我的归纳：it/one/that的用法和区别
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我的归纳：it/one/that的用法和区别
I. it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。
I h I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I h I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了）
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）
II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／ that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair）
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）
III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people）
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）
These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）
IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。
The one ／That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That）
He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that）
He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones ／those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）
V. one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。
Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors.
The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.
VI. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.
I found it hard to get on with her.
VII. it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one ／ones则不可以。
H I'll never forget it. （it代替第一分句）
Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. （it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house）
Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. （That代替前面表述的内容）
〔相关练习〕
1. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
2. I find _____ easy enough to get on with Pam.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
3. If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do_____.
A. those B. which C. these D. it
4. I haven't a pen. Can you lend me_____?
A. these B. those C. them D. one
5. _____ is necessary that I get the text of my revision typed.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
6. I took _____ for granted that you would stay with us.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
7. Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
8. Of all my old friends, the only _____ I saw much of was Betty.
A. it B. that C. one D. this
Key: 1—8ADDDDACCthat和one的区别
that和one的区别
Though a bit more expensive,a dress made of pure silk is more comfortable to wear than _____ made of synthetic material.
A.that B.those are C.which is D.one
Though a bit more expensive,a dress made of pure silk is more comfortable to wear than __D___ made of synthetic （合成的,人造的）material.
A.that 那件B.those are那些 C.which is定语从句不可以用，不完整 D.one一件
这里你不清楚的是A和D。这里用that不合适，因为one是同类事物不同地点不同所有权时候的指代，补全了是one dress。代词that指代的是同一个物品，或者是独一无二的无法区分相同或者不同名词。比如the weather here is hotter than that of Beijing.可用来代替前面提到的事物（单数名词或者不可数名词），以避免重复这个名词，但必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置定语。如：
Their cotton output (产量) of 1999 was double that of 1998 .
The sweater he wears today is different from that he wore yesterday .
The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar .
参考文献：.cn/calendula28
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one 和that作代词时的区别
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one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个,属于同一类而不是同一个事物.that 常用在比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复.
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其他类似问题
one 1. (特指的一类或一群人中的)一人，人2. (泛指)一个人，任何人3. (特定某类中的)一件东西that : 那；那个;(指提到的或知道的人或物)Blue is one of these colours.No one had any answers to that.
one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，即泛指，that既可代替特指的单数可数名词，也可代替特指的不可数名词，
one用来代指上文提到的可数名词单数表同类，that 用来代指上文提到的不可数名词
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代词one,that和it的区别和用法
代词比较辩异&one，that&和it& 　one表示泛指，that和it&表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it&与所指名词为同一个。 　I&can&t&find&my&hat.&I&think&I&must&buy&one.　(不定) 　我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。 　The&hat&you&bought&is&bigger&than&that&I&bought.　(同类但不同个) 　你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 　 　I&can&t&find&my&hat.&I&don&&t&know&where&I&put&it.　(&同一物) 　我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 &&&one/another/the&other& 　one&&the&other　只有两个　　　　　　　　 　some&&the&others　&有三个以上 　one&&another，another& 　some&&others，others& 　others&=&other&people/things 　the&others&=&the&rest　剩余的全部 　 　1)&泛指另一个用another。& 　2)&一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the&other。 　3)&一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one&(another)，第三个可用the&other，a&third。 　4)&一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the&others。 　5)&泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。
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