hinkley, David (). . .
Paul Lukas (15 March 1999). . Fortune.
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(March 6, 2012)
Wallace, Emily (August 24, 2011). . < - Magazine Blog.
Alexander, D Manier, J Callahan, Patricia (August 23, 2005). . Chicago Tribune.
. Huffington Post. September 13, 2013.
Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. .
Mary G. Enig. .
. Ban Trans Fats.
(Press release). PRNewswire. January 14, .
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on March 17, 2009.
Retrieved April 8, 2011 (Spanish)
Retrieved April 8, 2011
Stephen Gray (26 June 2012). .
. . 26 June .
Can Oreo win over British biscuit lovers?, 2 May 2008
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Staff (May 4, 2016). . Afl-CIO 2016.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
: Hidden categories:OREO Cookie Balls - Kraft Recipes
OREO Cookie Balls
OREO Cookie Balls
Recipe by Kraft
OREO Cookie Balls is rated
4.132 out of
48 servings
One of the best reasons ever to crush your OREO Cookies. So rich and creamy, they're also the best reason ever to hang out by the dessert table.
Read MoreRead Less
What You Need
Show Deals
Change Zip
1 pkg. (8 oz.) PHILADELPHIA Cream Cheese, softened
OREO Cookies, finely crushed, divided
4 pkg. (4 oz. each) BAKER'S Semi-Sweet Chocolate, broken into pieces, melted
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Tap or click steps to mark as complete
Mix cream cheese and 3 cups cookie crumbs until blended.
Shape into 48 (1-inch) balls. Freeze 10 min.
Dip balls place in single layer in shallow waxed paper-lined
pan. Sprinkle with remaining cookie crumbs.
Refrigerate 1 hour or until firm.
Add to Recipe Box
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View Recipe Card
Gift-Giving
Pack these delicious cookie balls in small containers.
Then, add a colorful bow and gift tag to each container and you've got the perfect holiday or hostess gift.
How to Store
Store in tightly covered container in refrigerator.
For Easier Dipping
Use a toothpick to dip the cookie ball i shake off excess chocolate then place on waxed-paper.
48 servings
Diabetes Center
Carb Choices:
Carb Choice
Nutrition Bonus
Ratings & Reviews
Ratings & Reviews
Rated 5 out of
cpeggyc from
Made this today - 1 pkg of Oreos holds fewer than 36 cookies (BUT I just used one pkg).
Made this today - 1 pkg of Oreos holds fewer than 36 cookies (BUT I just used one pkg).
Pulsed fine in my little gizmo - added only 1/2 pound (1 pkg) softened cream cheese and after blending decided not add the 2nd 1/2pound and boy am I glad.
Used only 8 oz chocolate (melted in micro in smallish deep bowl to prevent losing a bunch of choc in too large of a bowl-melted 1/2 at a time).
Perfect ratios.
Very creamy in center - not a pile of choc on the outside and I used my 1& cookie scoop and got more than 50 balls. Very good.
Fingers were a mess - but great to licking after the final ball was done.
Rated 4 out of
texasmarinemom2008 from
I used my 1& scoop that I use to make cookies and only ended up with 28 balls instead of 48 but that...
I used my 1& scoop that I use to make cookies and only ended up with 28 balls instead of 48 but that was really not a big deal.
I guess they are just a little bigger.
I, too, had trouble keeping the semi-sweet chocolate warm enough to dip all the balls.
I think next time, instead of freezing for just 10 minutes, I will freeze overnight.
I think the balls may have begun to thaw by the time I got to the last few. . . other than that, totally yummy!
Rated 4 out of
missykodi from
Very very good !
Very very good !!! Made these for the first time. Used almond bark instead of the chocolate. Sprinkled with colored sugars while still wet. Turned out great !! I was so surprised. Being a novice baker I thought for sure they wouldn&t turn out well. Family tried a few and said they were really good BUT really sweet. Only got 34 out of the batch so must have made them a bit bigger then i should. I will make again !!
Rated 5 out of
Charbear from
I have made these for several years and they are always a HUGE hit!
I have made these for several years and they are always a HUGE hit!
They are now a tradition at our family Christmas party.
I have used white chocolate as well as the semi-sweet and both are delicious!
I recommend refrigerating the cream cheese and Oreo mixture for about 30 min or longer so it&s easier to work with and doesn&t fall apart as easily.
They taste wonderful and are always a hit!
Rated 5 out of
TIASUKY1 from
I loved this recipe and will make it again.
I loved this recipe and will make it again. I just finished making 120 of them. Was a bit messy for me, but I have a question. Did any of you add a bit of shortening to the chocolate. I worked with chocolate doing other goodies and this time it was to thick. Can someone help me, I will be making this next week for the teachers at my daughters school. These are very yummy!! Thank you
Rated 5 out of
ChelleBene from
This recipe is DELICIOUS!
This recipe is DELICIOUS!
I always make it for parties and every single one gets eaten.
I put the block of cream cheese and the entire container of oreos into my food processor and my food processor chops & blends everything perfectly.
Then I just roll
the mixture into balls and dip in chocolate.
It&s fast, easy & tastes like it took hours.
Rated 5 out of
karen0215 from
I make these often.
I make these often. Very tasty and always a hit at a party. I box some for the neighbors at Christmas and receive nothing but compliments! They are addictive. The variation I make is adding peppermint extract to the melted chocolate, and they are to die for! I make these so often I bought a Wilton chocolate melting pot. Best $$&s I ever spent!
Rated 5 out of
paytonsmem from
I&ve made this a few times, you can add or subtract cookies or add different kind of cookies, dip in...
I&ve made this a few times, you can add or subtract cookies or add different kind of cookies, dip in smashed m&m&s or make any way different you want.. It&s totally easy to change any way you want, and when melting chocolate, add in some cooking wax, it makes the chocolate easier to work with, just a half a bar is good enough.
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