五人足球比赛规则的规则

介绍一下足球的比赛规则(用英语说)。
介绍一下足球的比赛规则(用英语说)。
08-12-30 &
Football is the name given to a number of different, but related, team sports. The most popular of these worldwide (and by far the most popular sport worldwide) is association football, which can be abbreviated soccer. The English language word football is also applied to rugby football (rugby union and rugby league), North American football (American and Canadian), Australian rules football, and Gaelic football. Some of the many different codes of football.While it is widely believed that the word football originated in reference to the action of a foot kicking a ball, there is a rival explanation, which has it that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot.[1] These games were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports often played by aristocrats. While there is no conclusive evidence for this explanation, the word football has always implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has been applied to games which have specifically outlawed kicking the ball. (See football (word) for more details.) All football games involve scoring with a spherical or prolate spheroid ball (itself called a football), by moving the ball into, onto, or over a goal area or line defended by the opposing team. Many of the modern games have their origins in England, but many peoples around the world have played games which involved kicking and/or carrying a ball since ancient times. The object of all football games is to advance the ball by kicking, running with, or passing and catching, either to the opponent's end of the field where points or goals can be scored by, depending on the game, putting the ball across the goal line between posts and under a crossbar, putting the ball between upright posts (and possibly over a crossbar), or advancing the ball across the opponent's goal line while maintaining possession of the ball. In all football games, the winning team is the one that has the most points or goals when a specified length of time has elapsed. History For the history of only Association Football, see History of football (soccer) Throughout the history of mankind the urge to kick at stones and other such objects is thought to have led to many early activities involving kicking and/or running with a ball. Football-like games predate recorded history in all parts of the world, and thus the earliest forms of football are not known. Ancient games Documented evidence of what is possibly the oldest organized activity resembling football can be found in a Chinese military manual written during the Han Dynasty in about 2nd century BC. It describes a practice known as cuju (Traditional Chinese: 蹴鞠; Simplified Chinese: 蹴踘; Pinyin: cù jū) which involved kicking a leather ball through a hole in a piece of silk cloth strung between two 30 foot poles. Another Asian ball-kicking game, which may have been influenced by cuju, is kemari. This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several individuals stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game survived through many years but appears to have died out sometime before the mid 19th century. In 1903 in a bid to restore ancient traditions the game was revived and it can now be seen played for the benefit of tourists at a number of festivals. Mesoamerican ballgames played with rubber balls are also well-documented as existing since before this time, and are thought to have resembled football in th but since later versions have more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football. The Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman writer Cicero describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barbers shop. The Roman game of Harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a team game known as &επισκυρο?& (episkyros) or pheninda that is mentioned by Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388-311BC) and later referred to by Clement of Alexandria. The game appears to have vaguely resembled rugby. There are a number of less well-documented references to prehistoric, ancient or traditional ball games, played by indigenous peoples all around the world. For example, William Strachey of the Jamestown settlement is the first to record a game played by the Native Americans called Pahsaheman, in 1610. In Victoria, Australia, Indigenous Australians played a game called Marn Grook. An 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as saying, in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: &Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it.& It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the development of Australian rules football (see below). In northern Canada and/or Alaska, the Inuit (Eskimos) played a game on ice called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal. These games and others may well go far back into antiquity and have influenced football over the centuries. However, the route towards the development of modern football games appears to lie in Western Europe and particularly England.
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Football is the name given to a number of different, but related, team sports. The most popular of these worldwide (and by far the most popular sport worldwide) is association football, which can be abbreviated soccer. The English language word football is also applied to rugby football (rugby union and rugby league), North American football (American and Canadian), Australian rules football, and Gaelic football. Some of the many different codes of football.While it is widely believed that the word football originated in reference to the action of a foot kicking a ball, there is a rival explanation, which has it that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot.[1] These games were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports often played by aristocrats. While there is no conclusive evidence for this explanation, the word football has always implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has been applied to games which have specifically outlawed kicking the ball. (See football (word) for more details.) All football games involve scoring with a spherical or prolate spheroid ball (itself called a football), by moving the ball into, onto, or over a goal area or line defended by the opposing team. Many of the modern games have their origins in England, but many peoples around the world have played games which involved kicking and/or carrying a ball since ancient times. The object of all football games is to advance the ball by kicking, running with, or passing and catching, either to the opponent&#39;s end of the field where points or goals can be scored by, depending on the game, putting the ball across the goal line between posts and under a crossbar, putting the ball between upright posts (and possibly over a crossbar), or advancing the ball across the opponent&#39;s goal line while maintaining possession of the ball. In all football games, the winning team is the one that has the most points or goals when a specified length of time has elapsed. History For the history of only Association Football, see History of football (soccer) Throughout the history of mankind the urge to kick at stones and other such objects is thought to have led to many early activities involving kicking and/or running with a ball. Football-like games predate recorded history in all parts of the world, and thus the earliest forms of football are not known. Ancient games Documented evidence of what is possibly the oldest organized activity resembling football can be found in a Chinese military manual written during the Han Dynasty in about 2nd century BC. It describes a practice known as cuju (Traditional Chinese: 蹴鞠; Simplified Chinese: 蹴踘; Pinyin: cù jū) which involved kicking a leather ball through a hole in a piece of silk cloth strung between two 30 foot poles. Another Asian ball-kicking game, which may have been influenced by cuju, is kemari. This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several individuals stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game survived through many years but appears to have died out sometime before the mid 19th century. In 1903 in a bid to restore ancient traditions the game was revived and it can now be seen played for the benefit of tourists at a number of festivals. Mesoamerican ballgames played with rubber balls are also well-documented as existing since before this time, and are thought to have resembled football in th but since later versions have more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football. The Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman writer Cicero describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barbers shop. The Roman game of Harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a team game known as &επισκυρο?& (episkyros) or pheninda that is mentioned by Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388-311BC) and later referred to by Clement of Alexandria. The game appears to have vaguely resembled rugby. There are a number of less well-documented references to prehistoric, ancient or traditional ball games, played by indigenous peoples all around the world. For example, William Strachey of the Jamestown settlement is the first to record a game played by the Native Americans called Pahsaheman, in 1610. In Victoria, Australia, Indigenous Australians played a game called Marn Grook. An 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as saying, in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: &Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it.& It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the development of Australian rules football (see below). In northern Canada and/or Alaska, the Inuit (Eskimos) played a game on ice called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team&#39;s line and then at a goal. These games and others may well go far back into antiquity and have influenced football over the centuries. However, the route towards the development of modern football games appears to lie in Western Europe and particularly England
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简明汉英词典 比赛规则 &#160;[bǐsàiguīzé]game &#160;
&#160;Google 网络词典 比赛规则 &#160; 隐藏摘要 &#160; competition rules 【摘要】 competition rules 比赛规则 close watch 紧盯人战术) protest 对不公平裁判的抗议 offside 越位 first(second )half 上(下) 半场 overhead throw 过顶掷球 ...
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compitition rules 【摘要】 世界杯英语之足球场上的常用语. elimination match ,knock-out 淘汰赛. cross (short, flank)pass 横(短边). compitition rules 比赛规则. close watch 紧钉(人战术) ...
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MATCH RULES 【摘要】 MATCH RULES 比赛规则 GAMEPLAY SETTING 游戏设定 SOUND SETTING 声音设置 SAVE/LOAD OPTIONS 记录/载入设置 CREDITS 字幕 EXIT 退出 规则介绍 ...
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competition regulations 【摘要】 competition regulations 比赛规则 disqualification 取消比赛资格 sportsmanship 运动员风格,道德 opening ceremony 开幕式 semi-final 半决赛 first round 第一轮 ...
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你可能喜欢足球比赛规则
义项指多义词的不同概念,如的义项:网球运动员、歌手等;的义项:冯小刚执导电影、江苏卫视交友节目等。
足球比赛规则,是比赛进行所必须遵守的规则。足球比赛规则由国际足球协会理事会(FIFA)制定并修改,最新的足球比赛规则是日修订,于日生效,共分为17个部分。
制定机构 FIFA
服务比赛项目 足球
最新版本时间 日
场地可为真草球场或人造草球场,但人造草场地颜色必须为。比赛场地应为并带有标记线,所有标记线为同一尺寸,且不得超过12厘米宽,所有标记线所占据空间为比赛场地内部。两条较长边界线称作,两条较短边界线称作。比赛场地由分为两个等面积部分,中线为两边线中点连线。赛场中心点为中线中点,以中心点为圆心,中点周围围绕着为9.15米的环线。场地为长方形,边线长90米至120米,底线长45米至90米,边线必须长于底线。国际A级足球比赛场地为长100米至110米,宽64米至75的长方形。
足球比赛由两队进行,除后备球员外,每队最多同时有11名参赛,其中必须有一名。每队最少球员数量为7人。全部球员中只有守门员可以在比赛中于本方内用手及上肢接触足球。
球员至少应佩戴如下装备:、、、与。其中上衣必须有,两队球员应穿着可互相区分并可与区分的球衣,而且守门员上衣必须与包括比赛官员内的所有人员上衣明显不同以便区分。如果穿着,其颜色应与其外部衣物颜色相同,守门员可以穿着进行比赛。护腿板必须全部被球袜包裹,其材料可为、或类似材料,并可提供适当的保护。
禁止使用“任何可能伤害他人或自己的装备(包括任何种类的)”。比赛规则并没有要求鞋必须为足球鞋。护腿板必须全部被球袜包裹,其材料可为、或类似材料,并可提供适当的保护。
一场比赛由一名指定的主裁判进行控制,他拥有为维护该场比赛符合足球比赛规则所需的一切权力。主裁判关于比赛的判罚(包括是否进球和比赛结果),都是最终判罚。主裁判只有在自己意识到判罚错误,或经助理裁判(或第四官员)提醒自主判断后,在未恢复比赛或未结束比赛时,才可以对判罚做出修改。坠球又称之为“抛球”。是足球裁判员为恢复比赛采用的一种方法。
除得到裁判及两队同意外,比赛持续时间为两个等长的半场,每半场为45分钟。任何更改比赛持续时间的协议应在比赛之前确定,并不得与赛会规则相冲突。,休息时间不得超过15分钟。因换人、评估伤员、处置伤员及其他是由损失的比赛时间将进行补时,补时时间由裁判把握。如在任一半场结束时发生或重罚点球,则比赛持续至点球罚球结束。
比赛开始前将进行,掷硬币获胜一方可挑选上半场进攻的,另一方获得上半时权,下半场时开球前互换攻守方向,并由上半场时掷硬币获胜一方开球。开球为比赛开始与比赛重新开球后、下半场时比赛开始、加时各阶段开始。开球时进球有效。开球顺序如下:双方球员必须在自己防守方向半场,非开球方球员距离足球至少9.15米,开球时球必须静止于球场中心点,开球前必须得到主裁判信号,向前开球后比赛开始,开球球员在其他球员触及足球之前不得二次触及足球。在进球后开球时,开球方为失球一方。是当比赛进行中,由裁判因比赛规则中未涉及原因停止比赛后重新开始比赛的方式。
活球与定位球
当球整体越过端线或边线时,或比赛由裁判中止时,为。除定位球外其他时间球为,包括球与球门柱、球门梁、角旗反弹后落回场地的情况,及球与球场内主裁判或助理裁判反弹的情况。
在没有违反任何比赛规则时,球整体低于球门横梁越过两球门柱间端线,进攻球队。比赛结束时得分多的球队获胜,如果两队得分相同或均未得分,比赛为。
如果球员处于“较第二接近对方端线的对方球员及球更接近对方端线的位置”时,他处于位置。处在越位位置上并不犯规。以下情况球员不处于越位位置:球员处于己方半场;球员与第二接近对方端线的对方球员处于同一端线平行线上;球员与最后两名对方球员处于同一端线平行线上。处于越位位置的球员只有在己方触球或持球并且裁判认为越位位置球员有以下行为时才会被判处越位犯规:影响了比赛;影响了对方球员;试图从越位位置上获得利益。从以下情况下接球不构成越位:;;;反越位。
每场比赛由一名裁判员控制,他被任命具有全部权力去执行与比赛有关的竞赛规则。
裁判员:·执行竞赛规则;·与助理裁判员及当有第四官员时,和他们一起控制比赛;·确保任何比赛用球符合规则第二章的要求;·确保队员装备符合规则第四章的要求;·记录比赛时间和比赛成绩;·因违反规则停止、推迟或终止比赛;·因外界干扰停止、推迟或终止比赛;·如果他认为队员受伤严重,则停止比赛,并确保将其移出比赛场地;·如果他认为队员只受轻伤,则允许比赛继续进行直到成死球;·确保队员因受伤流血时离开比赛场地。该队员经护理流血停止,在得到裁判员信号后方可重回场地;·当一个队被犯规而根据“有利”条款能获利时,则允许比赛继续进行。如果预期的“有利”在那一时刻没有接着发生,则判罚最初的犯规;·当队员同时出现一种以上的犯规时,则对较严重的犯规进行处罚;·裁判员不必立即向可以被警告和罚令出场的队员进行处罚,但当比赛成死球时必须这样做;·向对自己行为不负责任的球队官员进行处分,并可酌情将其驱逐出比赛场地及其周围地区;·对于自己未看到的情况,可根据助理裁判员的意见进行判罚;·确保未经批准的人员不得进入比赛场地;·比赛停止后重新开始比赛;·将在赛前、赛中或赛后向队员和球队官员进行的纪律处分,及其他事件的情况用比赛报告提交有关部门。裁判员根据与比赛相关的事实所作出的决定是最终的。只有在比赛未重新开始前,裁判员可以根据自己的判断或助理裁判员的意见而改变确实不正确的决定。
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{{if list && list.length}}足球比赛规则:越位_赛事规则_体育教学_体育频道_中国青年网
足球比赛规则:越位
核心提示:
越位是始创于1874年的足球运动规则。它对进攻方向前传球时接球运动员允许站到的位置作出严格限制。在足球比赛中,当进攻队员在对方半场(在接球队员比球更接近对方球门线前提下)接本队队员传球的一瞬间少于两个对方球员更接近于对方自己防守的球门线者时(包括门将),即为处于越位位置。即 在传球起脚的瞬间,进攻方球员比倒数第二名防守球员距离球门更近,同时比球距离球门更近,并试图借此位置进球或干扰比赛,就会被判罚越位。另外需要注意的是,角球和界外球并不算传球
越位是始创于1874年的足球运动规则。它对进攻方向前传球时接球运动员允许站到的位置作出严格限制。在足球比赛中,当进攻队员在对方半场(在接球队员比球更接近对方球门线前提下)接本队队员传球的一瞬间少于两个对方球员更接近于对方自己防守的球门线者时(包括门将),即为处于越位位置。即 在传球起脚的瞬间,进攻方球员比倒数第二名防守球员距离球门更近,同时比球距离球门更近,并试图借此位置进球或干扰比赛,就会被判罚越位。另外需要注意的是,角球和界外球并不算传球
进攻球员在传球时那一刻,在进攻半场(我方防守半场的另一半场)有我进攻方球员且有参与进攻意识,看看他们点构成的平行于底线的线是否比倒数第二个防守球员更靠 越位图解 近底线(倒数第二个防守人员平行于底线的线为越位线,越位线到底线甚至出了底线为越位区,越位线最多到中线)或者进攻方传球者在越位区域若传球只能传给不比自己更靠近底线的我方球员,否则均视为越位犯规! 越位,顾名思义就是越过球的位置的意思。用足球规则的术语来说就是:队员比球更接近于对方球门线者,即处于越位位置。换句话说,当队员踢或顶球时,同队接球队员在对方半场内所站的位置是在球的前面,并且他与对方球门线之间,对方队员不足两名(只有一名对方球员或没有)时,就是越位了。 越位是足球规则中很重要的一条规则,也是较复杂的规则。从定义来讲一般球迷基本上都能理解它的精神实质。
越位情形:
1.如果同队队员回传球或平行传球时(即球与接球人平行,距对方球门线相等),接球人不算越位,因为他并未在球前面,仅与球平行。
2.判罚越位的关键,不是在队员接球时而是在同队队员传球时即同队队员踢球或顶球的一刹那。当传球时,接球队员如果不处在越位位置,而是在踢出的球在空中或在接球时跑到越位位置,不得判罚越位。相反,虽然队员在同队队员传球时处于越位位置,然后又跑回非越位位置接球,则应判罚越位。在对方队员踢球时,同队队员停球或带球时,无论哪方的队员,无论在何位置,均无越位犯规可言。因为判定越位是指同队队员传球时的一刹那,这是判定越位的主旨和关键所在。
3.如果守方队员故意退出场外造成攻方队员越位属非体育的行为,裁判员不但不判攻队队员越位,反而应在成死球时给守方队员予以警告。
4.国际足联最新规则规定:队员所站的位置与对方倒数第二名防守队员平行(包括守门员),不算越位。
5.队员如处于越位的位置,如果裁判员认为该队员没有影响比赛,没有阻碍对方的,或没有从所处的越位位置获得有利条件,不应判罚。
6.最后触球或踢球为对方队员者,不算越位。这一规定系指队员虽然处越位地位,但触球或踢球给他的不是同队队员而是对方队员。但如果是对方队员没有控球权时的触球将球交到队员脚下,则有越位犯规,此时判断越位的依据仍为最后触球的同队队员出球的一刹那。拥有控球权与否由裁判掌握。
7.队员进攻时,由于前冲使身体越过了球门线(跑入网内),裁判员应看该队员是否影响了守门员来决定是否判罚越位。
8.如果进攻时有两名或多名进攻球员直接面对门将,所有防守球员皆被甩在身后,此时如果进攻球员传球,判断越位与否应以传球一瞬间,接球队员与球的位置对比为依据:如果球与接球队员平行或在接球队员前面,则不越位;如果球在接球队员身后,则越位。
9.越位规则,即队员较球和最后第二名对方队员更接近于对方球门线。可以依据第8条理解:守方少于两名球员时,在攻方传球的一瞬间,如果球与攻方接球队员平行或在接球队员前面,则不越位;如果球在攻防接球队员身后,则越位。
足球竞赛规则
越位位置:队员处于越位位置本身并不是犯规。队员处于越位位置:队员较球和最后第二名对方队员更接近于对方球门线。 队员不处于越位位置:他在本方半场内;他齐平于最后第二名对方队员;他齐平于最后两名对方队员。 犯规:处于越位位置的队员,在同队队员踢或触及球的一瞬间,裁判员认为其就下列情况&卷入&了现实比赛是进攻方获利时,才被判为越位犯规:干扰比赛;干扰对方队员;利用越位位置获得利益。 没有犯规:如果队员直接从下列情况接到球,则没有越位犯规:球门球;掷界外球;角球。 违规/判罚:对于任何越位犯规,裁判员应判给对方在犯规发生地点踢间接任意球。
国际足球理事会的有关决议
决议1 在越位的定义中,&接近对方球门线&的意思是指头、躯干和脚的任何部分比球和对方最后第二名队员更接近球门线。手臂不包含在内。 原因:足球比赛是用头、躯干和脚来完成的,如果它们更接近对方球门线,就很可能获得利益。而如果仅手臂在前是不能获利的。
决议2 &卷入&现实比赛解释如下:
1、干扰比赛是指参与传递或触到队友传来或触到的球。
2、干扰对方是指通过明显的阻挡对方视线或移动或做出裁判员认为有可能欺骗或干扰对方队员的姿势或移动,以达到阻止对方争抢球或可能争抢球。
3、在越位位置获得利益是指在越位位置接到从球门横梁或立柱反弹回来的球或在越位位置接到从对方队员身上反弹回来的球。
&这些解释在2003年9月国际足球理事会年会修改后已经试用了两个多赛季,国际足球理事会的这个决议是对《足球竞赛规则》更进一步的解释。
左边的蓝方前锋正处于越位位置因为他相比球和站一球员是不是在越位位置上由两个条件决定即球的位置及对方站在最后第二位的球员位置。当球员所在的位置比&球和站在最后第二位的对方球员更靠近对方底线&就处于越位位置。但若此球员处于本方半场内则不受此限制。如果球员和第二名对方球员平行亦不算越位。
2005年版的足球规则Laws of the Game包含了国际足球协会理事会的一项新决策其规定&他的头部身体或是脚的任何部分均比球和对方站在最后第二位的球员更靠近对方的底线。手臂则不在定义的范围之内。&也就是说一名球员处在越位位置的定义是该球员身体不包括手臂的任何部位比对方站在最后第二位的球员的身体不包括手臂的任何部位和比球的任何部位都更靠近对方的底线时即处于越位位置。
国际足球协会理事会年度足球规则中明确指出一个暂时离开场地的球员将被认为是站在他之前走出边线的那一点上。注意站在最后的两名对方球员可以是守门员和另一名场上队员或两名场上队员。带球或者是站在球后的进攻球员不处于越位位置也不会越位违例。需要强调的是越位位置在球被队友碰到或者开出的时刻决定若球在对方队员操控中本方球员不算越位即使此球员在越位位置上。单是处于越位状态本身并没有违例。另外球员处于越位位置这种状态跟双方队员正在向前还是向后奔跑是无关的。而任何球员的越位状态在对方球员接触到球之后都会消失具体的裁决由裁判员决定。
球员处于越位位置且在球被队友接触到或者拿到的时候他被裁判员认定为涉入进行中的比赛才会构成越位违例。所谓涉入进行中的比赛指影响比赛、影响对方球员以及通过处于该位置获益。 如果球员是通过界外球、球门球或者角球接到的球不属于越位违例。 球员是否&涉入进行中的比赛&而构成越位违例不容易认定。2003年FIFA颁布了越位规则的新解释并在2005年7月并入规 则。 则第11条。这些条文旨在更清晰地定义以下三种情形
影响比赛:指碰到或接到队友传过来或被队友碰过的球。
影响对方队员:指以阻挡对方队员的视线或移动路线来阻止他得球或运球。或者作出了被裁判员认定为欺骗或干扰对方队员的手势或动作。
从越位位置获益:指已经处于越位位置而获得从门框门柱或门楣或对方队员身上反弹而来的球。 另外当比赛运作中而非停顿时防守一方有球员自行走出底线以外即使他是因伤躺卧在场外仍会被视为参与球赛除非裁判已示意确认该名球员离场疗伤他才算暂时没有参与球赛以防有人利用装受伤来令进攻一方突然越位违例。2008年欧洲足球锦标赛荷兰对意大利的赛事中正因意大利有球员在底线外令荷兰云尼斯杜莱的进球被判有效。 实践中如果裁判认定处于越位状态的球员能够拿到球的话该球员可能在拿到或者碰到球之前就被吹罚。 时至今日裁判对新定义的解释仍然被认为颇有争议。尤其是一名处于越位位置的队员应如何行动才不会被指&影响对方队员&仍未有定论。 4裁判判罚编辑 判罚 对越位违例的判罚是给对方球队一个间接任意球,罚球点在违例发生的地方。如果防守方已经从中获益或者得到了球,许多裁判员运用其自由裁量权允许比赛继续,以免比赛的节奏由于太多任意球而放慢,同时也能达到防守方同样的获益。 执行 为了执行这条规则,裁判员很大程度上必须依靠边裁判,他们一般一直保持在各方第二名后卫的同一条线上(具体的走位技术比较复杂)。
越位判断法:
1.传球一瞬间,疑似越位球员比倒数第二名防守球员(包括门将)距离球门更近;
2.传球一瞬间,疑似越位球员比球距离球门更近;
3.疑似越位球员参与了本次进攻(此项由裁判把握)。 同时满足以上三个条件,就是越位。 边裁判判定越位的任务可以非常困难。因为他们需要同时追踪攻方和守方,当球被拿到的时候(常常会在球场的另一端)决定哪个球员处于越位位置,然后决定处于越位位置的队员是否实际参与比赛。当攻方球员及守方队员与边裁判的距离有很大差异,边裁判又不是正好站在防守队员的同一条线上的时候,由于透视收缩效应,错误判决的机会大大增加。观众常常会低估判决越位的难度。要决定一名球员是不是在球踢出的那一刻跟对手处在同一条线上是不容易的:如果攻守双方向相反的方向奔跑,他们可以在十分之一秒内跑两米的距离。
造越位反越位
越位陷阱是一种防守策略。当攻方球员向前奔跑准备接住队友的球,防守方会向前场移动,在皮球被踢中之前使攻方球员落在后面,这样当球踢出的时候他就处于越位位置。利用这个策略的防守方常常会试图将攻方的越位状态通过大叫或者举起手臂的方式提醒边裁判。 对此策略的运用常常被嘲弄,说它让足球变得沉闷。然而,它也是一种有风险的策略,因为所有的防守方球员都要一齐向前移动,否则进攻方球员就不会处于越位位置;而如果越位陷阱失败,进攻队员就很可能获得单刀直入的机会,2003年的新规则使这策略变得更危险。 采用本策略的著名防守方有纽卡斯尔联的比利&麦克拉肯。据说他的战绩迫使官方规则在1925年进行了修改,将攻击方和球门线之间的防守队员数目从三个减少到两个。 越位陷阱在2003年的规则解释中变得风险更大,因为对于实际参与比赛的定义更严格。这样,试图制造越位陷阱的球队依然可以使对方队员处于越位位置,却不一定能让他实际参与比赛,也就不会触发违例而被判罚。 但是,足球比赛的形势错综复杂千变万化,场上队员不断地跑动,像有矛就有盾一样,有了造越位战术,也有反越位战术。越位的情况是多种多样的,越位是攻方的大&忌&,一个个极有威胁的攻势常常丧失在&越位&身上。守方也常用造越位战术瓦解对方强大的攻势,不费什么力气便可将球&抢&到而由本方踢间接任意球。
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