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　　PERSON OF THE YEAR:ANGELA MERKEL 《时代》年度人物：安吉拉&默克尔
　　Vivienne Yan
　　●●●
　　导读：
　　背景知识：文中第一段提到的“iron curtain（铁幕）”和“Berlin wall（柏林墙）”是冷战时期的产物，见下图。默克尔是在东德（民主德国）长大。
　　? 第一段中有个句子比较难翻译：
　　The shy daughter of a Lutheran minister, Merkel slipped into politics as a divorced Protestant in a largely Catholic party, a woman in a frat house, an Ossi in the newly unified Germany of the 1990s where easterners were still aliens.
　　原译：默克尔是一名路德教教教父的女儿，生性腼腆。她是个新教徒，又离了婚，却逐渐跻身于满是天主教徒的政坛。20世纪90年代德国统一后，在一个由男人主导的群体中，默克尔这个东德人被视为“异类”。
　　改译：默克尔是一名路德教教教父的女儿，生性腼腆。在一个大部分为天主教徒的政党里，她是个离了婚的新教徒；又是一名处于男性主导团体中的女性，并且在20世纪90年代统一后的德国，她还是名不受待见的“东德佬”，但是她却还是悄然跻身政坛。
　　这段话中，描述默克尔的单词或者短语非常多，碰到这种情况，一般要好好整理一些思路，一般可以把描述性的语言放在句子的前面，然后再把主干翻译在最后面，当然有的时候也可以把主干放在前面，但是放后面的居多。
　　另外要注意的是as后面有多个并列成分，所以必须要把这个结构看清，否则容易产生错误。
　　这个句子实际上是，asa divorced Protestant in a largely Catholic party, asa woman in a frat house,asan Ossi in the newly unified Germany of the 1990s where easterners were still aliens.
　　所以原译中的“却逐渐跻身于满是天主教徒的政坛”这里的“in a largely Catholic party”并不是修饰前面的“politics”，而是修饰就近的“a divorced Protestant”，不把握好这点就容易出现误译。
　　?“a woman in a frat house”中的frat house全称为“fraternity house”是指“兄弟会”，因为当时的天主教学校一般都只有男生，与之对应的女性团体是“sorority house”，但是现在似乎没有分得那么明显了，可能是混合式的。以下是维基百科中的解释：
　　North American fraternity and sorority housing refers largely to the houses or housing areas in which fraternity and sorority members live and work together. In addition to serving as housing, fraternity and sorority housing may also serve to host social gatherings, meetings, and functions that benefit the community.
　　因此在阅读或者翻译的过程中，如果对背景知识不熟悉，那么靠感觉进行翻译的话就很容易出错，这个时候一般都要通过详细的句子结构分析，再结合一定的背景知识查询才能理解好这个句子。
　　另附《时代周刊》关于年度风云人物默克尔的视频报道。
　　1. Europe’s most powerful leader is a refugee from a time and place where her power would have been unimaginable. The German Democratic Republic, where Angela Merkel grew up, was neither democ it was an Orwellian horrorshow, where the Iron Curtain found literalexpression in the form of the Berlin Wall. The shy daughter of a Lutheran minister, Merkel slipped intopolitics as a divorced Protestantin a largely Catholic party, a woman in a frathouse, an Ossi in the newly unified Germany of the 1990s where easterners were still aliens. No other major Western leader grew up in a stockade, which gave Merkel a rare perspective on the lureof freedom and the risks people will take to taste it.
　　欧洲最有权势的领导人是一个难民，在他逃离的那个时代和国家，她本可以拥有无可限量的权力。安吉拉?默克尔在民主德国长大，这个国度既非民主又非共和，而是一场奥威尔式的恐怖秀。在这里，“铁幕”以柏林墙的形式得到了不折不扣的诠释。默克尔是一名路德教教教父的女儿，生性腼腆。在一个大部分为天主教徒的政党里，她是个离了婚的新教徒；又是一名处于男性主导团体中的女性，并且在20世纪90年代统一后的德国，她还是名不受待见的“东德佬”，但是她却还是悄然跻身政坛。从来没有哪个欧洲领导人是在这样的重重围困中成长起来的，而正是这段经历使默克尔更加理解自由的魅力以及人们愿意为之付出的代价。
　　2. Her political style no flair, no flourishes, no charisma, just a survivor’s sharp sense of power and a scientist’s devotionto data. Even after Merkel became Germany’s Chancellor in 2005, and then commanded the world’s fourth largest economy, she remained resolutelydull―the better to be underestimated time and again.German punditscalled her Merkelvellian when she outsmarted, isolated or just outlastedanyone who might mounta challenge to her. Ever cautious, she proudly practiced what Willy Brandt once called Die Politik der kleinen Schritte (the politics of baby steps), or as we call it in the U.S., leading from behind.
　　她并没有什么鲜明的政治风格：没有天赋异禀，没有浮夸华丽，没有超凡魅力，有的只是一个幸存者对权利的敏锐感和一位科学家对数据的热忱。即便默克尔在2005年当选德国总理并领导世界第四大经济体后，她依旧保持着她不鲜明的政治风格，这样更容易使其一再受到低估。当她用计谋挫败、孤立或是超越那些可能会挑战她的人时，德国权威人士称她为“默科尔维利”（由马基雅维利Machiavelli而来）。她一直谨慎巧妙地践行着维利&勃兰特（Willy Brandt ，前德国总理）所说的原则，“政治治理要小步慢走”，或是我们美国人说的“幕后领导”。
　　3. Then came 2015. Not once or twicebut three times this year there has been reason to wonder whether Europe could continue to exist, not culturally or geographically but as a historic experiment in ambitious statecraft. Merkel had already emerged as the indispensable player in managing Europe’ she also led the West’s response to Vladimir Putin’s creepingtheft of Ukraine. But now the prospect of Greek bankruptcy threatened the very existence of the euro zone. The migrant and refugee crisis challenged the principle of open borders. And finally, the carnagein Paris revivedthe reflexto slamdoors, build walls and trust no one.
　　到了2015年，对于欧洲是否能够继续存在的话题，人们出于充分的理由对此不止一次两次地提出过质疑，甚至达到了三次之多。这并不是从文化和地理层面来质疑欧洲的存续，而是出于欧洲是在雄心勃勃的国家管理理念下的一个历史性尝试。默克尔在处理欧洲一连串债务危机方面发挥着举足轻重的作用；她还领导西方国家对弗拉基米尔&普京（Vladimir Putin）蚕食乌克兰做出了回应。但当下希腊破产的前景使得欧元区的存续岌岌可危。移民和难民危机不断让自由边境原则受到挑战。而且近来，人们因为巴黎惨案紧闭大门，筑起围墙，不再相信任何人。
　　4. Each time Merkel stepped in. Germany would bailGreece out, on her strict terms. It would welcome refugees as casualties of radical Islamist savagery, not carriers of it. And it would deploytroops abroad in the fight against ISIS. Germany has spent the past 70 years testing antidotesto its toxicallynationalist, militarist, genocidalpast. Merkel brandisheda different set of values―humanity, generosity, tolerance―to demonstrate how Germany’s great strength could be used to save, rather than destroy. It is rare to see a leader in the process of sheddingan old and hauntingnational identity. “If we now have to start apologizing for showing a friendly face in response to emergency situations,” she said, “then that’s not my country.”
　　每次默克尔都会挺身而出。在提出严苛的条件之下，德国会帮助希腊脱离困境。德国会将难民看作伊斯兰激进分子残暴行为的受害者而非恐怖分子的帮凶。而且，德国会外派军队打击伊斯兰国。在过去的七十年间，德国一直在努力消除过去的流毒――民族主义、军国主义和大屠杀。默克尔弘扬一套不同的价值观，即人性、慷慨和宽容，显示出她是如何使用德国的巨大力量来拯救世界而非摧毁世界。一位领导人不断极力摆脱困扰着本国的旧形象，这实属罕见。她说道：“我们在危急关头以诚相待，如果我们要为此道歉，那这就不是我的国家了。”
　　5. And so this time, the woman who trained as a quantumchemist did not run the tests she made her stand. The blowbackhas come fast and from all sides. Donald Trump called Merkel “insane” and called the refugees “one of the great Trojan horses.” German protesters called her a traitor, a whore; her allies warned of a popular revolt, and her opponents warned of economic collapse and cultural suicide. The conservative Die Welt published a leakedintelligence report warning about the challenge of assimilatinga million migrants: “We are importing Islamic extremism, Arab anti-Semitism, national and ethnic conflicts of other people as well as a different understanding of society and law.” Her approval ratings dropped more than 20 points, even as she broadcast her faith in her people: “Wir schaffen das,” she has said over and over. “We can do this.”
　　这次，这位曾受过相关教育的量子化学家并没有选择做一些试验性工作，而是表明了自己的立场。但是各方的负面压力却来势汹汹。唐纳德&特朗普（Donald Trump）称默克尔是“疯子”，并把难民视作“特洛伊木马”。德国的抗议者们骂她是“叛徒”、“婊子”；她的盟友提醒其要防范人民暴动，她的反对者警告称会有经济崩溃和文化自毁的风险。保守的《世界报》（Die Welt ）刊登了一则泄露的情报报告，该报告警告称要提防同化百万移民所带来的挑战：“我们正在引入伊斯兰极端主义、阿拉伯反犹太主义，与他人的国家和民族冲突以及对社会和法律的不同理解。”即使默克尔向她的人民反复地传达其“我们一定可以做到”的这种信念，她的民众支持率依然锐减了20多个百分点。
　　6. At a moment when much of the world is once more engaged ina furiousdebate about the balance between safety and freedom, the Chancellor is asking a great deal of the German people, and by their example, the rest of us as well. To be welcoming. To be unafraid. To believe that great civilizations build bridges, not walls, and that wars are won both on and off the battlefield. By viewing the refugees as victims to be rescued rather than invadersto be repelled, the woman raised behind the Iron Curtain gambled onfreedom. The pastor’s daughter wielded mercylike a weapon. You can agree with her or not, but she is not taking the easy road. Leaders are tested only when people don’t want to follow. For asking more of her country than most politicians would dare, for standing firmagainst tyranny as well as expedienceand for providing steadfast moral leadership in a world where it is in short supply, Angela Merkel is TIME’s Person of the Year.
　　正当世界多数地方再次卷入关于如何平衡安全与自由的激烈争论中时，这位德国总理更多的是在呼吁其本国民众，以他们为榜样，我们也应扪心自问。敞开怀抱，勇敢面对，相信伟大的文明能够建造沟通的桥梁，而不是阻隔的围墙，无论战场内外，我们都是赢家。这位在铁幕后站起来的女性在自由上孤注一掷，将难民视作需要拯救的受害者，而非必须驱逐的入侵者。这个牧师的女儿将仁慈化作武器。无论你同意与否，她所行之路并非坦途。领导人只有在众叛亲离时才能受到考验。她鼓起比多数政客更大的勇气来呼吁其本国民众，坚定地对抗暴政和反对权宜之计，展现出坚定不移的道德领导力，而这正是目前这个世界所缺乏的。凭借以上种种，安吉拉&默克尔当选《时代》年度人物，实至名归。
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&&&&据德国《明镜》周刊6月16日报道，巴西当地时间6月16日下午1时，德国队迎来本届世界杯的首场比赛，对阵实力强劲的葡萄牙队。最终，德国队以4:0的巨大分差完胜对手，穆勒更是一人独进3球，完成了帽子戏法。除赛场上的球员外，身为&标准球迷&的德国总理默克尔（Angela Merkel）在观众席上的表现也十分惹人注目，她观看比赛的照片同样走红网络。
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