大学过英语三级的复习资料?

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成人英语三级考试重点复习资料(1)
  在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
  由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的&that&从句应用虚拟语气,且均以&should+动词原形&表示这种语气,但事实上&should&常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:
  表示&要求&的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
  表示&提议、劝告、建议&的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
  表示&决定、命令&的:decide, order
  表示&主张&的:maintain,urge
  表示&同意、坚持&的:consent,insist
  例如:
  1.The doctor suggested that he try to lose his weight.
  2.He insisted that we tell him the news.
  3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said,&The razor and water do the job. &
  4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.
  5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.
  在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如:
  order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +&& do
  6.I suggest that we hold a meeting next week.
  7.He insisted that he be sent there.
  但注意:在insist 后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气。
  8.she insists that she is right.
  9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
  或者说,suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
  10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
  判断改错:
  11.You pale face suggests that you be ill.
  12.Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
  13.I insisted that you be wrong.
  14.I insisted that you were wrong.
  例题分析:15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.
  A. were not played   B. not be played
  C. not to play     D. did not play
  全句意思是:&旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机&。句中的谓语动词request所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或&should+动词原形&。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C)not be played.在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。
  练习:
  16)、The chairman requested that .
  the members studied more carefully the problem
  the problem was more carefulnessly studied
  with more carefulness the problem could be studied
  the members study the problem more carefully
  17)、The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .
  would be discussed
  will be discussed
  be discussed
  may be discussed
  18)、The doctor insisted that his patient .
  that he not work too hard for three months
  take it easy for three months
  taking it easy inside of three months
  to take some vacations for three months
  三、在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
  在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用&should+动词原形&,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。
  I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.
  我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。
  练习:
  1)that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,they would be faced by a large army?
  It is believed
  Should they believe
  They would believe
  If they would believe
  2)I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.
  will leave
  may leave
  leaves
  四、would rather ,would sooner,had rather,would as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
  would rather , would sooner, had rather, would as soon,would prefer也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示&宁愿做什么&或对过去做的事的懊悔.
  、I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
  、John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
  、Don' t live in the world,I would rather you die.
  、I would rather you go tomorrow.
  、I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
  、The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
  、To be frank,I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。
  、You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。
  、I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
  、Frankly speaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
  、Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?
  、I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
  注:①若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形
  I would rather stay at home today.
  ②would rather.&&than.&&中用动词原形
  I would rather stay at home than go out today.
  五、&had hoped&后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
  用&had hoped&表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用&would+动词原形&。
  I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜欢留在中国。
  第二节:主语从句中的虚拟语气
  一、&It is +形容词+that&&&结构中的虚拟语气
  在形如&It is +形容词+that&&&结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形
  常用的形容词: natural ,appropriate ,advisable ,preferable ,better necessary ,important ,imperative ,urgent ,essential ,vital probable ,possible desirable advisable,compulsory,crucial,desirable,essential,imperative,incredible,necessary,possible,strange,urgent。
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英语三级复习资料(词汇表、重点词组、必考语法)
一、英语三级词汇表 1
二、英语三级重点词组 69
三、英语三级必考语法 80
一、英语三级词汇表
一,一个,每个; 同类事物中的 任何一个
v. 放弃;抛弃;离弃
abdomen n. 腹(部)
v. 遵守,服从;承受;忍受
n. 能力,本领;才能,技能
能 够 ,会;能干的;聪明的
关于,对于,涉及;在…周围 附近
在…之上 上面 ; 数目、价格等 大于;高于
出国,在国外
adj. 突然的;出其不意的;陡峭的;(举止、言谈等)唐突的;鲁莽的
n. 缺席,不在;缺席的时间,外出期;缺乏,不存在
adj. 缺席的,不在的;缺乏的
adj. 十足的;完全的,绝对的;专制的
vt.吸收,汲取;吸引
abstract adj.抽象的
n.摘要,梗概
vt.提练,取出
absurd adj.愚蠢的;荒唐的
abundant adj.大量的,充足的;丰富的,富裕的
abuse v.辱骂;滥用;虐待
n.辱骂;滥用;虐待
academic adj.院校的;学术的;纯理论的
accelerate v.加速;促进
accent n.重音;口音
v. 承认;接受
access n.进入;通道
n. 故事;意外事件
accidental adj.意外的;偶然的
accommodate v.容纳;向…提供;使适应,顺应
accommodation s
accompany vt.陪同,陪伴;为…伴奏;伴随,和…一起发生
accomplish vt.完成;做…成功
according to
根据…,按照;据…所说,按…所载
account n.账(目,户);叙述,说明
vi.说明,解释(原因等)
accurate adj.准确的,精确的;正确无误的
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第一节 动词的时态  一、一般现在时:  1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作,而主句则用一般将来时态。  例:They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.  2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实,常常用一般现在时态。例:The earth is round. 地球是圆的。  二、一般过去时:区分三个短语的用法:  1、used to do sth:过去常常做某事。  2、be/get used to doing sth:习惯做某事。  3、be used to do sth:被用于做某事。  三、一般将来时:  1、be to+动词原形:表示安排或计划好了的动作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.  2、be about to+动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。例:The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始2016年全国公共英语三级常见语法汇总2016年全国公共英语三级常见语法汇总。  3、一些表示动作趋势,如开始、终结,以及一些表示动作方向,如往来的动词,常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情,这类动词常见的有如:start,go,leave,come,arrive等。例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。  四、进行时态:  重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。  When表示时间上的点,在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时?”,主句多用进行时态;while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”,该从句用进行时态。 例:One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.  I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.  五、现在完成时:  重点区分have (has) been to:某人去过某地,表示一种经历,强调状态,可以和once,twice,often,never,ever连用;  Have (has) gone to:某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,强调动作2016年全国公共英语三级常见语法汇总文章2016年全国公共英语三级常见语法汇总出自,转载请保留此链接!。此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。例:He has gone to America.他已经去了美国。He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。  六、过去完成时:  1、强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时,用过去完成时。  2、It was the first/second/last time that? 在该句型,that从句用过去完成时态。  七、将来完成时:  常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语,主句用将来完成时态。
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第二节 感官动词、使役动词的用法及英语中常考的两个句式结构  一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态:在英语中,常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”(see、watch、look、notice、hear、listen to、feel),在主动语态中用动词原形或现在分词作宾补,如see sb do/doing sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.  二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态:在英语中,常见的使役动词有make、let、have,在主动语态中用动词原形做宾补,如make sb do sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思。例:We were made to study hardy.我们被要求努力学习2016年全国公共英语三级常见语法汇总英语题库。  三、英语中常考的句式结构一:sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主语为物)例:My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。  四、英语中常考的句式结构二:have/get sth done 请/让别人做某事(have/get后接宾语为物)  例:I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped. 五、情态动词的被动语态,其构成为:情态动词+be+过去动词。例:The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。
第三节 情态动词  常见的情态动词有can、may、must、ought to,对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气(该部分的讲解放在虚拟语气)  一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有:  1、Can/may do sth:表示对现在内容的可能性的推测;  2、Must do sth:表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测。  二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型:  1、can/may have done sth:表示对过去内容的可能性;  2、must have done sth:表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。  例:1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.  2、I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
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连词的辨析  *that:可引导同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句、宾语从句等;that在这些从句中无实际含义,也不担任任何成分。  *So+形容词/副词that…such+(冠词或形容词)名词that,表示如此…以至于。  *what:可引导名词性从句,并在从句中担任主语、宾语等。  *wheher…or…/whether or no…是否…,if则无此用法。  *by加表示过去的时间,则主句用过去完成时;加现在,则主句用现在完成时;加将来时间,则主句用将来完成时。  *时间状语,条件状语还有某些让步状语中,不出现将来时,要用现在式表示将来时。  *分辨一下表示因和果的连词,表示转折的连词,容易出选择题。
A、在某些动词或词组后常用现在分词作状语,对前面内容进行补充。  B、还可表示时间状语。有时要用完成形式,表示动作已经在主句动作前先完成。  C、现在分词短语还可作原因状语。  D、有时还可表示伴随情况或方式。  E、注意在一些动词短语中to为介词,后加名词或动名词。
句子结构:  1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否定.  They work hard, don’t they?  2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯定.  You didn't go, did you?  句子类型:一种是反义的附加疑问句,一种是非反义的附加疑问句。  简单来说,就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。  反义疑问句陈述部分用降调,问句部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,问句部分用降调;反之用升调。
1. 省略句的定义  省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下代紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。  2. 小品词的省略  ( 1 )省略介词  He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。  I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。  ( 2 )省略连词 that  I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你们会成功的。  It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。  I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。  注:在宾语从句中,当有两个及以上并列从句时,第一个that可省,以后的均不可省。  ( 3 )省略关系代词  I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。  He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。  3. 句子成分的省略  ( 1 )省略主语  Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。( Beg 前省略了主语 I )  Take care! 当心!( Take 前省略了主语 you )  Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主语 it )  ( 2 )省略谓语  Who next? 该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes )  The river was deep and the ice thin. ( ice 后面省略了 was )  We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。( can 后面省略了动词 do )  ( 3 )省略表语  Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。( am 后面省略了 ready )  He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )  ( 4 )省略宾语  Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes )  ( 5 )省略定语  He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。( the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money )  ( 6 )省略状语  He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了状语 how )
2. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构:  a) 在以 if, when, though, as if (好像)等连词引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是 be ,常将主语和动词 be 省略。  If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。  Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。  While cycling, don ' t forget the traffic lights. 骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。  b) 由固定词组引导的疑问句:  What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样?  How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?  What if it ' s raining? 如果天下雨怎么办?  Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢?  c) 在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号 to 。  He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走,如果他愿意的话。  Don ' t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
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一、语法一致原则  语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。  1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.  注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.  2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.  注意:(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.  3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.  4. either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.  注意:(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.  5. 在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.  6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.  注意:people, police, cattle等
一、 倒装句之全部倒装  全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:  1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run.  There goes the bell.  Then came the chairman.  Here is your letter.  2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。  Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.  Ahead sat an old woman.  注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:Here he comes. Away they went.  二、倒装句之部分倒装  部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。  1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。  Never have I seen such a performance.  Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.  Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.  当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。  注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。  I have never seen such a performance.  The mother didn‘t leave the room until the child fell asleep.  典型例题  1)Why can‘t I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room.  A. is smoking permitted  B. smoking is permitted  C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit  答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.  2)Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.  A. man did know  B. man know  C. didn‘t man know  D. did man know  答案D.  看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为, Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。  三、以否定词开头作部分倒装  如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than  Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.  Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.  典型例题  No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.  A. the game began      B. has the game begun  C. did the game begin    D. had the game begun  答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词
英语三级考试不属于国家级别的统一考试,主要由省级教育部门针对大学专科学生组织,而且允许三级考试合格的学生报考四级英语三级考试时间与国家级四,六级基本相同,也就是每年六月下旬和十二月下旬的周末考两次,三级,四级分别在周六和周日的两个上午考
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