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题号：634252试题类型：完形填空 知识点：单词、词组&&更新日期：
(三) 句型转换:使A句与B句意思相同或相近,每空一词。(每小题1分,共10分)1. A: What a beautiful picture it is!B: _________ ___________ a picture it is!2. A: You can come to see me no matter when you like.B: You can come to see me ___________ you like.3. A: I spend only a few minutes in walking to school.B: ________ ________ me only a few minutes to walk to school.4. A: The old man has three sons and two of them are doctors. (变为定语从句)B: The old man has three sons, ________ ________ ________ are doctors.5. A: He put away some money every week in order that he could support himself later.B: He put away some money every week ________ ________ _______ support himself later.6. A: When Tom was 11 years old, his talent for writing became obvious.(变为强调句)B: _____ ______ when Tom was 11 years old _______ his talent for writing became obvious.7. A: She gave away all the old books, which included a dictionary.B: She gave away all the old books, ______________ a dictionary.8. A: It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.B: It is impossible for a child ________ ________ such a heavy box.9. A: The meeting which will be held soon is of great importance. (用非谓语动词做定语)B: The meeting ______ ______ _______ soon is of great importance.10. A: The trees grown on the hillsides will prevent the soil from being washed away.B: The trees grown on the hillsides will ________ the soil being washed away.
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单词和短语：
由两个以上的词组成的，没有完整的句子结构，但又有一定的语法和逻辑关系的词的组合就是短语或词组。短语又包括固定短语，和自由短语。比如说，put off (推迟)，look up(查阅，查字典）have a heavy heart（心情沉重）…我们都习惯称为短语或词组（phrase)。put off是由一个动词和介词组成的，但他在句子中充当一个动词的作用，也就是说在这个词组中，put 是词头（head of the phrase) 所以它是动词词组，或动词短语。
题型特点：对于英语学习来说，词汇是基础，掌握并灵活运用英语单词对学好英语至关重要，它会直接影响到我们的听、说、读、写能力。从高考单词拼写试题来看，单词拼写把单词放在句中考查，不仅是单词拼写，而且还要考查单词的形式，即将单词的写与用结合起来。这一点主要是要求学生对词汇的应用要有所掌握，体现了学以致用，从而根据语境选用适当的词。因此，答题时必须认真阅读全句，弄懂句意，在理解的基础上考虑选用适当的词汇。所考词汇多为多音节词，多数单词均有不同的变化形式，一般不少于4个字母。
题型种类：1、句子中被考查的单词突出，画横线，横线标有该单词的首字母，要求学生写出该单词的正确形式。2、句子中被考查的单词突出，画横线，横线后的括号内注有汉语，要求学生写出该单词的正确形式。
例题解析：
(一)读懂句意，确定单词。例如：The f____day of the week is Sunday. 该句意为“一周的第一天是星期天”，需要填的词的首字母是“f”，根据常识和序数词有关知识应填“第一”，故填 first。此类题还可考月份。例如:：September is the n ____ month of the year (答案：ninth) (二)瞻前顾后，确定形式写出单词后，还要注意分析该单词是否需要变化形式。现分类说明如下:1、名词一般考虑单、复数和所有格。例1：Do you like white？We have shirts of different c____. 根据句意，可确定单词为“color”，通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应用colors。例2：September10 this T____Day. 根据句意，确定单词“Teacher”，它与Day之间存在所有格关系，将Teacher变为复数，再变为所有格，应填Teachers'。 2、形容调和副词这两类词学生极易混淆，做题时应仔细分析，慎重选择究竟用哪类词，有时还要考虑到形容词和副词“级”的变化。例1：He was very a____with the man upstairs and began to shout, "Stop singing!" 根据句意，此处应填形容词原级angry。例2：On Sundays, Children play h____in the park. 此处应填副词happily，副词修饰动词。 3、动词动词变化形式较为复杂，一般有五种:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词,过去式和过去分词。可综合考查学生运用英语知识的能力。例1：Thank you very much for l____me your bike. 介词后动词用-ing形式，故填lending。例2：When he was ten, he became i____in maths. become interested in 为固定词组，意为“对……感兴趣”，故此处应填interested。 4、数词注意确定用基数词还是序数词。例1：There are t____months in a year. 此处应用基数词twelve。例2：December is the t____month of the year. 此处应填序数词twelfth。 5、代词主要从人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词几方面考虑，有时还要考虑用单数还是用复数。例1：Help y____to some fish, Jim. 根据句意，此处应用yourself. 例2："Help y____to some fish, please." Mrs Green said to the twins. 根据句意，thetwins为复数，故填yourselves。 6、连词若前后两个词或句子存在转折、因果、并列、选择等关系，一般应填连词。例1：She didn't go to school yesterday b____she was il1. 从句和主句互为因果关系，故填because。例2：The football match still went on t____it was raining heavily. 该从句为让步状语从句，故应填though。
解题技巧：
以下是解单词拼写的基本程序：首先要仔细审题，明确大意。在句子缺词的情况下，尽量弄懂句子大意并根据已给出的语境，判断出所缺的单词，试将该单词放入句子当中，看是否能使句子完整，句意明确。注意词性，写出词形。在解题过程中，要特别注意根据句子中所缺成分，判断所缺单词的词类。1、名词，就要注意单复数；2、动词，就要注意主谓一致、时态和语态的一致性；3、形容词和副词，就要注意形容词和副词之间的转化规则；4、词组和短语，就要注意固定搭配。重读句子，验证答案。完成拼写后，要把句子重读一遍，检查句子是否通顺，单词拼写是否准确无误，单词形式是否正确，如名词的数、格，动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语形式，形容词、副词的级等。这一步很重要，因为差之毫厘，谬以千里。总而言之，高考单词拼写题既考查学生的词汇量，又考查学生在特定的语境中灵活运用词汇的综合应变能力。要想提高得分率，绝非一日之功。正如谚语所说：“Rome was not built in one day”。所以，考生应该以命题特点为指导，在平时的复习中运用构词法知识多读、多记、多练，并增强语感，辅以行之有效的解题方法，才能熟练掌握，灵活运用，避免出错。
题型拓展：1、单纯的翻译题，考查考生对单词的记忆。例句：The little girl is wearing a____ (粉红色的)dress. (正确答案：pink) 2、根据语境要求，填入所写单词的适当形式。例句：The story was first written in English and later____ (翻译) into Chinese.(正确答案：translated)3、从词在拼写上有可能存在的“盲点”（相对难写、难记）考虑命题。例句：The book gives a short ____(描述) of the city.（正确答案：description）4、在有可能出现多个近似答案的情况下，对词的用法进行甄别。例句：Very few people ____(成功) in losing weight these days.(正确答案：succeed) 5、从词在用法上有可能存在的“盲点”（相对少见的用法，在一般规律中考查特殊）考虑命题。例句：All the boys were standing up ____(笔直). (正确答案：straight) 6、侧重选择多音节词汇（构成各单词的字母数一般都超过了7个）命题，考查考生对多音节词汇的把握程度。例句：One of ____ (邻居) kept a very beautiful garden. (正确答案：neighbours或neighbors) 7、侧重选择词义较为生僻或使用率偏低的词汇命题，考查考生对单词拼写记忆的广泛程度。例句：He turned on the television set hanging from the____ (天花板). (正确答案：ceiling) 8、侧重从词音与词形不相吻合的部分命题（包括不发音字母），考查考生对单词拼写记忆的准确程度。例句：I usually just have a____ (三明治) for lunch. (正确答案：sandwich) 9、能根据语境的要求，将所给的中文提示（该提示给人以名词或动词的假象）转译成正确的英语表现形式。例句：I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more____（舒服）. (正确答案：comfortably) 10、对近义词不同搭配用法的一般常识，在有可能出现多个答案的情况下，对词的用法进行反复推敲，考生应对最常用词汇的易混易错现象给予注意。例句：A fence at the back of garden (分开) us from the neighbours.(正确答案：separates或separated)
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9、 Reduce, reuse, and recycle. This familiar environmentalist slogan tells us how to reduce the amount of rubbish that ends up in landfills and waterways. The concept is being used to deal with one possibly dangerous form of waste — electronic junk (电子垃圾), such as old computers, cell phones, and televisions. But this process for managing e-waste may be used in an unscrupulous way more often than not used, a recent report suggests.“A lot of these materials are being sent to developing nations under the excuse of reuse — to bridge the digital divide,” said Richard Gutierrez, a policy researcher.One of the problems is that no one proves whether these old machines work before they hit the seaways. Because of this, the report says, e-waste is a growing problem in Lagos, Nigeria, and elsewhere in the developing world. Much of the waste ends up being thrown away along rivers and roads. Often it’s picked apart by poor people, who may face dangerous exposure to poisonous chemicals in the equipment.Businessmen also pay workers a little money to get back materials such as gold and copper. This low-tech recovery process could expose workers and the local environment to many dangerous materials used to build electronics. According to Gutierrez, this shadow economy exists because the excuse of recycling and reusing electronics gives businessmen “a green passport” to ship waste around the globe. “Developing nations must take upon some of the responsibility themselves,” Gutierrez said. But, he added, “A greater portion of this responsibility should fall on the exporting state.”China, for example, has become a dumping place for large amounts of e-waste. The nation is beginning to take action to stop the flow of dangerous materials across its borders. The Chinese government, after many years of denial is finally beginning to take the lead.1、 The passage mainly tells us that _______.A．developing countries are facing serious environmental problemsB．e-waste is sent to developing countries under the excuse of reuseC．developing countries are making full use of e-wasteD．e-waste is a growing problem in developed countries2、What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?A．A lot of e-waste is dumped in developing countries.B．Poor people break up e-waste to collect some valuable materials. C．The problem of e-waste is growing in developing countries.D．Old computers and TVs still work before they are sent abroad.3、The underlined word “unscrupulous” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.A．immoralB．wrongC．proudD．unsafe4、From what Gutierrez said we can learn that ________.A．developing countries should be responsible for this problemB．exporting countries should be mainly responsible for this problemC．neither rich nor poor countries should be blamed for this problemD．poor countries should be blamed for this problem
10、 Preparing for the Next Job MarketThe latest spike in the unemployment rate is being felt across the board ?in 98 percent of metropolitan areas, in high-wage and low-wage jobs, among young and old, women and men, but especially men．This landscape means that young Americans who are trying to plan their futures right now have some hard choices．Do they go to college and take on debt without hope of getting a job? And what about high school students? Do they have any chance of securing a job without a college degree? Perhaps the education system needs to react to this rapidly moving economic crisis．In our current economic collapse, the connection between education and employment could not be more different than it was during the Depression．Education must now hold center stage, not because of an enemy abroad but because of the global economy．The jobs of the future will demand levels of education, particularly skills in mathematics, technology and science, which exceed those now taught in high school．A healthy society should strive for full employment．In our times, that goal cannot be realized, or even approximated by creating jobs for the unskilled．The long-term prospect for economic recovery depends on the extent to which we improve our educational system．And this is where America is now at its weakest．##Our high schools produce graduates who do not write well enough, have limited reasoning skills and are unable to use the tools of mathematics．Their command of science is far inferior to that of their counterparts in other nations．And all too many young people drop out．We may still have the best university system, but it benefits only a minority．We will need more engineers, scientists and service providers, particularly in the health professions, with a quality of education that cannot be obtained in the current system．Radical change, not reform, is called for．What should be done? First, high school should be cut short and end when students are 16．Second, a new generation of two-year college programs tied to a wide range of specific skills that the economy needs should be created．Third, access to four-year colleges should be expanded, giving more Americans the chance to acquire the deep learning that makes breakthroughs in technology possible．Fourth, we need to recruit more public school teachers and train them better, particularly in physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics, so that our children can be prepared to compete．1、Nowadays, students graduating from high school____．A．write well enoughB．have limitless reasoning skillsC．can't use the tools of mathematicsD．command science as much as their counterparts in other nations2、What should we do to improve the quality of education?A．Students shouldn't study in high school until 16．B．We should create a new generation of two-year college programs tied to a wide range of specific skills the economy needs．C．We should limit access to four-year colleges．D．We ought to recruit more private school teachers and train them better．3、What does the word "collapse" in the third paragraph mean?A．successB．failureC．developmentD．booming4、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Young Americans planning their futures have difficult choices．B．Education must hold center stage due to the global economy．C．The best university system benefits a majority．D．A health society should struggle for full employment．
11、 The food we eat seems to have great effects on our health. Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well. Different cultures are subject to certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐) and nitrites(亚硝酸盐), commonly used to keep color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels(标签) of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cows and chick and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these, the practices continue.1、How has science done a bad service to mankind?A．Diseases caused by food have been done away with.B．It has caused a lack of information about the value of food.C．Some harmful materials have been added to our food.D．Scientists have made food more expensive to eat.2、What are nitrates used for?A．They help process packaged food.B．They keep the color in meats.C．They cure diseases of cows and chickens. D．They cause the animals to become fatter.3、Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．You can find out harmful additives on the packaging labels of food.B．Drugs given to animals are not all for medical reasons.C．Researchers knew about the harm of food additives about 60 years ago.D．Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.4、According to the passage, the FDA might be _________.A．an organization which controls the safety of food B．a producer which makes additivesC．a factory which processes foodD．a hospital which cures cancer
12、 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。During the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States, Christmas was a very different kind of holiday than it is today. There was no set of way of celebrating the day,which was not yet an official holiday.
71 Some observed Christmas as an important Christian religious day honoring the birth of Jesus.Others celebrated the day with parties,music,drinking and eating.
.Calvinist Christians banned the celebration of Christmas.But groups such as Episcopaliansand Moravians honored the day with religious services and seasonal decorations.By mid-century,Christian groups began to ignore their religious diffrences over the meaning of Christmas and honored the day in special ways.Christmas became an important time for families to celebrate at home. More and more Christians Americans also began to follow the European traditions of Christmas trees and giving gifts.Christians believed that the tree represented Jesus and was also a sign of new beginnings. German immigrants brought their tradion of putting lights,sweets and toys on the branches of evergreen trees placed in their homes.This tradition of setting up a Christmas tree soon spread to many American homes.
74 As these traditions increased in popularity,the modern trade and business linked to Christmas also grew.As Christmas became more popular,some states declared the day a state holiday.Louisiana was the first state to make the move in eighteen thirty-seven.
.It was not until eighteen seventy that President Ulysses Grant made Christmas a federal holiday.A．So did the practice of giving people presents.B．By eighteen sixty,fourteen other states had followed.C．And,some communities did not celebrate the day at all.D．Americans seldom gave each other presents on Christmas Day.E. But many new American Christmas songs started to become popular.F. Religion played a big role in how an American might celebrate the holiday.G. Communities around the country honored the day in different ways.
13、 _________, I guess, and you can make it.A．If you make more effortsB．Making more effortsC．A bit more effortsD．To have made more efforts
14、 There was such a long queue for fried chicken at KFC that we_____ gave up. A．eventuallyB．unfortunatelyC．generouslyD．purposely
15、 In Europe people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meal, a system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag（曲折的）method. Americans hold both the fork and the knife in their right hands throughout the meal, so they continually change their forks to the left hand when they have to cut their meat. It seems to be funny for the Europeans to see Americans busy changing their dinner sets, making a lot of noises. A few explanations for this American style are as follows:(1)Americans are practical and efficient. Since most of us are right-handed, it is reasonable to keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently.?(2)Americans, the master of the New World are rebels（叛逆者）.They use the zigzag method to break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England. Americans are a restless kind. They do not like to sit in one spot for very long when dining.(3)Forced to do so, they respond by “playing” with the silver.?Whatever the reason for the practice, it is now certainly as American as apple pie. Europeans recognize this and are quick to attack it as evidence of American innocence（无知）of form. Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition. In Old World dining, the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders（入侵者）.However, such alertness（警觉） is out of place in the New World, as every American believes that this is the home of the brave. Americans juggle their silverware, perhaps, to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades（刀）.?1、Americans use _______ to hold their fork to pick up the salad.?A．the right handB．the left hand?C．both handsD．either of the two hands?2、As the masters of the New World, Americans use a different cutting method from that in the Old World to _______.?A．show their independence of Mother England?B．show their disrespect to Mother England?C．add a new tradition to those in Mother England?D．show off their creativeness to Mother England?3、In the sentence, the word “juggle” probably means _______.?A．holdB．play withC．pick upD．lay down??4、Which of the following statements is NOT true? ?A．European people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.B．The zigzag eating method is related to American characteristics.?C．The zigzag eating method has become an American feature.?D．European people will use the American method because of its efficiency.
16、 In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They found out that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events has a great effect on your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illnesses”.If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.?The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of what we know about people. It is supposed that we're all weak and passive in the face of difficulty. But many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental damage.1、The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _______.?A．what should be done to avoid stress?B．the way of dealing with major events may cause stress?C．what kind of event would cause stress?D．how to deal with sudden changes in life?2、The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to_______.?A．great fear about the mental problems it could cause?B．widespread worry over its harmful effects?C．a deep research into illnesses connected with stress?D．popular avoidance of stressful jobs?3、According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become___.A．discouraged when faced with difficultyB．physically and mentally weak?C．more experienced in the face of difficultyD．uninterested in what happens to them4、What’s the purpose of writing the text? ?A．To tell people the discoveries about stress.?B．To tell people how to keep healthy.?C．To help people avoid stressful events.?D．To help people view stress properly.
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