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英语书面表达高手训练四招十二式
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英语书面表达高手训练四招十二式
英语书面表达高手训练四招十二式秘诀
第1式：积累词汇
computerscreen, keyboard, monitor, mouse disk, modem, software, system,
program, Internet, on line, download, websitekitchencupboardbowl, plate, dish, fork, poon, chopstickstap, gas, washcloth, bottle, knife, cutting boardrefrigerator,fooddrink
. Time: century, year, season, month, week, day, night, hour, quarter, minute,
. Seasons: spring, summer, autumn,
. Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, D
. Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, S
. Days: the day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, th
. Day and night: dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening, mid-night.
callcall sbcall upcall forcall outcall incall oncall atgive sba callcall sbnamesget,getget offget onget inget toget upget hold ofget onalong withget rid ofget into troubleget used to(doing)get togetherget ready forgetget+v-ingv-edadj
actionable
counteraction
counteract
counteractive
interaction
interactive
cover, duct, struct
take, put, look
第2式：掌握语法
wifeherselfwolfthiefhalfleafknifeshelflifef(e) vesHis wife herself killed a wolf and a thief with half a leaf and a knife on the shelf in her life.
1AAA: cost cost cost…
2ABA: overcome overcame overcome…
3ABB: lead led led…
4ABC: swim swam swun…
tonotice, observesee, watch, look at, hear, listen tofeelhave, make, let“to”
enjoy, consider, escape, avoid
forbid, give up, risk
admit, appreciate, be worth
mind, imagine, delay, put off
require, finish, look forward to
suggest, can’t help, practice
allow, permit, excuse, insist
feel like, succeed in, devote…to
1while“……”, , While the discussion was still going on, George came in. ,
2while“; ”,
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast. ,
3while“; ”,
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. ,
4while“”,
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united. ,
while, be, be
While listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
While in London, he studied music and painting. ,
6while, “; ”
after a while all the while,
a short / little while agoonce in a whilewait / rest(for) a while
1. chief, gulf, proof, roof, serf, beliefs
4. “that”
第3式：熟悉句型
The sun was shining.
What he said does not matter.
This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner smells good.
She smiled her thanks.
He enjoys reading.
I showed him my pictures.
He denies her nothing.
We saw him out.
He asked me to come back soon.
He studies English. ()
There aren’t many students in the school.
Do you know the way to the station?
What ever do you mean by saying this?
It is quite cheap, isn’t it?
He is a doctor or a nurse?
Come here!
Don’t be standing!
Let’s go for a walk.
What fine weather it is!
How fast the plane flies!
It is wonderful! ()
We found the hall full.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People’s Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
1The students study in the school.
2The man is drawing a picture.
3My friend told me the truth.
Keys:(1) N is / are
(2) How long
Keys: (1)The old are respected in our country. (2)The population on the earth is increasing fast, isn’t it? (3)What a warm welcome we received! (4)Smoking is not allowed here. (5)It is too dark for us to see anything in the room.
第4式：审题立意
“” —— Haste makes waste
Dear Sir / Madam:
My name is Li Hua. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Winter Asian Games._____ ___
DavidInternetnotice,cultureDavid
2006Dos and Don’ts for the 2008 Olympic Volunteers
2006Film or book, which do you prefer?
One possible version
One Sunday morning, Li Ming and his grandpa were feeding the bird in the cage. The bird was unhappy though it had enough food and water. Li Ming did not know why.
The next morning on his way to school, Li Ming saw some birds flying in the sky. Then he thought of the lonely bird in the cage, He decided to persuade his grandpa to set the bird free. When he got home, he said to his grandpa, “Birds also need friends!” To his delight, his grandpa agreed.
The bird was set free. Grandpa and the children were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky.
第5式：组织语言
eating habits don’t have/ without breakfast
be p eat or drink too much. good eating habits , have various healthy diets, have meals regularly, to keep fit
2006Mr. Brown
* Thank you for your help you offered me during my stay in the U.S..
* I had left my English dictionary behind at your place.
* It is a precious gift from my American teacher.
* The dictionary must be on the bookshelf in my bedroom.
* Would you please be so kind as to send it back to me?
* I’ll pay for the postage.
2006 100—civic virtue
2old couple at nightsit at the tablestare at the doormake telephone calls wait forneed love and carespend some time with their parents
31It is a quarter past nine at night.2The old couple are sitting at the table waiting for their children.3) The grandmother stares at the door eagerly and the grandfather is making telephone calls.4) Old people also need love and care. 5)Young people should try their best to spend some time with their parents
4One possible Version
Waiting on Mid-autumn Festival
It is a quarter past nine at night. The old couple have had the reunion dinner prepared for a long time. They are sitting at the table waiting for their son, daughter-in-law and their lovely grandchildren. The dishes are gradually colding down, but they have not come yet. The grandmother stares at the door eagerly and the grandfather is making telephone calls but can not get through.
Are they too busy to come to their parents’ home to eat a dinner on Mid-autumn Festival?
It ought to be a happy day for families to get together. But like the old couple in the picture, today many old people are ignored by their children. They also need love and care. There is nothing more important than their family’s happiness for them. So every adult should try their best to spend some time with their parents and comfort their lonely heart.
第6式：谋篇布局
where, when, what, who ,how 1——2——3——2004
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice-cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted: “Stop thief! He’s snatched my bag! ”Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher’s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness .
,(),,1—— ,,2——3——2006III
June 8Dear Bob,
Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it an dour classroom building is right behind it. The library is big. When you get inside, you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects. There are also lots of newspapers and magazines. We borrow books and do some reading in the library. According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends. We all like our library very much.
Best wishes.Li Hua
1—— 2——3——2005
Dear Editor,
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city(). Some
of my classmates are in favor of the move(). They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams (1). They
also say that once moved, animals will have more space and
better living conditions in the suburbs(2). However, other students are against the idea(), saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is
well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is (1).
What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals(2).
To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing().
Yours truly,
——I am glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about … Here is my idea./Many thanks for your last kind letter. In your letter… ——Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please?
/I have something important to tell you.——This afternoon, I went to …——I wish to apply for the position of …
——I am looking forward to hearing from you soon./Please give my regard to your family.——That’s all. Thank you very much.——Though we were very tired, we felt very happy.——If you consider my application, please let me know. /I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks a lot.
Miss Morgan Miss Morgan
Possible version:
Dear Miss Morgan,
I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon(). My uncle is returning
home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon(). I am very much interested in American society and history.I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded(). And if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk().
Yours sincerely,
potential safety hazard
One possible Version:
Dear Manager,
I’m an exchange student from China. Yesterday, I went to your cinema to see a film. The film was very good, but I found some problems during the film.
First, when we were waiting for the film, there were so many ads that the film was late. Second, the sound of the film was too loud. I think it will be harmful to the people’s ears. Third, the brand of the safe exit was not clear enough, so there was the potential safety hazard.
I hope that you will pay attention to the problems. If you do more efforts, we will be more convenient, and your film will be more perfect.
Yours faithfully,
——“”——“”——“”
第7式：升级词汇
meeting——conferencetimetable—— stress——emphasize/
build—— constructenjoy——decide ——
determine/make up one’s mind
第8式：变换句式
They have grown many brightly-colored flowers around the house. It looks like a beautiful garden.
They have grown many brightly-colored flowers around the house, so it looks like a beautiful garden.
With many brightly-colored flowers grown around, this house looks like a beautiful garden.
1the + ...est +
+ (that) +
+ have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
2Nothing is + more +
+ than to + V
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
3There is no doubt that +
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
4There is no one but ... ...
There is no one but longs to go to college.
5It pays to + V ... ...
It pays to help others.
第9式：运用习语
andbesidesas well asin addition tonot only…but alsowhenfurthermorewhat's morewhat's worsebutwhileon the contraryon the other handhowevereither…or…whether…or…otherwisein a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speakingas a result, so, thus, therefore
The girl was frightened by noises in the night. She no longer dared to sleep in her room.
The man was shot in the leg. He continued firing at the police.
The book was translated into Chinese. Soon it became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
In the nineteenth century, Kibiru, a famous prophet of the Kikuku tribe, foretold _____ a fig tree at Thika would wither ______ Kenya became independent. _______ many of Kibiru’s prophecies proved to be accurate, the tree was considered sacred. _____ white men built a wall round the tree, they could not prevent it from falling. Kibiru’s prophecy came true, _____ the tree was struck by lightning just before Kenya gained her independence ____ it decayed completely.
1conclude /wind upqueer/ peculiarobserve /surveyapproach
superior/of the best quality
21Because the girl was frightened by noises in the night, she no longer dared to sleep in her room.
Frightened by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2)Although the man was shot in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
Although shot in the leg, the man continued firing at the police.
3)Once the book was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
3 As; T and
第10式：掌握时间
20254035102525
第11式：美化版面
第12式：调节心态
My Teacher Mr Moore
There’s a teacher Mr .Moore.
Who is lovely and thirty-four.
Always encouraging us to try.
He leads us to a world of“why”.
We all admire him more and more.
One possible version
Of all my teachers,Mr. Moore is the one who impresses me most. Though he is 34,he looks very young for his age.And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.
Compared with other teachers ,Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching .He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting .In his opinion,we should not only know “what”, but also understand “why”.So ,instead of giving us answers immediately ,he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.With his help.we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.What a wonderful world of “why”he leads us to!
He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.
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情态助动词的意义和用法
情态助动词从最普通的意义上来说，是修饰分句意义的一种方式，它可以反映说话者对其表述是否真实和可能的程度作出判断。但不同的情态助动词本身所包含的意义和用法又不同，下面逐个分析。
1）can和could的用法
1．表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
― Can I go now?&& ― Yes, you can.
注意：①could也可表示请求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
&& Could I come to see you tomorrow?
&& Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I’m afraid not.）
&&&&& ②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：
&& I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
2．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
3．“can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
2）may和might的用法
1．表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比many的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：
You may drive the car.
― Might I use your pen?&& ― No, you mustn’t.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2．用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
3．表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
4．“may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
3）must和have to的用法
1．表示必须、必要。如：
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
―Must we hand in our exercise books today?
―Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2．“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
&& This must be your pen.
3．“must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4．have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
②must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn’t go. 你可不要去。
You don’t have to go. 你不必去。
④询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
4）dare和need的用法
1．need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
―Need I finish the work today?
―Yes, you must.
注意：needn’t + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：
You needn’t have waited for me.
2．Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：
How dare you say I’m unfair.
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3．Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don’t you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
5）shall和should的用法
1．Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：
What shall we do this evening?
2．Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3．Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）
He shall be punished. （威胁）
4．Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
①I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
②You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。
③I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
⑤Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。
⑥If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。
⑦Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：
⑧Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？
⑨― Where is Betty living? ― 贝蒂住在哪里？
― How should I know? ― 我怎么会知道呢？
⑩I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
1．“should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如：
She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
2）will和would的用法
1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2．表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
3．用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4．Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5．表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
3）ought to的用法
1．Ought to表示应该。如：
You ought to take care of him.
2．表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）
He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）
This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）
This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）
3．“ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如：
You ought to have asked him (but you didn’t).
这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn’t smoke so much.
4）used to，had better，would rather的用法
1．Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
Usedn’t 亦可拼作usen’t，但发音皆为[ju:znt]。
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat, didn’t she? （正式）/ use(d)n’t she? （口语）
Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)
2．Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：
―We had better go now.
―Yes, we had (we’d better / we had better).
Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I’d better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）
You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
3．Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
―Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
―No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. （句中的’d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
一、基础训练
1）单项选择
1. You ___ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
(A) needn't& &&&&&(B) may not& &&&(C) can't& &&&&&&&(D) must not
2. "That must be a mistake." "No it ___ a mistake."
&&(A) must not be && &(B) needn't be & &(C) cannot be && &&&&(D) would not be
3. You ___ go now. It's getting late.
&&(A) had rather& &&& (B) would &&&& (C) had better& &&& (D) would
4. Since the bus is crowded, we ___.
&&(A) had better walk to home&& &&&&&&&&(B) have better walk home
&&(C) had better walk home&& &&&&&&&&&&(D) had better to walk home
5. "You ___ come in now, Mary! It's getting cold!" “I ___ go on playing in the garden."
&&(A) had better...had better& &&&&&&&&&&&&(B) would rather...had better
&&(C) had better...would rather& &&&&&&&&&&(D) had better...would have better
6. When I was a boy, I ___ chocolate.
&&(A) would like& &&& (B) was used to like & (C) should like && (D) used to like
7. I wasn't supposed to go to the movies, but I ___ myself.
&&(A) cannot help (B) couldn't but && &&(C) had to help (D) couldn't help
8. Looking at my determined face, the big boy ___ pick up the fight.
&&(A) dares not&& &&&(B) dare not& &&&&&&&& (C) doesn't dare&& (D) dares not to
9. He began to write two hours ago. He ___ have finished the article now.
&&(A) must&& &&&&&&(B) ought& &&&&&&&&&(C) ought to& &&&&(D) had to
10. You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
(A) needn't to come& (B) don't need come &(C) don't need coming &(D)needn't come
11. ___ you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
&&(A) Would& &&&&&(B) Should && &&&&&&&&(C) Can&& &&&&&&&&& (D) Could
12. ___ I have a talk with the Party Secretary now?
&&(A) Will &&&&&&&&(B) Did&&&&&&&&&&& (C) May &&&&&&&&& (D) Can
13. "You ___ read that article if you don’t want to.”
&&(A) needn't& &&&&&(B) mustn’t& &&&&&&&(C) haven't& &&&&&&&&&(D) can’t
14. When the storm comes all windows ___.
&(A) ought to close (B) ought to be closing (C) ought to be closed (D) ought to closed
15. I ___ me what happened.
&&(A) would like you tell&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&& (B) would like you to tell
&&(C) would like you telling&&& &&&&&&&&&&& (D) would like you that you tell
16. I hope you can visit my country soon, because___ to show you some of the beautiful places near my home.
&&(A) I like& &&& &&& (B) I'd like& &&&&&&& (C) I will like &&&&&&(D) I shall like
17. She ___ for yesterday's test, but she didn’t.
&(A)should have studied (B) would study (C) might be studying (D)must have studied
18. He ___ breakfast at eight o'clock when he lived alone. But nowadays he ___ it at seven.
&(A) was used to have ... is having& &&&&&&&(B) was used to having ...is having
&(C) used to have ... has& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(D) used to having ...was
19. In the old society Grandpa Zhou ___ to work long hours a day.
&&(A) was working& &(B) was having& &&&(C) had& &&&&&&&&&&&(D) has
20. Everybody ___ in bed.
&(A) has to spend some time& &&&&&&&&&&&&(B) have to spend some time
&(C) has to spend sometimes& &&&&&&&&&&&&(D) have to spend sometimes
2) 选择合适的词或词组填空
1. I have a headache. I __________ take an aspirin.
( would better)
2. He looks sleepy. He must __________ bed very late last night.
( have gone)
3. I want to go to the office, but you __________ with me.
( need not go)
4. I ought __________ those books to the library last week.
& ( to take)
5. The mother is telling her son, “You __________ eat with your fingers!”
& (wouldn’t; mustn’t)
6. He was a good swimmer so he _______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. ( could)
7. To travel from England to Scotland you __________ a passport.
& (don’ needn’t)
8. He went on foot, but he __________ by bus.
& ( should have gone)
9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?
& B: No, but I think he __________.
& ( should have)
10. He __________ talk for hours, if you let him.
&& ( will)
11. You __________ use this toothbrush, it’s mine.
&& ( shall not)
12. No matter what people say, I __________ do as I like.
&& ( will)
13. “I’m willing to let you take whatever you like.” Means “you ______ take whatever you like.”& ( will)
14. A: I haven’t felt well for a week.
&& B: You __________ see a doctor.
&& ( should have to)
15. A: He is late, __________ he have missed the bus?
&& B: Yes, he must have missed the bus.
&& (C Must)
二、强化练习
1) 选择填空
1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
& A. mustn’t have spoken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. couldn’t have spoken
2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
& A. not to be punished&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. to not be punished
C. to not punished&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. not be punished
3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.
& A. be smoking&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. have smoked
& C. to smoke&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. smoking
4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
& A. mustn’t go& B. shouldn’t go& C. couldn’t have gone& D. shouldn’t have gone
5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.
& A. had been&&&& B. had to be&&&& C. must have been&&& D. could have been
6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
& A. should fail&& B. would have failed& C. may have failed& D. should have failed
7. The little girl _____ there alone.
& A. not dare go&& B. dares not go&&& C. dare not go&&& D. dare not to go
8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
& A. won’t&&&&&&& B. needn’t&&&&&&& &&C. can’t&&&&&&&&&& D. don’t
9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
& A. doing&&&&&&& B. to do&&&&&&&&&&& C. do&&&&&&&&&&&& D. to be doing
10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
&A. needn’t to come& B. don’t need come& C. don’t need coming& D. needn’t come
11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
& A. can&&&&&&&&&&& B. could&&&&&&&&&&&& C. would&&&&&&&&& D. must
12. I _____ play football than baseball.
& A. would rather&&& B. had better&&&&& C. like better&&&&&& D. prefer
13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
& A. may&&&&&&&&&&& B. might&&&&&&&& C. could&&&&&&&&& D. must
14. There was plenty of times. She _____.
& A. mustn’t have hurried&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. couldn’t have hurried&
C. must not hurry&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. needn’t have hurried
15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
& A. will give&&&& B. would have given&&& C. must give&&&& D. should have given
16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
& A. can’t&&&&&&& B. mustn’t&&&&&&&&&&& C. needn’t&&&&&&&& D. may not
17. It’s still early, you _____.
&A. mustn’t hurry&& B. wouldn’t hurry&& C. may not hurry&& D. don’t have to hurry
18. Please open the window, _____?
& A. can’t you&&&&& B. aren’t you&&&&&&&& C. do you&&&&&&&&& D. will you
19. We _____ for her because she never came.
& A. mustn’t have waited&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. shouldn’t have waited&
C. mustn’t wait&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. needn’t wait
20. ― May I stop here?& ― No, you _____.
& A. mustn’t&&&&&&& B. might not&&&&&&&& C. needn’t&&&&&&&&& D. won’t
21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.
& A. won’t we&&&&&& B. will we&&&&&&&&&& C. don’t we&&&&&&&& D. shall we
22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
& A. mustn’t have spoken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. shouldn’t have spoken
& C. needn’t have spoken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. couldn’t have spoken
23. ― Please don’t make a noise.
&& ― _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
& A. Yes, I won’t&&&&& B. No, I won’t&&&& C. No, I will&&&&&& D. Yes, I will
24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
& A. could&&&& &&&&&&&B. must&&&&&&&&& C. would&&&&&&&&& D. should
25. ― Where is John?&&& ― He _____ in the library.
& A. should be&&&&&&&& B. must be&&&&&&& C. can be&&&&&&&& D. must have been
26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
& A. it must rain &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. it must be raining&
C. it must have rained&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. it must have been rain
27. ― Will your brother stay home tonight?
― I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
& A. must go&&&&&&&&& B. can go&& &&&&&&&C. may go&&&&&&&& D. may be going
28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?
& A. can have happened&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. may have happened
& C. should have happened&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. must happen
29. You must be a writer, _____?
& A. mustn’t you&&&&& B. are you&&&&&&& C. must you&&&&&&& D. aren’t you
30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
& A. mustn’t have done&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&D. can’t have done
31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
& A. could&&&&&&&&&& B. should&&&&&&&&& C. ought to&&&&&& D. all the above
32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
& A. must&&&&&&&&&&& B. have to&&&&&&&& C. may&&&&&&&&& D. had to
33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
& A. oughtn’t&&&&&&& B. shouldn’t&&&&&&& C. mustn’t&&&&&& D. both A and B
34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
& A. can&&&&&&&&&&&& B. may&&&&&&&&&&& C. should&&&&&&& D. might
35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?
& A. will you&&&&&&&& B. don’t we&&&&&&&&& C. shall we&&&&& D. do you
36. Let us play basketball, ______?
& A. will you&&&&&&&& B. don’t we&&&&&&&&& C. shall we&&&&& D. do you
37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.
& A. must&&&&&&&&&&& B. may&&&&&&&&&&& C. shall&&&&&&&& D. both B and C
38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
& A. didn’t&&&&&&&&&& B. couldn’t&&&&&&&& &C. don’t&&&&&&&& D. can’t
39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
& A. was used to tell&& B. is used to telling&& C. used to tell&& D. used to telling
40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
& A. cost … not&& B. to spare … don’t&& C. pay … than&& D. spend … than
2）强化练习题
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.
　A) needn't have washed&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) shouldn't have washed
　C) must not have washed&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the
he____ last night.
A) should study&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) should have studied
C) must have studied　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) must have to study
3) The room i it ____cleaned.
　A) can't have been&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) shouldn't have been
　C) mustn't have been&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 　D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed& B) can sail&& C) might have sailed&& D) should have sailed 　5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
　A) should have been 　　B) must have been 　　C) must be 　　D) should be 　　6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
　A) can't have changed 　　B) wouldn't have changed
　C) must have changed&&&& D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
　A) needn't go&& B) had better not go 　C) should not go 　D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
　A) must receive 　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) ought to receive
C) must have received 　&&&&&&&&&&& D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
　A) mustn't go& B) shouldn't have gone& C) could not go& D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
　A) should get up 　B) must get up 　C) need to get up 　D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
　A) needn't have eaten 　&&&&&&&&&&& B) couldn't have eaten
　C) mustn't have eaten 　　&&&&&&&&& D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
　A) had 　& B) would do 　 　C) should have 　 　D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked& B) should asked　C) must have asked　D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film I____ there earlier.
　A) ought to get 　B) ought to have got 　C) must have got 　D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.
A) must rained 　B) must have rained 　C) must be rained 　D) could have rained
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
　A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
　B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
　C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
　D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be 　B) used to be 　C) was used to 　D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
　A) mustn't visit& B) can't have visited& C) should have gone to see& D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
　A) should have received 　&&&&&&&&&&& B) has received 　
C) couldn't have received 　&&&&&&&&&& D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
　A) would have liked to give&&& &&&&&&&&B) liked to give
　C) have liked to give&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 　D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
　A) is, must have taken&&&&&&&&&&&&& 　B) is, must take
　C) have been, must take&&&&&&&&&&&& 　D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
　A) will you suppose&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 　B) you suppose
　C) do you suppose&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 　D) you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
　A) can&&&&&&&& B) may 　　&&& C) will 　　&& D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
　A) Would 　　& B) Will 　　&&& C) May 　　& D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
　A) oughtn't we 　　B) should we 　　C) shouldn't we 　　D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask * for help.
A) shall know 　B) shouldn't know 　C) has known 　D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
　A) had better got 　B) had to get better 　C) had better to get 　D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
　A) needn't hurry 　　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) didn't need hurry 　　
C) needn't to hurry 　　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) needn't have hurried
29) It was r you ____ him seriously.
　A) might have injured&&&&&&&&&&&&& 　　B) could injure
　C) should have injured&&&&&&&&&&&& 　　D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
　A) needn't&&&&&&& B) may not 　& 　C) mustn't& 　　 D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
　A) must 　　&&&& B) could 　　&&& C) may&&& 　　 D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
　A) could&&&&&&&& B) would&&&&&&&& C) must&&&&&&& D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
　A) can 　　&&& B) may 　　&&&&&& C) must&&&&&&&& D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
　A) may have been taken away&&&&&&&&&& B) may leave
　C) may take away&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&　　D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
　A) can reach&& B) could catch&& C) may not catch&& D) couldn't have caught
3) 单句改错（先判断句子是否正确，正确的句子不需改动。）
1. Ought you smoke so much?
2. If Fred didn’t leave here before five, he mustn’t be home yet.
3. I’m going home. I don’t want to but I must, because my mother asked me not to go out after dark.
4. After I’ve finished my course, I’ll can speak English fluently.
5. I can be seeing the top of the tower in this bedroom.
6. You are not able to play football in the park on Sundays, though you may do so on weekdays.
7. He can’t be working at this hour!
8. Mary Blake ought to not be home by now.
9. His luggage is still here, he must not have left.
10. I used to writing poetry myself when I was his age.
三、能力提升
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
& A. can’t&&&&&&&&& B. mustn’t&&&&&&&&& C. needn’t&&&&&&&& D. may not
2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
& A. might lose& B. would have lost& C. should have lost& D. must have lost
3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
& A. seen&&&&&&&&& B. did see&&&&&&&& C. had seen&&&&& D. were to see
4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
& A. must be&&& B. must have been&&&& C. should be& &&D. should have been
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
& A. would have prevented&&&&&&&&& B. would prevent
& C. would prevent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. would have prevented
6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
& A. might have given& B. might have& C. may have given& D. may give
7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
& A. could have climbed&&&&&&& B. could climb
& C. could have climbed&&&& D. could climb
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
& A. is&&&& B. will be&&&&& C. would have been&&&&&& D. would be
9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
& A. can’t&&&&& &&&B. couldn’t&&&&&&&& C. may not&&&&&& D. might not
10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
& A. must&&&&&&&& B. should&&&&&&&&& C. need&&&&&&&&& D. would
11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
& A. must have studied&& B. might study& C. should have studied& D. would study
12. ― Could I borrow your dictionary?
&& ― Yes, of course you _____.
& A. might&&&&&&& B. will&&&&&&&& C. can&&&&&&&&& D. should
13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
& A. have told&&&&& B. tell&&&&&&&& C. be telling&&&& D. having told
14. ― If he _____, he _____ that food.
&& ― Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
& A. would not take&&&&& B. would not have taken
& C. had not taken&& D. wo had not taken
15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
& A. must&&&&&&&& B. may&&&&&&&&& C. can&&&&&&&&& D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
& A. had to write it out&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. must have written it out
& C. should have written it out&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. ought to write it out
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
& A. has come&&&& B. did come&&&&& C. came&&&&&& D. had come
18. ― Shall I tell John about it?
&& ― No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
& A. needn’t&&&&&& B. wouldn’t&&&&&& C. mustn’t&&&&&& D. shouldn’t
19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
& A. breaks&&&& B. has broken&&&& C. were broken&&&& D. had been broken
20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
& A. must&&&&&& B. need&&&&&& C. should&&&&&& D. can
21.― There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
&& ― It _____ a comfortable journey.
& A. can’t be&&& B. shouldn’t be&&& C. mustn’t have been&& D. couldn’t have been
22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
& A. won’t; can’t&& B. mustn’t; may&& C. shouldn’t; must&& D. can’t; shouldn’t
23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
& A. had to&&&&&&& B. would&&&&&&&& C. could&&&&&&&&& D. was able to
24. ― When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
&& ― They _____ be ready by 12:00.
& A. can&&&&&&&&&& B. should&&&&&&&&& C. might&&&&&&&& D. need
25. ― I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
&& ― Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
& A. could have stayed&& B. could stay&& C. would stay&& D. must have stayed
26. ― Will you stay for lunch?
& ― Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
& A. I mustn’t&&&&& B. I can’t&&&&&& C. I needn’t&&&&& D. I won’t
27. ― Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
&& ― I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
& A. must&&&&&&&&& B. would&&&&&&&&& C. should&&&&&&&& D. might
28. ― Write to me when you get home.
&& ― _____.
& A. I must&&&&&&&& B. I should&&&&&&&& C. I will&&&&&&& D. I can
29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
&A. mustn’t leave& B. shouldn’t have left&&& C. couldn’t have left& D. needn’t leave
30. ― Is John coming by train?
&& ― He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
& A. must&&&&&&&&& B. can&&&&&&&&&& C. need&&&&&&&&&& D. may
基础训练部分
1――5& ACCCC& 6――10& DDBCD& 11――15 CCACB& 16――20 BACCA
1. had better&&& 2. have gone&&& 3. need not go&& 4. to have taken&
5. mustn’t&&&&& 6. was able to&& 7. don’t need&&& 8. should have gone
9. should have&& 10. will&&&&&&& 11. shall not&&& 12. will&
13. shall&&&&&& 14. had better&&& 15. Can
强化练习1）选择填空部分答案解析
1. D.& must表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选D。
2. A.& 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式，ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do，所以答案是A。
3. A.& must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。
4. D.& 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况；couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选D。
5. D.& could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
6. D.& should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用should have done sth. Would 和 may通常不带感情色彩。
7. C.& 题中的dare是情态动词，后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
8. B.& must开头的疑问句，否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。
9. C.& would rather通常也视为情态动词（组），后接动词原形，其否定形式为would rather not。
10. D.& need作为情态动词，其否定形式为needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。
11. D.& must用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must + 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
12. A.& would rather … than …，意为“宁愿（做）……而不（做）……”。
13. B.& 由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
14. D.& needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
15. D.& should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
16. C.& can’t（不能），mustn’t（不准），may not（不可以），均不合题意。
17. D.& don’t have to = needn’t
18. D.& will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
19. B.& should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
20. A. may开头的疑问句，否定答语常用mustn’t。
21. D.& 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。
22. D.& 推测“她不可能在会上发言”，must表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。
23. B.& will在此处表示“意志（向）”。
24. D.& should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
25. B.& must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。
26. C.& must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。
27. C.& 表示推测时，must比may语气肯定。
28. A.& can表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。
29. D.& must表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态（现在的事实）进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词的过去式。
30. C.& needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且实际上未做）”则用“didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”
31. D.& A表示“本能够”，B, C表“本应该”。
32. D.& have to表示客观上要求做某事，must表示主观上认为必须做某事。
33. D.& ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。
34. C.& should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
35. C.& Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。
36. A.& Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。
37. D.& may和shall均可表“允诺”。
38. A.& 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”，为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
39. C.& used to do“过去（常）做某事”，be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。
40. D.& would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构。
强化练习2）答案
1――5 &ACACB& 6――10 CDDDD& 11――15 DCDBB& 16――20 BBCCA
21――25 ACACA& 26――30 DDDAC& 31――35 BBCAD
强化练习3）单句改错答案
1. (No mistake)在否定句和疑问句中，ought后面的to可省。
2. mustn’t ― can’t&& 3. must ― have to& 4. can ― be able to&
5. be seeing ― see&& 6. are not able to ― cannot& 7. (No mistake)
8. to not ― not to&&& 9. must ― can&&&& 10. writing ― write
能力提升答案全解
1．C& 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D& 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C& 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B& 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A& 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A& might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C& 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D& 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A& can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B& 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C& 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C& 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①― Would you rather do such a thing?& ― Yes, I would.
②― Would you like some tea?& ― Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A& 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B& 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B& 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C& 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D& 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A& 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C& 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C& 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D& 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B& mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D& 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B& 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A& 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B& 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D& might表示“可能性”。
28．C& 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B& shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D& 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。
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