2012年上海高考英语试卷分析
2012年上海高考英语试卷分析
2012年的高考英语卷仍采用客观型考试和主观型考试相结合的形式，由两大部分（第I卷和第II卷）组成,。在侧重测试语言基础知识的同时，也侧重语言运用能力的考察，注重命题过程的科学性，力求准确地测试考生语言运用能力的听、说、读、写四项技能，试卷具有较高的可信度、区分度，难度也比较适中。以下是上海市教育考试院试卷分析：
1.语篇题材、体裁多样，语言地道，有利于全面真实地测试考生的语言能力
2012年高考英语卷所用素材均取材于英美人真实的生活场景，所用语言地道真实，使考试所用语言和以英语为母语的人们的日常生活、工作的语言相一致，从而能更真实地测试出考生语言能力。在试题的选材上力求内容新颖，信息量大，主题涉及广，以求全面考核考生的语言能力。考卷中语篇的主题包含了教育、心理、健康、语言学习、人与自然等诸多领域；体裁包括故事、广告、报道、研究报告等等不同的文体，使擅长于阅读不同题材或体裁的考生均有展现自己能力的机会。
2.难点分布合理，体现考核的公平性
今年的高考英语试卷除注意难题和容易题的比例，以及各语篇之间的坡度外，还特别注意难点的分布。除语法继续坚持对&基础、常见、实用&的语言知识的考核原则外，其它大题都有一、二个较难的题目。把难题分散到各大题，让能力发展不均衡的考生，不因为某一方面的缺陷而大量失分；同时也为在听、说、读、写方面有不同特长的考生提供了展示自己能力的地方，有助于实现考核的公平性原则。
3.注重语言运用能力的考核，有利于素质教育
2012年高考英语卷十分注重语言运用能力的考核。如阅读的第二篇文章介绍的是如何使用悉尼公交的一种乘车证的广告材料。每个到悉尼的旅游者都能拿到这样的广告材料，但要能购买、使用这种乘车证，首先要看懂广告。今年的试卷选用这类材料是希望考生能把平时学到知识运用到现实生活中去，做到如课程标准所要求的那样，能用英语做事。
今年完形填空所要选择单词的词义并不生僻，但考生必须在读懂全文或段落主要内容的基础上才能选出正确答案。这样的试题旨在引导考生重视理解语篇的主要意思和在语篇中综合运用词汇的能力，逐渐改变考生只关注孤立的词义，而忽视文章对词义影响的学习方法。
此外，今年的词汇题也强调在理解文章基础上，综合运用词汇知识的能力。
4.写作题目灵活，给予考生充分的发挥余地
2012年的作文要求考生根据两幅图片写一篇日记。图片上画的是一个小女孩的两堂不同的绘画课，题目的要求是描述这两幅画，并谈谈自己的感想。考生既可以从兴趣对学习重要性的角度去描写这两堂绘画课，也可以从培养创造性这一视角阐述自己的感想。题目虽提出了文章的一个大框架，但并没规定一定要怎么写，这给考生留下很大的想象空间，为考生展示自己写作的能力提供了用武之地。
总而言之，2012年英语卷在考察语言知识的基础上，适应语言测试的潮流，也注重考核语言的运用和交际能力；通过丰富的考核内容，为不同水平的考生提供了发挥的平台，全卷视野开阔，有一定的深度和广度。试卷的难度总体与近年持平，保持中等偏易。
附：2013年高考英语上海卷试卷结构：
语法和词汇
指导性写作
二、逐题分析
第I卷&& （共105分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Hello, may I help you?
M: Yes, we would like to check into our room.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
&&&& A. At a library.&& &&&& &&&& B. At a hotel.&&&& &&&& &&&& C. At a bank. &&&& &&&& D. At an airport.
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】根据事实信息进行简单的推断
【难度等级】基础，通过率98%
【思路解析】根据男士的回答&我们想要登记入住&，可以推断出这段对话可能发生在宾馆。
2. W: Come on, John! Relax! What can go wrong?
M: At my first job interview? Plenty.
Q: How does the man feel?
&&&& A. Relaxed.&& &&&& &&&& B. Annoyed.&& &&&& &&&& C. Worried.&& &&&& &&&& D. Satisfied.
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】能在具体语境中正确识别和理解同步的语音、语调所表达的意义。
【难度等级】稍难，通过率78%
【思路解析】根据女士对男士的关心&放轻松点，能有什么问题呢？&男士的回答&在我的第一次求职面试中吗？有很多（问题）。&可以推断出男士的心情比较担心自己的面试；13.08%的学生选了B，可能没有听到所说的内容，而误以为他当时很恼火(annoyed)。
3. M: Good morning, madam, what can I do for you?
W: Well, someone at the hotel suggested I come here to buy a coat.
Q: What&s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
&&&& A. Doctor and patient. &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. Shop owner and customer.
&&&& C. Secretary and boss. &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. Receptionist and guest.
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】根据事实信息进行简单的推断。
【难度等级】基础，通过率80%
【思路解析】根据男士的问话&有什么可以帮忙的吗&和女士的回答&酒店里有人建议我来这里买外套&可以推断出对话双方为店主及顾客。15.26%的学生选了D，可能只听到了&酒店&一词就以为对话双方为&酒店前台及客人&
4. W: I gave Dave 300 dollars for his sponsored concert.
M: 300 dollars? Sandy, you must be mad! I wish I had 300 dollars to throw round like that.
Q: What does the man mean?
&&&& A. He would have thrown $300 around. &&&& &&&& B. $300 is not enough for the concert.
&&&& C. Sandy shouldn&t have given that much. &&&& D. Dave must be mad with the money.
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】理解话语中的暗含之意
【难度等级】基础，通过率80%
【思路解析】根据男士的回答&300元，你肯定疯了，要是我也有这些钱去挥霍就好了&可以推断出他认为给的钱太多了；10.14%的考生选了B，可能只听到了300元就选了。
5. M: Shall I come and take you to the railway station?
W: No, thanks, I&ll manage. It&s not far any way.
Q: What can we learn about the woman?
&&&& A. She lives close to the man.&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. She changes her mind at last.
&&&& C. She will turn to her manager. &&&& &&&& &&&& D. She declines the man&s offer.
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】能理解话语中的暗含之意
【难度等级】基础，通过率83%
【思路解析】根据女士的回答&不，谢谢，我自己去吧，反正也不远&可以推断出她婉拒了男士的请求。
6. W: How many children have you got?
M: Two. John&s five and Clair&s four. And there&s another one on the way.
Q: How many children will the man most probably have?
&&&& A. 2.&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. 3.&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& C. 4.&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. 5.
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】能根据事实信息进行推断
【难度等级】较难，通过率64%
【思路解析】根据男士的回答&有两个，John5岁，Clara 4岁，还有一个快出生了&可以推断出将有三个孩子。27.11%的考生选了A，可能没听懂男士所说的后半句。
7. W: Do you know how I can stop drinking too much coffee?
M: No, but I wish I did. I spend too much money at cafe&s.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
&&&& A. Both of them drink too much coffee.&&& &&&& &&&&
&&&& B. The woman doesn&t like coffee at all.
&&&& C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.&
&&&& D. The man is uninterested in the woman&s story.
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】能理解话语中的暗含之意
【难度等级】基础，通过率83%
【思路解析】根据女士的提问&怎么可以让我少喝点咖啡&和男士的回答&我多希望我能知道，我在咖啡馆也花了不少钱&可知两人都习惯喝很多的咖啡。
8. W: Could you give me a hand moving this cupboard, please?
M: Well, I&d rather not if you don&t mind. I&m not feeling well today.
Q: What does the man mean?
&&&& A. He doesn&t mind helping the woman.&&& &&&& B. He hesitates whether to help or not.
&&&& C. He&ll help if the woman doesn&t mind.&&&& &&&& D. He can&t help move the cupboard.
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】能理解话语中的暗含之意
【难度等级】基础，通过率80%
【思路解析】根据男士的回答&不介意的话，我就不帮忙了，我今天不舒服&可以推断出他不能帮助搬橱子。10.28%的学生选了C，说明没听懂男士后面说的话。
9. M: Tom& s house is a mess! Doesn&t he ever clean it?
W: I guess he just has too much ails on his mind with that new job.
Q: What can we learn about Tom?
&&&& A. He&s planning to find a new job. &&&& &&&& B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.
&&&& C. He&s too busy to clean his house. &&&& &&&& D. He has already cleaned his new house.
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】能理解话语中的暗含之意
【难度等级】稍难，通过率79%
【思路解析】根据女士的回答&我猜他可能一心扑到那份新工作上了&可以推断出Tom太忙了无暇整理房间。16.37%的同学选了A，可能没听懂，只根据听到的&a new job&来猜测答案。
10. M: I didn&t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Britain.
W: According to my experience, it sounds too good to be true.
Q: what does the woman mean?
&&&& A. She doesn&t agree with the man.& &&&& &&&& B. She is good at finding a place to stay.
&&&& C. She could hardly find the truth.& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. She had no travel experience in Britain.
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】能理解话语中的暗含之意
【难度等级】较难，通过率64%
【思路解析】根据男士所说的&我很容易就在英国找到了住的地方&而女士的回答&根据我的经验，不会有这么好的事吧&可以推断出她不同意男士的说法。13.02%的考生选了B，11.75%的考生选了D， 11.27%的考生选了C，可能只根据听到的一些词如accommodation, good, Britain等来猜测答案。
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Passage 1:
&&& Well, I own a small data processing company, in which I employ about eight to ten workers. And the point I want to make has to do with trust. I know it&s possible to force people to be 100% efficient. But I think when you do that, you lose confidence and trust. I let my employees use our equipment and make personal phone calls. They are more than welcome to decide what is right and wrong. Because I think you can&t run a company by just giving orders to robots and watching them like big brother, right? I think you have to trust people and give them a little freedom. And also, as far as phone calls and all that go, I want my people to call home and check on their children and know their children are safe and sound. As a result, I have devoted employees who are willing to go that extra mile and I can honestly say they show up to work smiling. So I get more satisfaction and rewards by trusting my employees than by suspecting them of doing something wrong.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. Which of the following does the speaker allow his employees to do?
&&&& A. Use the company&s equipment. &&&& &&&& &&&& B. Give orders to robots.
&&&& C. Make decisions for the company.&& &&&& &&&& D. Act as Big Brother.
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】能获取话语中的事实信息
【难度等级】稍难，通过率70%
【思路解析】通过第五句I let my employees use our equipment&可以推断出该公司员工可以使用公司设备。16.85%的考生选C，可能听到一句they are more than welcome to decide what is right and what is wrong，但这句话是说&他们自己可以决定何为对错&，而不是&为公司做决定&，所以C是错的。
12. What result does the speaker expect to see under his management?
&&&& A. Employees gain full freedom.& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. Employees suspect one another.
&&&& C. Employees& children are happy.&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. Employees enjoy working there.
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】获取话语中的事实信息的能力
【难度等级】通过率75%
【思路解析】文中最后两句讲述者希望通过自己的领导，可以使手下的员工乐于在该公司工作，他也的确看到了这一结果，所以选D.
13. What does the speaker consider important in running a small company?
&&&& A. Reward.&&& &&&& &&&& B. Safety.&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& C. Trust. &&&& &&&& D. Honesty.
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】归纳大意的能力
【难度等级】通过率91%
【思路解析】从全文中可以归纳出讲述者强调的管理小公司的关键在于信任员工，并给与他们一定的自由，所以选C.
Questions14-16 are based on the following passage：
&&& The roots of Canadian English can be found in the events which followed the American revolution of 1776. Those who had supported Britain found themselves unable to stay in the new United States, and most went to Canada. They were soon followed by many thousands who were attracted by the cheapness of land. Within 50 years, the population of upper Canada had reached 100 thousand, mainly people from the United States. In the east, the Atlantic provinces had been settled by English speakers as early as the 15th century, but even today, these areas contain less than ten per cent of the population, so that they have only a limited role in the development of Canadian English. In Quebec, the majority of people use French as a mother tone. Here English and French exist together but uneasily. Because of its origins, Canadian English has a great deal in common with the rest of the English spoken in North America, and is often difficult to distinguish for people who live outside the region. To British people, Canadians may sound A to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with either, and certainly, there is a great deal of evidence in support of this view.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. Why did many Americans leave for Canada after the revolution?
&&&& A. Canada had a smaller population.& &&&& &&&& B. Land was cheaper in Canada.
&&&& C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.&&&& &&&& D. They were against Britain.
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】获取话语中的事实信息
【难度等级】通过率74%
【思路解析】第一段第三句话中我们可以得知有一批从美国前往加拿大的移民是被加拿大便宜的地价所吸引的，因此正确答案为B.
15. What can we learn about people in the Atlantic provinces?
&&&& A. They standardized Canadian English.
&&&& B. They settled there after the Revolution.
&&&& C. They enjoy a very high social position.
&&&& D. They make up a small part of the population.
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】获取话语中的事实信息
【难度等级】通过率44%
【思路解析】第二段第一句中我们可以得知这个地区的人口只占了全国人口的不到10%，因此正确答案为D.
16. What conclusion can be drawn about Canadian English from this passage?
&&&& A. It is considered unique to some extent.&&&& &&&& B. It is greatly influenced by French.
&&&& C. It is mainly linked to British culture.&&&& &&&& &&&& D. It dates back to the late 17th century.
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】归纳话语的主旨大意
【难度等级】通过率54%
【思路解析】根据前两段对加拿大英语的概述以及最后一段的总结，其他以英语为母语的人觉得加拿大英语和他们所说的英语并不完全相同，从而可以总结出从某种程度上来说，加拿大英语有自己的独特之处，因此正确选项为A.
Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
A: Good morning, Leeds University Students& Registration Center.
B: Good morning, I need to register for a class.
A: OK. May I take your name, please?
B: Sure, it&s Andrew Smith.
A: Which department do you study with?
B: The history department.
A: May I have your student ID?
B: HD3309.
A: What class are you trying to take?
B: I want to take a photography class.
A: Well, there&re only two classes open.
B: Can you tell me what days the classes are on?
A: One is on Tuesday, from 2 pm. to 4 pm.
B: And the other?
A: From 10:00 to 12:00 on Thursday.
B: OK, sign me up for the class on Tuesday.
A: Very well, then.
Complete the form. Write one word for each answer.
Class Registration Form
Department:
Student ID:
Andrew Smith
The _____17_____ Department
_____18_____
The _____19_____ class
_____20_____, 2:00&4:00 p.m.
17【正确答案】History
【难度等级】通过率94%
18【正确答案】HD3309
【难度等级】通过率98%
19【正确答案】photography
【难度等级】通过率53%
20【正确答案】Tuesday
【难度等级】通过率90%
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
A: Welcome to our program, Anny. Please tell our audience the best things about the experiment in international living.
B: Well, my group was great! And I love my host family.
A: Can you tell us about your group?
B: Well, we were all high school students from the US. But we were very different.
A: You mean from different cities, with different religions and cultures?
B: Yes, and I was existed about that. We learnt that we weren&t really so different.
A: What do you mean?
B: Well, we became such good friends. More than friends, we were like a family.
A: Wonderful. I&d like to know more about your host family.
B: Oh, I loved my host family in Costa Rica. They were my family, too. I felt like I was their daughter.
A: So nice! Did you have any problems speaking with them?
B: No, not really. Actually, I learnt a lot of Spanish from them. And I also learnt that language is not always so important.
A: What do you mean?
B: Well, in some cases, a simple smile can say more than words.
A: Thanks so much, Anny.
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.、
What was special about the Experiment group?
The members were from different cities with different _____21_____ and cultures.
What did the girl learn from the Experiment?
Different people can be _____22_____.
How did the host family treat the girl?
They treated her as _____23_____.
Why did he girl say language is not always important?
Sometimes _____24_____ can say more than words.
21【正确答案】religions
【难度等级】通过率54%
22【正确答案】good friends / more than friends / like a family
【难度等级】通过率79%
23【正确答案】their daughter
【难度等级】通过率83%
24【正确答案】a simple smile
【难度等级】通过率90%
【思路解析】长对话主要考察考生获取话语中的事实信息能力，并能根据听懂并记住的信心进行简单的推断和总结，要求考生对常见的对话的背景知识有一定的了解，也要对语流中发音的细微变化有所了解，不然就不能根据读音拼出正确的单词。
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
25. _____ passion, people won&t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.
&&&& A. For&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. Without&&& &&&& &&&& C. Beneath&&& &&&& &&&& D. By
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】介词
【难度等级】基础，通过率91%
【思路解析】根据句意&如果没有激情，人们不会有创造性思维所必需的动力与快乐&，选without&没有&。
26. Is honesty the best policy? We _____ that it is when we are little.
&&&& A. will teach &&&& &&&& B. teach &&&& &&&& &&&& C. are taught &&&& &&&& D. will be taught
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】动词时态
【难度等级】基础，通过率90%
【思路解析】根据句意&&&在我们年幼的时候就已经知道事实的确如此&，应该是大家都认可的道理，所以用一般现在时，被动。
27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn&t allowed _____ into the sports club,
&&&& A. going &&&& &&&& &&&& B. to go &&&& &&&& &&&& C. go&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. gone
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】动词非谓语
【难度等级】基础，通过率86%
【思路解析】根据句意&因为Jack把会员卡落在家里，所以他无法进入体育俱乐部&，be allowed to do 为固定搭配
28. The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol.
&&&& A. wouldn&t &&&& &&&& B. needn&t&& &&&& &&&& C. won&t &&&& &&&& &&&& D. mustn&t
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】情态动词
【难度等级】基础，通过率89%
【思路解析】根据句意&新法律规定酒后严禁驾车&，must的否定结构表示&严禁&。
29. Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.
&&&& A. managed she&&&& &&&& B. she managed&&&& &&&& C. did she manage& &&&& D. she did manage
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】倒装结构
【难度等级】基础，通过率94%
【思路解析】only所带的表示条件的状语位于句首的时候，用部分倒装。
30. &I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
&&&& &I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a used one.
&&&& A. will have saved &&&& B. will be saving& &&&& C. has saved& &&&& &&&& D. saves
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】动词时态
【难度等级】基础，通过率91%
【思路解析】句中的时间状语be next month常和将来完成时搭配。
31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside.
&&&& A. each& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. every &&&& &&&& &&&& C. other &&&& &&&& &&&& D. another
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】代词
【难度等级】难，通过率63%
【思路解析】一个人的手套只有两只，所以要选表示&两个中的每个&的代词each
32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I&m not going to fly ______ the airlines lower ticket prices.
&&&& A. once& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. if&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& C. after &&&& &&&& &&&& D. unless
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】状语从句
【难度等级】基础，通过率96%
【思路解析】根据句意&这次的旅行预算很紧张，所以我不打算乘飞机，除非航空公司降低票价&，所以选连词unless
33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.
&&&& A. thinking of&&&& &&&& &&&& B. to think of&&&& &&&& &&&& C. thought of &&&& &&&& D. think of
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】动词非谓语
【难度等级】基础，通过率84%
【思路解析】have trouble (in) doing sth. 是一个固定搭配
34. There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.
&&&& A. why&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. which &&&& &&&& &&&& C. that& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. whether
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】名词性从句
【难度等级】基础，通过率93%
【思路解析】kindness is usually served by frankness是the idea的同位语，同时连接词在该从句中不担任任何成分且没有意义，所以选that.
35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?
&&&& A. which &&&& &&&& &&&& B. them& &&&& &&&& &&&& C. that& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. whom
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】定语从句
【难度等级】基础，通过率86%
【思路解析】from ___ you received gifts为the relatives的定语从句，且引导词在从句中做from的宾语，所以选whom.
36. The club, _____ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
&&&& A. founded&&& &&&& &&&& B. founding&& &&&& &&&& C. being founded&& &&&& D. to be founded
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】动词非谓语
【难度等级】基础，通过率89%
【思路解析】非谓语部分在句中作定语，被动，表示&被建立&，所以选A
37. &Was is by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?
&&&& &No, it was by improving work efficiency.
&&&& A. when& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. what& &&&& &&&& &&&& C. how&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. that
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】强调句型
【难度等级】稍难，通过率79%
【思路解析】强调句的句型为it was&that&，12.62%考生选C，没有掌握句子开始的was it&强调句的特点。
38. &We&ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?
&&&& &No, _____ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.
&&&& A. who&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. that& &&&& &&&& &&&& C. what& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. which
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】主语从句
【难度等级】基础，通过率87%
【思路解析】本句____ I am looking for为主语，is 系动词,something much bigger and stronger为表语，所以主语从句中缺宾语，选what
39. &Genius& is a complicated concept, ______ many different factors.
&&&& A. involved&& &&&& &&&& B. involving& &&&& &&&& C. to involve &&&& &&&& D. being involved
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】动词非谓语
【难度等级】基础，通过率88%
【思路解析】非谓语部分在句中担任concept的定语，主动，所以选involving
40. The map is one of the best tools a man has ______ he goes to a new place.
&&&& A. whenever&& &&&& &&&& B. whatever&& &&&& &&&& C. wherever&& &&&& &&&& D. however
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】状语从句
【难度等级】稍难，通过率77%
【思路解析】根据句意&无论什么时候到一个新地方，地图都是一个人拥有的最好的工具之一&，选择whenever.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. maintained
B. serious
C. indications
D. figures
E. anxious
F. concern
H. decided
I. available
J. reversed
Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.
Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made __41__, the nutrition inspector said.
Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight __42__.
&There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a __43__ to us,& he said. &Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.&
He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek __44__ to put calorie counts on all their menus.
A trial scheme（试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and __45__ are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realized the number of calories in a product.
A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is __46__ to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.
Government __47__ suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not __48__, this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at __49__ risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
41【正确答案】I
【难度等级】通过率40%
42【正确答案】G
【难度等级】通过率75%
43【正确答案】F
【难度等级】通过率56%
44【正确答案】H
【难度等级】通过率75%
45【正确答案】C
【难度等级】通过率63%
46【正确答案】E
【难度等级】通过率27%
47【正确答案】D
【难度等级】通过率44%
48【正确答案】J
【难度等级】通过率63%
49【正确答案】B
【难度等级】通过率79%
【思路解析】本题为一个综合型的在篇章中考察词法和句法的题目，如果考生平时没有词性与句子成分的搭配的概念，只凭对句意的判断选词很难作对题目，同时如果平时不注意单词意义的引申记忆也很难作对题目，例如通过率最低的46题，anxious一词很多同学记住的意思为&焦急的&，在本文中be anxious to do 意为&急于做某事&，而很多考生看到了is 就想着后面应该是现在分词或过去分词，所以会做错。
III. Reading Comprehension
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another __50__, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble(绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his __51__; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to __52__ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In __53__ these and other research findings, two themes are __54__: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think __55__ assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. __56__, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be __57__, but had apparently been &lost&. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very __58__ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to __59__ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of __60__ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) __61__ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the &worth& of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone __62__ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for __63__ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be __64__ rather than drunk.
D. college
D. receive
A. challenging
B. recording
C. understanding
D. publishing
A. important
B. possible
C. amusing
D. missing
B. deserve
A. At first
B. Above all
C. In addition
D. For example
A. printed
C. rewritten
A. talented
B. good-looking
C. helpful
D. hard-working
A. send in
B. throw away
C. fill out
D. turn down
A. similarity
B. friendship
C. cooperation
D. contact
A. expensive
D. strange
B. instructions
D. chances
A. shoppers
B. research
C. children
A. talkative
B. handsome
50【正确答案】A
【难度等级】通过率60%
51【正确答案】C
【难度等级】通过率90%
52【正确答案】D
【难度等级】通过率74%
53【正确答案】C
【难度等级】通过率41%
54【正确答案】A
【难度等级】通过率51%
55【正确答案】B
【难度等级】通过率66%
56【正确答案】D
【难度等级】通过率93%
57【正确答案】B
【难度等级】通过率75%
58【正确答案】B
【难度等级】通过率79%
59【正确答案】A
【难度等级】通过率67%
60【正确答案】A
【难度等级】通过率55%
61【正确答案】B
【难度等级】通过率62%
62【正确答案】C
【难度等级】通过率22%
63【正确答案】D
【难度等级】通过率79%
64【正确答案】D
【难度等级】通过率58%
【思路解析】本题主要考察考生根据对上下文的理解选择适当的词，需要借助词汇、句法、社会文化知识等方面去判断哪个是正确答案，对考生的语言基础和灵活运用能力都有较高的要求。很多考生失误主要是指注重空格所在的一句话中的意思，往往在反复考虑中忘了从全文通篇去考虑。
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised &70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.
White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle (车座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.
The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000& kilometers he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.
65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _____.
&&&& A. broke the world record&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. collected money for Oxfam
&&&& C. destroyed several bikes& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. traveled about 1,300 hours
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】基础，通过率87%
【思路解析】根据文章第一段第四句可知Phil White通过骑自行车环游世界，为英国慈善组织募集到了70 000英镑，因为选B.
66. What does the word &epic& in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
&&&& A. Very slow but exciting&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. Very long and difficult
&&&& C. Very smooth but tiring&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. Very lonely and depressing
【正确答案】B
【考查目标】根据上下文正确理解词语
【难度等级】稍难，通过率75%
【思路解析】根据全文可知Phil White的旅行历时299天，全程18 000英里，且遭遇了种种困难，所以是一次&长而艰难的旅行&，选B.
67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _____.
&&&& A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran
&&&& B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold
&&&& C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia
&&&& D. had a team of people who travelled with him
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】基础，通过率85%
【思路解析】根据第三段第六和第七句话可知Phil White在途径澳大利亚南部时，不得不顶风骑车前行了1 000公里，因此选C.
68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?
&&&& A. Imaginative.&&& &&&& B. Patriotic. &&&& C. Modest.&&& &&&& &&&& D. Determined.
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】能归纳文章的主旨大意
【难度等级】稍难，通过率76%
【思路解析】从文中对Phil White的描述中可以看出他是一个很有毅力的人，选D.
A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the &red& Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the &blue& Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbor bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbor cruises(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or City Rail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.
Imagine browsing at Darling Harbor, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.
Sydney Passes are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (有效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.
Sydney Pass Fares
3 day ticket
5 day ticket
7 day ticket
&&&&&&&& *A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.
&&&&&&&& ** A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family。
69. A Sydney pass doesn&t offer unlimited rides on _____.
&&&& A. the Explorer Buses& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& B. the harbor cruises
&&&& C. regular Sydney Buses &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& &&&& D. City Rail services
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】稍难，通过率65%
【思路解析】根据第一段第三句可知&有了一张悉尼通行证你可以乘悉尼的公交车、轮渡或地铁，但地铁仅限于规定的路线&，所以选D.
70. With a Sydney Pass, a traveler can ______.
&&&& A. save fares from and to the airport &&&& &&&& B. take the Sydney Explorer to teaches
&&&& C. enjoy the famous seafood for free &&&& &&&& D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】难，通过率43%
【思路解析】根据第三度最后一句话可知&所有悉尼通行证都包括机场快线往返票，旅客不用再额外付费&，所以选A.
71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?
&&&& A. $225. &&&& &&&& &&&& B. $300. &&&& &&&& &&&& C. $360. &&&& D. $420.
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】难，通过率38%
【思路解析】根据文中的最后两点说明可知，儿童票针对的是4至16岁的孩子，家庭票针对的是来自同一家庭中国的链各个成年人及若干4只6岁的孩子，所以题干中5个人（一位母亲和她的3个孩子，3岁、6岁和10岁，以及母亲的同事），如果需要5日票的话，可以购买一张家庭票和一张成人票，这样的费用是＄420，也可以购买两张成人票和两张儿童票，这样的费用就是＄360.
Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same &fight-or-flight& reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (&fight&), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (&flight&). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called &tend and befriend.& That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (&tend&), and by looking for social contact and support from others&especially other females (&befriend&).
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that &animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.& While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____.
&&&& A. turn to friends for help
&&&& B. solve a conflict calmly
&&&& C. find an escape from reality
&&&& D. seek comfort from children
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】难，通过率57%
【思路解析】根据第二段第四句可知遇到压力时，男性的反应是激烈的言行fight或者消极逃避flight，女性则会照顾孩子tend或者向朋友求助befriend，因此正确答案为C.
73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
&&&& A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
&&&& B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
&&&& C. Both animals and people have high level of oxytocin.
&&&& D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
【正确答案】D
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】稍难，通过率64%
【思路解析】从第三段最后一句可知虽然男性同样分泌催产素，但男性激素会降低它产生的影响，从而可以推断催产素对女性的影响要大于对男性的影响，因此正确选项为D.
74. What can be learned from the passage?
&&&& A. Male hormones help build up the body&s resistance to stress.
&&&& B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
&&&& C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
&&&& D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
【正确答案】C
【考查目标】细节推断能力
【难度等级】稍难，通过率70%
【思路解析】文中UCLA的研究说明男性和女性对压力所作出的不同反应是因为体内催产素含量不同，从而可以推断出正是因为生理的差异才导致了对压力的不同行为反应，所以选C.
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
&&&& A. How men and women get over stress
&&&& B. How men and women suffer from stress
&&&& C. How researchers overcome stress problems
&&&& D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders
【正确答案】A
【考查目标】归纳主旨大意的能力
【难度等级】难，通过率57%
【思路解析】本文主要论述了男性和女性在面对压力时的不同反应，以及造成这一差别的主要生理原因，因此选A.
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each
paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
A. When a child should learn to read
B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading
C. What if a child has reading problems
D. How you prepare a young child for reading
E. What is the best way to teach a child reading
F. Whether reading early promises later achievements
76. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&& Learning to read early has become one of those indicators&in parents' minds at least&that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.
77. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&& Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.
78. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&& Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the &whole language& method and the &phonic& method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a &p& and another a &b&. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.
79. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start &ear training& their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child&s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.
80. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&& Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child&s learning disabilities.
76【正确答案】F
【难度等级】通过率90%
77【正确答案】A
【难度等级】通过率88%
78【正确答案】E
【难度等级】通过率84%
79【正确答案】D
【难度等级】通过率60%
80【正确答案】C
【难度等级】通过率87%
【思路解析】该题型主要考察考生对语篇段落的概括或归纳的能力。这种题型不要求考生认识语篇中的每个词语，只要大概了解每个段落的中心思想即可。
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人)is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.
This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.
Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents& daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)
81. &This pattern of age segregation& refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate&&&& themselves from __________________________________________________________________.
【参考答案】younger children and adult
【考查目标】能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子
【难度等级】稍难，通过率62%
【思路解析】读懂第一段可知第二段第一句中所提到的this pattern of age segregation指的是第一段最后一句所描述的现象，即青少年常常会将自己与成年人和比自己小的小孩子隔离开来。
82. Besides changes in the workplace, ________________________________________are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.
【参考答案】school reform efforts and the changes in population
【考查目标】能归纳段落的大意
【难度等级】较难，通过率68%
【思路解析】造成美国青少年与其他人隔离的原因主要有三个：工作场所的变化、学校教育的改革以及人口的变化。部分考生只能正确地写出一个原因。
83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?
【参考答案】In early adolescence
【考查目标】能理解文章的基本内容
【难度等级】难，通过率48%
【思路解析】根据第三段第四句可知道青少年与成年人的逐渐隔离开始于青春期早期。
84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?
【参考答案】They have less close supervision of parents. / They manage to escape adult supervision. / They are increasingly autonomous.
【考查目标】能理解文章的基本内容
【难度等级】稍难，通过率60%
【思路解析】根据第三段最后两句可知青少年的群体和儿童群体的最大不同之处在于前者可以常常成功地摆脱成年人的监管，从而可以独立自主。
第Ⅱ卷（共45分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play)
【参考答案】She began to play the violin five years ago.
【考查目标】动词搭配，play 和the violin搭配表示&拉小提琴&
【难度等级】基础，通过率84%
【思路解析】play 和the violin搭配表示&拉小提琴&
2. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)
【参考答案】Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
【考查目标】介词词组
【难度等级】稍难，通过率73%
【思路解析】所给的关键词owe用于固定搭配owing to 中，表示&由于&。
3. 每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)
【参考答案】Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.
【考查目标】动词搭配
【难度等级】稍难，通过率67%
【思路解析】动词stand表示&经受&，词组the test of time可表示时间的考验。有学生把&经受&翻译成stand for（代表）。
4. 能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)
【参考答案】It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.
【考查目标】句子结构
【难度等级】难，通过率54%
【思路解析】所给的关键词It首字母大写，应发在句首，真正的主语为whether引导的主语从句。
5. 在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)
【参考答案】At the exhibition, the company&s sales manager demonstrated the new electronic toys(which / that) children were looking forward to.
【考查目标】句子结构和活用
【难度等级】难，通过率51%
【思路解析】动词demonstrate表示&展示&，部分考生它用来表示&翘首以盼&，&翘首以盼&可以用look forward to 来表示，有些考生翻译成expect for
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 & 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
上周一，你在一所小学观摩了小女孩Amy所在班级的两堂绘画课（如图所示），回家后你用英语写了一篇日记，内容包括：
对两堂绘画课的具体描述；
你从中获得的启发。
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