哈尔滨工程大学毕业论文格式哈尔滨工程大学本硕博学位论文LaTeX模板
哈尔滨工程大学毕业论文格式哈尔滨工程大学本硕博学位论文LaTeX模板
【学术知识篇】SCI论文写作经验和写作工具
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PlutoThesis_UTF8 1.9.4. 版本修改而来, 感谢哈工大各位模板撰写人员的辛苦工作,感谢工大论文模板维护者 luckfox 的大力...【2015毕业季】我们的毕设&&工程&智&造
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关于2016届本科毕业生学士学位论文答辩、毕业学位材料报送工作安排的通知
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解密知网技巧,助力毕业论文之路 时间日晚18:30地点... C.知网在文献管理与阅读方面的隐藏工具;
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联机备份SQL> alter tablespace app_Tablespace altered.SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &6 ACTIVE & & & & & & & & -JAN-126 rows selected.SQL> update szhr.emp set sal=1000 where empno=7369;1 row updated.SQL>SQL> select empno,sal from szhr.emp where empno=7369;& & &EMPNO & & & &SAL---------- ----------& & & 7369 & & & 1000仍然可以对所在的表空间进行读写操作，因为数据文件头被冻结，不写数据文件头情况一：插入了数据，中断备份起不来，要进行介质恢复，DB认为因为app_data数据文件的文件头的SCN做了更新SQL> shutdown immediateORA-01149: cannot shutdown - file 6 has online backup setORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/app_data.dbf'SQL> startupORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specifiedORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area & bytesFixed Size & & & & & & & & &1220796 bytesVariable Size & & & & & &
bytesDatabase Buffers & & & & & bytesRedo Buffers & & & & & & & &7163904 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01113: file 6 needs media recoveryORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/app_data.dbf'SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &6 ACTIVE & & & & & & & & -JAN-126 rows selected.SQL> alter database datafile 6Database altered.SQL>alter database open*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01113: file 6 needs media recoveryORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/app_data.dbf'SQL> recover datafile 6;Media recovery complete.SQL>Database altered.SQL> &select empno,sal from szhr.emp where empno=7369;& & &EMPNO & & & &SAL---------- ----------& & & 7369 & & & 1000数据修改了，证明成功写入了app_data数据文件SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &6 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & -JAN-126 rows selected.SQL> alter tablespace app_alter tablespace app_data end backup*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01142: cannot end online backup - none of the files are in backupSQL> alter tablespace app_Tablespace altered.SQL> alter tablespace app_alter tablespace app_data end backup*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01140: cannot end online backup - all files are offline or readonlySQL> select empno,sal from szhr.select empno,sal from szhr.emp& & & & & & & & & & & & & &*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00376: file 6 cannot be read at this timeORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/app_data.dbf'SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,STATUS from dba_TABLESPACE_NAME & & & & & & & &STATUS------------------------------ ---------SYSTEM & & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINEUNDOTBS1 & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINESYSAUX & & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINETEMP & & & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINEUSERS & & & & & & & & & & & & &ONLINEEXAMPLE & & & & & & & & & & & &ONLINEAPP_DATA & & & & & & & & & & & OFFLINE7 rows selected.SQL> alter tablespace APP_DATATablespace altered.＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝情况二：SQL> alter tablespace app_Tablespace altered.SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &6 ACTIVE & & & & & & & & -JAN-126 rows selected.SQL> shutdown abortORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startupORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specifiedORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area & bytesFixed Size & & & & & & & & &1220796 bytesVariable Size & & & & & &
bytesDatabase Buffers & & & & & bytesRedo Buffers & & & & & & & &7163904 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01113: file 6 needs media recoveryORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/app_data.dbf'SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &6 ACTIVE & & & & & & & & -JAN-126 rows selected.SQL> alter database datafile 6Database altered.SQL>Database altered.SQL> select * from v$& & &FILE# STATUS & & & & & & & &CHANGE# TIME---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------& & & & &1 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &2 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &3 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &4 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0& & & & &5 NOT ACTIVE & & & & & & & & &0SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,STATUS from dba_TABLESPACE_NAME & & & & & & & &STATUS------------------------------ ---------SYSTEM & & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINEUNDOTBS1 & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINESYSAUX & & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINETEMP & & & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINEUSERS & & & & & & & & & & & & &ONLINEEXAMPLE & & & & & & & & & & & &ONLINEAPP_DATA & & & & & & & & & & & ONLINE——假的7 rows selected.SQL> select * from szhr.select * from szhr.emp& & & & & & & & & &*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00376: file 6 cannot be read at this timeORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/app_data.dbf'SQL> recover datafile 6;Media recovery complete.SQL> alter tablespace APP_DATATablespace altered.SQL> select empno,sal from szhr.emp where empno=7369;& & &EMPNO & & & &SAL---------- ----------& & & 7369 & & & 1200
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数据库（62）
&我们在操作数据库的时候，我们总会遇到很多错误。下面整理了一下常见的错误。
&&&&& FATAL: connection limit exceeded for non-superusers
&&&&& 原因：非超级用户的连接数（max_connections - superuser_reserved_connections）超过了设定值
&&&&& 解决办法：增加max_connections设定值，但如果增加了过多的话，数据库负担太大还容易产生内存错误。可以记住pg-pool等工具来辅助解决。
&&&& FATAL: sorry, too many clients already
&&&& 原因：数据库服务器的连接数超过了max_connections设定值。
&&&& 解决办法：和错误1解决办法类似。
&&& LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently
&&& 原因：checkpoint处理正频繁发生。
&&& 解决办法：增加checkpoint_segments的值。
&&& LOG: archive command failed with exit code (X)
&&& 原因：archive_command
&&& 解决办法：因为有可能是硬盘没空间了，所以可以把数据库的log删除一些。
&&& LOG: number of page slots needed (X) exceeds max_fsm_pages (Y)
&&& 原因：max_fsm_pages不足了。
&&& 解决办法：增加max_fsm_pages的同时进行
VACUUM FULL。
ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction blockp
&& 原因：数据库操作时，前一次操作中已经发生过错误了。
&& 解决办法：
&& ERROR:& operator does not exist: character = integer
&& 原因：PostgreSQL8.3以后，取消了默认类型转换。因此需要使比较的类型保持一致。可以看cast函数。
附错误code
Error Code
Condition Name
Class 00 & Successful Completion
SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION
successful_completion
Class 01 & Warning
DYNAMIC RESULT SETS RETURNED
dynamic_result_sets_returned
IMPLICIT ZERO BIT PADDING
implicit_zero_bit_padding
NULL VALUE ELIMINATED IN SET FUNCTION
null_value_eliminated_in_set_function
PRIVILEGE NOT GRANTED
privilege_not_granted
PRIVILEGE NOT REVOKED
privilege_not_revoked
STRING DATA RIGHT TRUNCATION
string_data_right_truncation
DEPRECATED FEATURE
deprecated_feature
Class 02 & No Data (this is also a warning class per the SQL standard)
NO ADDITIONAL DYNAMIC RESULT SETS RETURNED
no_additional_dynamic_result_sets_returned
Class 03 & SQL Statement Not Yet Complete
SQL STATEMENT NOT YET COMPLETE
sql_statement_not_yet_complete
Class 08 & Connection Exception
CONNECTION EXCEPTION
connection_exception
CONNECTION DOES NOT EXIST
connection_does_not_exist
CONNECTION FAILURE
connection_failure
SQLCLIENT UNABLE TO ESTABLISH SQLCONNECTION
sqlclient_unable_to_establish_sqlconnection
SQLSERVER REJECTED ESTABLISHMENT OF SQLCONNECTION
sqlserver_rejected_establishment_of_sqlconnection
TRANSACTION RESOLUTION UNKNOWN
transaction_resolution_unknown
PROTOCOL VIOLATION
protocol_violation
Class 09 & Triggered Action Exception
TRIGGERED ACTION EXCEPTION
triggered_action_exception
Class 0A & Feature Not Supported
FEATURE NOT SUPPORTED
feature_not_supported
Class 0B & Invalid Transaction Initiation
INVALID TRANSACTION INITIATION
invalid_transaction_initiation
Class 0F & Locator Exception
LOCATOR EXCEPTION
locator_exception
INVALID LOCATOR SPECIFICATION
invalid_locator_specification
Class 0L & Invalid Grantor
INVALID GRANTOR
invalid_grantor
INVALID GRANT OPERATION
invalid_grant_operation
Class 0P & Invalid Role Specification
INVALID ROLE SPECIFICATION
invalid_role_specification
Class 20 & Case Not Found
CASE NOT FOUND
case_not_found
Class 21 & Cardinality Violation
CARDINALITY VIOLATION
cardinality_violation
Class 22 & Data Exception
DATA EXCEPTION
data_exception
ARRAY SUBSCRIPT ERROR
array_subscript_error
CHARACTER NOT IN REPERTOIRE
character_not_in_repertoire
DATETIME FIELD OVERFLOW
datetime_field_overflow
DIVISION BY ZERO
division_by_zero
ERROR IN ASSIGNMENT
error_in_assignment
ESCAPE CHARACTER CONFLICT
escape_character_conflict
INDICATOR OVERFLOW
indicator_overflow
INTERVAL FIELD OVERFLOW
interval_field_overflow
INVALID ARGUMENT FOR LOGARITHM
invalid_argument_for_logarithm
INVALID ARGUMENT FOR NTILE FUNCTION
invalid_argument_for_ntile_function
INVALID ARGUMENT FOR NTH_VALUE FUNCTION
invalid_argument_for_nth_value_function
INVALID ARGUMENT FOR POWER FUNCTION
invalid_argument_for_power_function
INVALID ARGUMENT FOR WIDTH BUCKET FUNCTION
invalid_argument_for_width_bucket_function
INVALID CHARACTER VALUE FOR CAST
invalid_character_value_for_cast
INVALID DATETIME FORMAT
invalid_datetime_format
INVALID ESCAPE CHARACTER
invalid_escape_character
INVALID ESCAPE OCTET
invalid_escape_octet
INVALID ESCAPE SEQUENCE
invalid_escape_sequence
NONSTANDARD USE OF ESCAPE CHARACTER
nonstandard_use_of_escape_character
INVALID INDICATOR PARAMETER VALUE
invalid_indicator_parameter_value
INVALID PARAMETER VALUE
invalid_parameter_value
INVALID REGULAR EXPRESSION
invalid_regular_expression
INVALID ROW COUNT IN LIMIT CLAUSE
invalid_row_count_in_limit_clause
INVALID ROW COUNT IN RESULT OFFSET CLAUSE
invalid_row_count_in_result_offset_clause
INVALID TIME ZONE DISPLACEMENT VALUE
invalid_time_zone_displacement_value
INVALID USE OF ESCAPE CHARACTER
invalid_use_of_escape_character
MOST SPECIFIC TYPE MISMATCH
most_specific_type_mismatch
NULL VALUE NOT ALLOWED
null_value_not_allowed
NULL VALUE NO INDICATOR PARAMETER
null_value_no_indicator_parameter
NUMERIC VALUE OUT OF RANGE
numeric_value_out_of_range
STRING DATA LENGTH MISMATCH
string_data_length_mismatch
STRING DATA RIGHT TRUNCATION
string_data_right_truncation
SUBSTRING ERROR
substring_error
TRIM ERROR
trim_error
UNTERMINATED C STRING
unterminated_c_string
ZERO LENGTH CHARACTER STRING
zero_length_character_string
FLOATING POINT EXCEPTION
floating_point_exception
INVALID TEXT REPRESENTATION
invalid_text_representation
INVALID BINARY REPRESENTATION
invalid_binary_representation
BAD COPY FILE FORMAT
bad_copy_file_format
UNTRANSLATABLE CHARACTER
untranslatable_character
NOT AN XML DOCUMENT
not_an_xml_document
INVALID XML DOCUMENT
invalid_xml_document
INVALID XML CONTENT
invalid_xml_content
INVALID XML COMMENT
invalid_xml_comment
INVALID XML PROCESSING INSTRUCTION
invalid_xml_processing_instruction
Class 23 & Integrity Constraint Violation
INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT VIOLATION
integrity_constraint_violation
RESTRICT VIOLATION
restrict_violation
NOT NULL VIOLATION
not_null_violation
FOREIGN KEY VIOLATION
foreign_key_violation
UNIQUE VIOLATION
unique_violation
CHECK VIOLATION
check_violation
Class 24 & Invalid Cursor State
INVALID CURSOR STATE
invalid_cursor_state
Class 25 & Invalid Transaction State
INVALID TRANSACTION STATE
invalid_transaction_state
ACTIVE SQL TRANSACTION
active_sql_transaction
BRANCH TRANSACTION ALREADY ACTIVE
branch_transaction_already_active
HELD CURSOR REQUIRES SAME ISOLATION LEVEL
held_cursor_requires_same_isolation_level
INAPPROPRIATE ACCESS MODE FOR BRANCH TRANSACTION
inappropriate_access_mode_for_branch_transaction
INAPPROPRIATE ISOLATION LEVEL FOR BRANCH TRANSACTION
inappropriate_isolation_level_for_branch_transaction
NO ACTIVE SQL TRANSACTION FOR BRANCH TRANSACTION
no_active_sql_transaction_for_branch_transaction
READ ONLY SQL TRANSACTION
read_only_sql_transaction
SCHEMA AND DATA STATEMENT MIXING NOT SUPPORTED
schema_and_data_statement_mixing_not_supported
NO ACTIVE SQL TRANSACTION
no_active_sql_transaction
IN FAILED SQL TRANSACTION
in_failed_sql_transaction
Class 26 & Invalid SQL Statement Name
INVALID SQL STATEMENT NAME
invalid_sql_statement_name
Class 27 & Triggered Data Change Violation
TRIGGERED DATA CHANGE VIOLATION
triggered_data_change_violation
Class 28 & Invalid Authorization Specification
INVALID AUTHORIZATION SPECIFICATION
invalid_authorization_specification
Class 2B & Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist
DEPENDENT PRIVILEGE DESCRIPTORS STILL EXIST
dependent_privilege_descriptors_still_exist
DEPENDENT OBJECTS STILL EXIST
dependent_objects_still_exist
Class 2D & Invalid Transaction Termination
INVALID TRANSACTION TERMINATION
invalid_transaction_termination
Class 2F & SQL Routine Exception
SQL ROUTINE EXCEPTION
sql_routine_exception
FUNCTION EXECUTED NO RETURN STATEMENT
function_executed_no_return_statement
MODIFYING SQL DATA NOT PERMITTED
modifying_sql_data_not_permitted
PROHIBITED SQL STATEMENT ATTEMPTED
prohibited_sql_statement_attempted
READING SQL DATA NOT PERMITTED
reading_sql_data_not_permitted
Class 34 & Invalid Cursor Name
INVALID CURSOR NAME
invalid_cursor_name
Class 38 & External Routine Exception
EXTERNAL ROUTINE EXCEPTION
external_routine_exception
CONTAINING SQL NOT PERMITTED
containing_sql_not_permitted
MODIFYING SQL DATA NOT PERMITTED
modifying_sql_data_not_permitted
PROHIBITED SQL STATEMENT ATTEMPTED
prohibited_sql_statement_attempted
READING SQL DATA NOT PERMITTED
reading_sql_data_not_permitted
Class 39 & External Routine Invocation Exception
EXTERNAL ROUTINE INVOCATION EXCEPTION
external_routine_invocation_exception
INVALID SQLSTATE RETURNED
invalid_sqlstate_returned
NULL VALUE NOT ALLOWED
null_value_not_allowed
TRIGGER PROTOCOL VIOLATED
trigger_protocol_violated
SRF PROTOCOL VIOLATED
srf_protocol_violated
Class 3B & Savepoint Exception
SAVEPOINT EXCEPTION
savepoint_exception
INVALID SAVEPOINT SPECIFICATION
invalid_savepoint_specification
Class 3D & Invalid Catalog Name
INVALID CATALOG NAME
invalid_catalog_name
Class 3F & Invalid Schema Name
INVALID SCHEMA NAME
invalid_schema_name
Class 40 & Transaction Rollback
TRANSACTION ROLLBACK
transaction_rollback
TRANSACTION INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT VIOLATION
transaction_integrity_constraint_violation
SERIALIZATION FAILURE
serialization_failure
STATEMENT COMPLETION UNKNOWN
statement_completion_unknown
DEADLOCK DETECTED
deadlock_detected
Class 42 & Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
SYNTAX ERROR OR ACCESS RULE VIOLATION
syntax_error_or_access_rule_violation
SYNTAX ERROR
syntax_error
INSUFFICIENT PRIVILEGE
insufficient_privilege
CANNOT COERCE
cannot_coerce
GROUPING ERROR
grouping_error
WINDOWING ERROR
windowing_error
INVALID RECURSION
invalid_recursion
INVALID FOREIGN KEY
invalid_foreign_key
INVALID NAME
invalid_name
NAME TOO LONG
name_too_long
RESERVED NAME
reserved_name
DATATYPE MISMATCH
datatype_mismatch
INDETERMINATE DATATYPE
indeterminate_datatype
WRONG OBJECT TYPE
wrong_object_type
UNDEFINED COLUMN
undefined_column
UNDEFINED FUNCTION
undefined_function
UNDEFINED TABLE
undefined_table
UNDEFINED PARAMETER
undefined_parameter
UNDEFINED OBJECT
undefined_object
DUPLICATE COLUMN
duplicate_column
DUPLICATE CURSOR
duplicate_cursor
DUPLICATE DATABASE
duplicate_database
DUPLICATE FUNCTION
duplicate_function
DUPLICATE PREPARED STATEMENT
duplicate_prepared_statement
DUPLICATE SCHEMA
duplicate_schema
DUPLICATE TABLE
duplicate_table
DUPLICATE ALIAS
duplicate_alias
DUPLICATE OBJECT
duplicate_object
AMBIGUOUS COLUMN
ambiguous_column
AMBIGUOUS FUNCTION
ambiguous_function
AMBIGUOUS PARAMETER
ambiguous_parameter
AMBIGUOUS ALIAS
ambiguous_alias
INVALID COLUMN REFERENCE
invalid_column_reference
INVALID COLUMN DEFINITION
invalid_column_definition
INVALID CURSOR DEFINITION
invalid_cursor_definition
INVALID DATABASE DEFINITION
invalid_database_definition
INVALID FUNCTION DEFINITION
invalid_function_definition
INVALID PREPARED STATEMENT DEFINITION
invalid_prepared_statement_definition
INVALID SCHEMA DEFINITION
invalid_schema_definition
INVALID TABLE DEFINITION
invalid_table_definition
INVALID OBJECT DEFINITION
invalid_object_definition
Class 44 & WITH CHECK OPTION Violation
WITH CHECK OPTION VIOLATION
with_check_option_violation
Class 53 & Insufficient Resources
INSUFFICIENT RESOURCES
insufficient_resources
OUT OF MEMORY
out_of_memory
TOO MANY CONNECTIONS
too_many_connections
Class 54 & Program Limit Exceeded
PROGRAM LIMIT EXCEEDED
program_limit_exceeded
STATEMENT TOO COMPLEX
statement_too_complex
TOO MANY COLUMNS
too_many_columns
TOO MANY ARGUMENTS
too_many_arguments
Class 55 & Object Not In Prerequisite State
OBJECT NOT IN PREREQUISITE STATE
object_not_in_prerequisite_state
OBJECT IN USE
object_in_use
CANT CHANGE RUNTIME PARAM
cant_change_runtime_param
LOCK NOT AVAILABLE
lock_not_available
Class 57 & Operator Intervention
OPERATOR INTERVENTION
operator_intervention
QUERY CANCELED
query_canceled
ADMIN SHUTDOWN
admin_shutdown
CRASH SHUTDOWN
crash_shutdown
CANNOT CONNECT NOW
cannot_connect_now
Class 58 & System Error (errors external to PostgreSQL
UNDEFINED FILE
undefined_file
DUPLICATE FILE
duplicate_file
Class F0 & Configuration File Error
CONFIG FILE ERROR
config_file_error
LOCK FILE EXISTS
lock_file_exists
Class P0 & PL/pgSQL Error
PLPGSQL ERROR
plpgsql_error
RAISE EXCEPTION
raise_exception
NO DATA FOUND
no_data_found
TOO MANY ROWS
too_many_rows
Class XX & Internal Error
INTERNAL ERROR
internal_error
DATA CORRUPTED
data_corrupted
INDEX CORRUPTED
index_corrupted
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