Do you have it The never before seen ancient virus that lives in the gut of HALF the worlds population | Daily Mail Online
Do you have it? Scientists discover ancient virus that lives in the gut of HALF the world’s population
crAssphage infects one of the most common gut bacteria, BacteroidetesConnected with obesity, diabetes and other gut-related diseasesCould lead to new personalised medicines for weight loss By
20:25 BST, 25 July 2014
21:56 BST, 27 July 2014
A previously unknown virus linked to obesity and diabetes has been discovered - and researchers say it lives in the gut of more than half the world's population.Called crAssphage, it infects one of the most common types of gut bacteria, Bacteroidetes. The researchers first noticed the virus in a computer simulation - then found it was present in more than half the people they tested.Scroll down for video
Called crAssphage, it infects one of the most common types of gut bacteria, Bacteroidetes (pictured)
The virus is as old as humans, it is believed. The researchers first noticed the virus in a computer simulation - then found it was present in more than half the people they tested
HOW THEY FOUND ITThe researchers were using results from previous studies on gut-inhabiting viruses to screen for new viruses.In the DNA fecal samples from 12 different individuals, they noticed a particular cluster of viral DNA, about 97,000 base pairs long, that the samples all had in common. When Edwards and his colleagues checked this discovery against a comprehensive listing of known viruses, they failed to find a match.The researchers then screened for the virus across the database of the National Institute of Health’s Human Microbiome Project (HMP), and Argonne National Laboratory's MG-RAST database, and again found it in abundance in samples derived from human feces.
The research appears today in Nature Communications, after Robert
Edwards, a bioinformatics professor at San Diego State University stumbled upon the discovery by accident. The researchers were using results from previous studies on gut-inhabiting viruses to screen for new viruses.
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In the DNA fecal samples from 12 different individuals, they noticed a particular cluster of viral DNA, about 97,000 base pairs long, that the samples all had in common. When Edwards and his colleagues checked this discovery against a comprehensive listing of known viruses, they failed to find a match.The researchers then screened for the virus across the database of the National Institute of Health’s Human Microbiome Project (HMP), and Argonne National Laboratory's MG-RAST database, and again found it in abundance in samples derived from human feces.To prove that the viral DNA they discovered in their computer data actually exists in nature, fellow SDSU virologist John Mokili used a technique known as DNA amplification to locate the virus in the original samples used to build NIH’s database.'So we have a biological proof that the virus they found with the computer actually exists in the samples,' Mokili said.This was a new virus that about half the sampled people had in their bodies that nobody knew about.'It’s not unusual to go looking for a novel virus and find one,” Edwards said. 'But it’s very unusual to find one that so many people have in common. 'The fact that it’s flown under the radar for so long is very strange.'
The discovery could lead to a new understanding of obesity
The fact that it’s so widespread indicates that it probably isn’t a particularly young virus, either.'We’ve basically found it in every population we’ve looked at,' Edwards said. 'As far as we can tell, it’s as old as humans are.'He and his team named the virus crAssphage, after the cross-assembly software program used to discover it.Bacteriodetes bacteria live toward the end of the intestinal tract, and they are suspected to play a major role in the link between gut bacteria and obesity. What role crAssphage plays in this process will be a target of future research.Further details about crAssphage have been difficult to come by. It’s unknown how the virus is transmitted, but the fact that it was not found in very young infants’ fecal samples suggests that it is not passed along maternally, but acquired during childhood. The makeup of the viral DNA suggests that it’s circular in structure. Further laboratory work has confirmed that the viral DNA is a singular entity, but it’s proven difficult to isolate.'We know it’s there, but we can’t capture it quite yet,' Edwards said.Once the virus is isolated, he hopes to delve into its role in obesity.The virus might also be used to prevent or mitigate other diseases affected by the gut such as diabetes and gastroenterological maladies.Once these processes are better understood, Edwards envisions one day the possibility of personalized medicine based on this virus.'This could be a key to personalized phage medicine,' he said. 'In individuals, we could isolate your particular strain of the virus, manipulate it to target harmful bacteria, then give it back to you.'
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Next storyDo you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. 1 The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Sha 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
成绩波动大？难提高？听顶级名师视频辅导，
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Do you know Australia? Australia is thelargest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in thesouth of the earth. &1 The population of Australia is nearly aslarge as that of Shanghai.& 2&The cities in Australia have gotlittle air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers.Plants grow very well.Last month we visited Perth, the biggestcity in western Australia, and went to a wild flowers’ exhibition&3&We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wildflowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers’ exhibition.After visiting Perth, we spent the day inthe countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill.It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at thetop of the hill. 4 &There were about three hundred sheep comingtowards us down the path. &5 &After a short drive from anytown, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep,everywhere are sheep.
A．The government has made enough laws to fight pollution.
B．Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.
C．Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos.
D．Australia is big, but its population is not large.
E. What we saw made us pick up all ourthings and run back to the car as quickly as we could.F. There we saw a large number of wildflowers we had never seen before.G. The people of Australia are very hardworking.&
【答案】&.D&&&&&&&&&&&&.A&.F&.E&&C【解析】 略&
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科目：高中英语
来源：2013届福建省高二12月月考英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
You may know the English letters A, B and C. But doyou know there are people called ABC? You may like eating bananas. But did youknow there is a “banana person”? How strange! Are these people from “anotherEarth”? No. They are just Chinese people like you and me. ABC means American-Born Chinese. An ABC is a Chinese,but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people call an ABC a “bananaperson”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So, when a person is abanana, he or she is white inside—thinking like a Westerner and yellowoutside—looking like a Chinese. Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about Chinaor the Chinese language. Some of them don’t speak Chinese. But if ABCs cannot speak Chinese, can we still callthem Chinese people? Yes, of course. They are Chinese. They are overseas&Chinese. These people may be citizens of another country like the US, Canada orSingapore. But they have Chinese blood. Their parents, grandparents or evengreat-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair. But they are not Chinese citizens. They are not thepeople of the People’s Republic of China. For example, we all know the famousscientist& C.N. Yang(杨振宁). He got the NobelPrize for Physics in 1957. The Chinese love him, but he is an American citizen.1.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A．He wants totell us something about “ABC”.B．He wants toshow that Chinese are well respected in America. C．He wants totell us some knowledge about the English language.D．He wants tointroduce the American culture to us.2.Chinese in Western countries are called “bananapersons” because ____.A．their bodiesare white inside but yellow outsideB．they thinklike Westerners but look like ChineseC．they wereborn in China but go to study in AmericaD．they like toeat bananas3.C.N. Yang is mentioned here to show that ____.A. American Chinese aregreat&&&&&&B. we love American Chinese C. The Chinese can win Nobel PrizesD. American Chinese are not Chinese citizens4.Which is NOT true?A. ABCs are Chinese people.B. ABCs are all “banana persons”.C. If you go to America or another country one day,you’ll really become an ABC.D. ABCs know our country very little.5.What does the underlined word in the passage mean?A．People whoborn and live or work in other countries.B．People wholove other countries.C．People whoknow other countries very much.D．People whocan speak other countries’languages.&
科目：高中英语
来源：2014届河北省高一4月月考英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
If you want to keep healthy, you shouldhave good habits. What is a habit? It is something we do very often. We don’teven think when we do it. It has become a part of our lives.“Early to bed, early to rise makes a manhealthy, wealthy and wise.” This is an old English saying. Do you know what itmeans? It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in themorning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever.Is this true? Perhaps it is. We know thebody must have enough sleep. Boys and girls need eight or nine hours’ sleepevery day.Some people go to bed late at night and getup late in the morning. This is a very bad habit. Then you will not think or doyour work well. Of course, you can’t be healthy, wealthy or wise.When we get up early in the morning, we cango out and do morning exercises. Exercise means doing things with the body.Walking, running jumping, swimming, and playing ball games are all exercise. Ifwe don’t exercise, our body will become weak.Exercise helps the blood (血液) to move around inside ourbody. Blood takes food to all parts of our body.Our body also needs air to breathe. Withoutair, we will die. We must have lots of clean fresh air if we want to behealthy. That is why many people like to go out to do morning exercise.1.From the passage we know that it is goodfor our health to ____ .
A．eat a lot
B．go to bed early
C．get up late
D．go to bed late
2.How long should young boys and girls needto sleep a day?
A．More than ten hours
B．Over eleven hours.
C．Less than seven hours.
D．Eight hours or so.
3.If we want to keep healthy, we must ____.
A．eat more food
B．sleep more
C．get up late
D．take enough exercise
4.Which of the following habits is NOTGOOD?
A．Don’t go to bed until twelve o’clock..
B．Take a walk after supper.
C．Run in the open air early in the morning.
D．Climb hills for half an hour early in the morning.
科目：高中英语
来源：2013届江苏省宿迁市四校高二下学期5月联考英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
Do you know soon eleven biggest food anddrink companies of the nations will adopt new rules to limit advertising tochildren under the age of 12, a move that restricts ads for products such asMcDonald’s Happy Meals and the use of popular cartoon characters.The companies announced their new rulesahead of a Federal Trade Commission hearing on Wednesday that steps up pressureon the companies to help solve the growing child obesity problem through moreresponsible marketing. The self-given rules include promises by seven companieswho will no longer use licensed characters, such as those made popular throughmovies or TV shows, to advertise online or in print media unless they’repromoting their healthier products. Four other companies said they do notadvertise at all to children under 12. “I think this is a very good step forward.It’s not the end of the journey but it’s a good way down the road,” said MargoWootan, Nutrition Policy Director at the nonprofit Center for Science in thePublic Interest.Since the FTC first publicly raised theissue in 2005, many of the companies have started selling products with betternutrition in mind. The companies hope their self-regulation efforts — organizedthrough the Council of Better Business Bureaus — will fend off any newand more strict federal regulation.Parents are happy to see new rules thatrestrict the use of cartoon characters such as Shrek, Dora the Explorer andSpongeBob SquarePants. “It catches their eyes when you’re shopping,” saidJosephine Thomas, a mother of three boys who lives in Manhattan. “As soon asthey see a Shrek or Mickey Mouse, they automatically look at that and theydon’t see what they really need. That’s one of the biggest problems when you goshopping.” That’s one reason the food companies have said they will now onlyuse licensed characters to advertise their “better for you” products. 1.The reason why the food and drinkcompanies will take action is that they want to___________
A．promote sales across the country
B．limit advertising to children under the age of 12
C．meet increasing demands from kids
D．adapt to the new federal regulations
2.What can we learn from the text that theseven companies ____.
A．may still use cartoon characters in advertising
B．are going to stop advertising to children under 12
C．Would like to continue the cooperation with entertainment media
D．will make food and drink specially for fat kids
3.What of the following can best describethe underlined words “fend off”?
A．prevent ... from happening
B．draw up or work out
C．pay attention to
D．give a warm welcome to
4.What does Josephine Thomas advise in thelast paragraph?
A．kids spend too much on unhealthy food
B．parents are strict about their kids’ food choice
C．“better for you” products are popular with kids
D．ads with cartoon characters mislead kids
科目：高中英语
来源：山西省三校2010届高三下学期4月联考（英语）
题型：完型填空
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项Do you know what kind of things the youngpeople are reading? More and more　 36　 andparents have noticed another kind of pollution, which came from the printedpapers　 37　 on streets. These printedthings　 38　 newspapers but have hardlyanything to do with　 39　 ,you can only find reading materials badly made up there—— some are too strangefor anyone to 40 ; others are frightening stories of something　 41 ．However, many of the youngreaders are getting interested in such　42　reading, which 43&& them what they should pay for their breakfast andbrings them nightmares（恶梦）and immoral（邪恶的）ideas in 44& . Homework was left　 45　 ; daily games lost. 　　Thesesellers shout on streets selling their papers well. The writers, publishers andprinters,　 46　 they are, we never know, are　 47　their silent money. 　　Thesheep - skinned wolf’s story seems to have been forgotten once again. Why not　 48　 this kind of thing? Yes, bothteachers and parents have asked each other for more strict control of the youngreaders.　 49 　, the more you want to forbidit, the more they want to have a look at it.　 50 　 you may even find out several children, driven by the curiousnature,　 51 　 one patched paper, which hastraveled from hand to hand. 　　Itreally does 52 　 toour society. It has already formed a sort of moral pollution. The 53　 teachers and parents need morepowerful support in their protection of the young generation. At the same timethe young　 54　 need more interesting books tohelp them　 55　 those ugly papers.　　36．A.writers&&&& B. readers &&&C. students&&&& D. teachers 　　37．A. sold&&&&&& B. printed &&& C. put&&&&&&&& D. found　　38．A. work out&&&B.look like && C. act as &&&&&& D. dependon　　39．A. them&&&&& B. children &&& C. youngpeople& D. it　　40．A. think　&&&& B.believe&&&&& C.know&&&&&&& D. understand　　41．A. still worse&&B.even better & C. very good&&&D. more important　　42．A. wonderful&&B.interesting & C. useful &&&&&& D. poisonous　　43．A. spends &&& B.costs &&&&&& C. pays&&&&&&& D. takes　　44．A. sight&&&&& B. common &&&&C. return&&&&& D. use　　45．A. unknown&&B.much&&&&&& C.less&&&&&&& D. undone　　46．A. what&&&&& B. whoever&&&&C. whatever&&& D. who　　47．A. making &&& B.spending &&& C. wasting &&&& D. using　　48．A.forbid&&&& B. separate &&&& C. leave&&&&&& D.forget 　　49．A.Luckily&&&&B. Unfortunately&C. Badly&&&&&& D. Happily　　50．A.Always&&&&B. Hardly&&&&&&C. Sometimes& D. Seldom　　51．A.share&&&&& B. get&&&&&&&& C. hold&&&&&& D. take　　52．A. good&&&&& B. favor &&&&&& C.wrong&&&&&&D. harm　　53．A. puzzled &&&B. surprised &&& C. disappointed &D. worried　　54．A. teachers &&&B. parents&&&&&C. readers&&&&& D. writers　　55．A. come into & B. breakdown & C. get rid of &&& D. get of&
科目：高中英语
来源：江苏省2010届高三英语词汇专项训练
题型：单项填空
&Do you know where my address bookis?& — It________ be in the hall cupboard. I think I saw it this morning.
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请输入手机号It is quite apparent that the aging population in China will cause heavy pressure on whole society in the future . A．a, /B．/ ;/C． theD．/ ; the 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
成绩波动大？难提高？听顶级名师视频辅导，
& 题目详情
It is quite apparent that the aging population in China will cause _____ heavy pressure on ____ whole society in the future . A．a, /B．/ ;/C． theD．/ ; the
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科目：高中英语
题型：阅读理解
I don't want to upset you, but nobody can ever find out what day is going to be the last. And so it’s better to live each day of your life as if it is the last. I'm not telling you to quit your job and spend all your money on traveling. But you can live your life to its fullest by adding some simple things to each day. It doesn't matter what is going on, but it does matter how you feel about it. Here is my recipe for the best day on Earth! A Handful of Happiness Where can you find it? Take a look inside of yourself! Happiness doesn't come from the outside, it is within you. Each moment your life gives you a lot of opportunities to be happy. If you want to see them, you will. If you don’t, it's up to you. A Handful of Love Love is the harmony of your soul. A little love can make a big difference to the whole world. We are one. Everyone and everything deserve your love as well as you do. A Handful of Dreams Feel free to dream big dreams and make small steps towards them. You are the creator of your life. Every time you are doing something to achieve your goals you are growing. A Handful of Creativity Try to be creative in everything you do. Try to do your best every time you are doing something. Do not be afraid to use your imagination. It's such a pleasure to do something new. Feel the joy of creation! A Handful of Magic Do you believe in magic? Well, you should. Life is full of miracles. In fact, life itself is a big miracle. There are so many things that are beyond our understanding. &There are two ways to live: you can live as if
you can live as if everything is a miracle.& — Albert Einstein Celebrate every day of your life! Let the spirit of holiday fill each corner of your heart. Why not? You live your life to its fullest and move towards your dreams!
What does the author advise people to do? &&&&&& A. Spend all your money on traveling. &&&&&& B. Find happiness inside yourself. &&&&&& C. Love others more than yourself. &&&&&& D. Do not use much imagination.
It can be concluded that to realize your big dreams, you need ____________. &&&&&& A. to keep trying step by step&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. to grow up &&&&&& C. to feel free&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. to create your life What can we learn from the underlined sentence? &&&&&& A. There are two ways to live a happy life. &&&&&& B. Nothing is a miracle in your life. &&&&&& C. Not everything is a miracle. &&&&&& D. It’s up to you to choose the way to live.
Which can be the best title of the passage? &&&&&& A. How to know your last day? &&&&&& B. How to live a best day? &&&&&& C. How to make your life miracle? &&&&&& D. How to realize your dreams?
科目：高中英语
来源：浙江省台州市2010年高三年级第二次调考试题（英语）
题型：完型填空
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从 21-40 各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。It has been difficult to sit on the bench the majority of my high school basketball career. To watch my team from the sideline and&& 21&&&why I am not good enough to be on the floor. &22&&endless hours of work and devotion, pushing myself through drill after drill, the&& 23&& thing I want is to be a cheerleader. The feeling of being &&24&& is sometimes too much and drives me to 25 &&on the spot. I often feel as though my efforts are wasted and my time is eaten away, devoted to&& 26&& . &It is heartbreaking to be a spectator(旁观者) for the game I love, knowing that no one has enough &&27&& to give me the chance to&& 28&&on the floor. Tears well up, but I hold them back. I shouldn’t be so &&29&& over something so silly.Away from the game, it’s easier to put my thoughts together,&& 30&& letting my emotions drive my reasoning. I consider &&31&& I am where I am. I have played basketball my whole life. I have a passion for the&& 32&& and always have. There is nothing like the excitement of&& 33& : the swish of the net, the sweat rolling off my cheeks, even the bruises(青肿) are battle wounds worn&& 34&& after every game.Even if I don’t play much, I participate in every&& 35& . I am part of a team of girls who 36&&& together like a family. I am there for them,&& 37&& they are for me.Should I move on? Or should I stay with my team and pursue my passion just a little longer? The decision isn’t difficult when I consider the&& 38&&& that being a part of a team brings me— and not just any team, &&39&&my team. I love basketball and my teammates. When I think about that, my view from the bench really isn’t so bad&&& 40&& .21. A.consider&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. wonder&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. think&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. hesitate22. A. Since&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. During&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. After&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Before23. A. other&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. next&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. first&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. last24. A. worthless&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. hopeless&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. helpless&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. careless25. A. fight&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. quit&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. transform&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. retire26. A. something&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. nothing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. anything&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. everything27. A. sympathy&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. encouragement&&&&& C. permission&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. faith28. A. respond&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. perform&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. promote&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. practice29. A. scared&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. nervous&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. upset&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. amazed 30. A. less than&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. more than&&&&&&&&&&& C. other than&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. rather than31. A. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. how&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. whether&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what32. A. bench&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. sport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. drill&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D. battle33. A. waiting&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. watching&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. learning&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. playing34. A. proudly&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. bravely&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. unfortunately&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. painfully35. A. decision&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. plan&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. game&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. project36. A. compete&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. stick&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. live&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. represent37. A. because&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. if&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. as&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. though38. A. joy&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. patience&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. challenge&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D. position39. A. so&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. as&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&C. but&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. like40. A. above all&&&&&&&&&& B. after all&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. at all&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. all in all
科目：高中英语
来源：2011届宁夏银川二中高三上学期第三次月考英语卷
题型：阅读理解
&&&&& With the Indian economy predicted to grow by 7．5 percent this year, experts say it could be time for Western CEOs to learn some lessons from Indian CEOs．The key differences between Indian and Western bosses are: Social purpose One of the most important things is that Indian leaders lead with a sense of social purpose．Every leader in India gave a specific social purpose as being the goal of their business．Those purposes ranged from improving healthcare to getting cell phones to people who didn't have access to communication tools．Having a social purpose motivates workers． Invest in employees Indian firms invest an enormous amount in their employees' training and development．IT firms typically offer 60 days of formal training for newly hired workers and they even spend months training experienced workers．A study said that Western firms have largely abandoned investing in employees, seeing it as a waste if they quit．But Indian bosses believe that investing in employees ensures the quality of those who stay at the company． Take the long view Indian bosses stress far less on shareholders than it is typical at Western business．As a result they're more able to take a long-term view．Western companies can't just ignore their shareholders, but their CEOs can do more to protect their -employees from short-term financial pressures, letting them get on with their jobs． Work fromtheir strengths Western companies often think about strategy in terms of chasing customers or pursuing market opportunities, but Indian firms will more often start by identifying their strengths and customers’ needs, and then try to meet those needs． Act as a role model Being a personal role model for their employees is an amazing thing for a CEO．If Western bosses could think of themselves as role models, it would have a real impact on their workers．【小题1】Indian CEOs use their sense of social purpose to _________．A．improve the workers' healthcare systemB．provide cell phones to people in needC．motivate and encourage their employeesD．promote the development of communication systems【小题2】Western firms have largely abandoned investing in employees’ training and development because _______．A．it takes too long to complete the formal training of newly hired workersB．they often hire experienced workers who don't need much trainingC．they are afraid of the losses brought about by the resignation of employeesD．they don't care about the quality of the employees in their firms【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE about Western bosses?A．They stress on workers more than shareholders．B．They always act as role models for employees．C．They are good at identifying their own strengths．D．They pay closer attention to market opportunities．
科目：高中英语
来源：2015届河北省高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
Twenty years is just a blink in time. But 20 years isalso long enough for a man to grow up. It is always painful. For Andrew Agassi,maturing in the spotlight of international tennis competition was even harder. &&& On September 3, the American tennisplayer said a tearful goodbye to his 21-year career after a third-round defeatin the US Open. The 36-year-old tried his best, but was unable to keep up withGerman Benjamin Becker, more than ten years his junior. &&&& &The scoreboard said Ilost today, but what the scoreboard doesn't say is what I've found,&Agassi said to the fans. &I have found inspiration and you willed me tosucceed.& It was an emotional speech at the end of a long career. &&&& Agassi hated tennis as ateenager as much as he loves it now. His father made him play when he was achild. He got bored, and became a rebel(叛逆). Thestrict training that his father pushed upon him got in the way of his wildlifestyle. He grew hair long, wore colorful clothes and spat at a judge. Overthe years, he has made bad jokes during news conferences. Asked what he wouldsay to his 17-year-old self, Agassi answered, &I would say, I understandyou a lot more than I want to be you.& &&& The turning point in Agassi'scareer came in 1992 when he unexpectedly won his first Grand Slam (大满贯赛事)at Wimbledon. It was the first time Agassi understoodwhat real champions finally understand: winning is a test of courage and notjust power, it's a marathon, not a sprint(短跑). &&&& And what a marathon Agassiwas about to begin. He cut his long hair, got fitter and tightened upemotionally. On the court, he ranked No. 1 for almost two years. His lowestpoint came in 1997 when his ranking dropped to No. 141. He didn't quit though.&I knew that I would try to get the most out of myself every day from thatday forward. That was my promise,& he said. &That neverstopped.& 1.The underlined phrase &more than ten years hisjunior& in the second paragraph means _________. A. having lower ranking than Agassi for more than tenyears B. having higher ranking than Agassi for more than tenyears C. more than ten years older than Agassi D. more than ten years younger than Agassi 2.How did Agassi feel when he was defeated in thecompetition? A. He felt angry with the judge B. He felt satisfied with the scoreboard C. He felt regretful but encouraged D. He felt in great desperation3.The passage implies ______. A. after 1997 Agassi began to take up marathon besidestennis B. Agassi began to play tennis before he was fifteen C. Agassi hesitated to quit his sports career D. the reason why Agassi lost his last competition wasthat he lacked courage and power 4.The score of the match between Agassi and Becker is______.A. 0-2& &&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.0-3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.1-3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&& D.2-3&
科目：高中英语
来源：学年河南省周口市英文学校高三上学期第三次月考英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
The American local food movement has been all aboutbuying seasonal food from nearby farmers. Now, thanks to the Web, it isexpanding to include far-away farmers too. A new start-up, Foodzie, is anonline farmers market where small food producers and growers can sell theirproducts. Foodzie was started by Mr LaFave and two of hisfriends, who met during college at Virginia Tech, where they would pay frequentvisits to farmers markets. Last year, while living in North Carolina, one ofthem, Emily Olson, now 24, came up with one idea. She was working as a brandmanager for a gourmet grocery chain and realized that people who enjoyedfine food but didn’t work in the business had no way to discover handmade foodsoutside their local farmers markets. Small farmers had no way of finding orselling to faraway customers, either.&& Mr LaFAve and the third co-founder, NikBauman, both 25, worked in corporate sales and software development. “Withbusiness, food and computer science backgrounds, we figured we had everythingwe needed.” Mr LaFAve said.&& The three quit their jobs, and openedthis site to the public in December and the site has had 43,000 visitors in thepast month. So far, 29 sellers have opened shops and 41 are in the process ofopening them. The founders recently hired a fourth employee to help Ms Olsonrecruit(吸收) new food producers at farmers markets andfood shows. Mr LaFAve is convinced that the recession(经济衰退) will not reduce people’s interest in buying locallygrown and handmade food. “There is misunderstanding that all these foods aremore expensive than mass-produced alternatives,” he said. “People are pouringtheir heart and soul into these products, and they are of the highest quality.”1.The passage is mainly about_______.A. how an online farmers’ market worksB. the American local food movementC. three youths starting an online farmers’ marketD. the reasons why people are interested in local food2.Why did the founders start the online farmers’market?A. Because it met the need of the market.B. Because the founders were interested in seasonalfood.C. Because some people wanted to buy locally grownfood.D. Because farmers wanted to sell their foods.3.The underlined word in Paragraph 2 can be used todescribe _______.A. food of high quality&&&& B.terrible food&&&& C. food of lowfat&&&& D. fried food4.About the three founders, we know that ______.A. they are of the same ageB. they gave up their work to start the website C. they used to be colleagueD. they majored in farming at college&
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