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NSArray and its subclass NSMutableArray manage&ordered collections
of objects called&arrays.
NSArray creates&static
arrays, and&NSMutableArray creates dynamic arrays.&
You can use arrays when you need an ordered collection of objects.
NSArray 用于保存对象的有序集合，但只能保存&OC 对象（继承自
NSObject 的 interface）。由于&Objective-C++ 是动态定型（dynamically typed），继承自NSObject 的 interface type cannot be statically allocated。因此 NSArray 本质上保存的是id，即 NSObject* 泛型指针。最新版
SDK 头文件已将数组元素声明为支持 &ObjectType& 协议的类型，数组作为参数则声明为 NSArray&ObjectType&。
Cocoa 的 NSArray 是基于 C 底层 CFArray/CFArrayRef 实现的，NSArray 可以看做是一个 CFArrayRef 的 Wrapper类。
__NSArrayI（Immutable）是NSArray的真正类型（_internal），__NSArrayM（Mutable）是NSMutableArray的真正类型（_internal）。
@interface NSArray&__covariant ObjectType& : NSObject &NSCopying, NSMutableCopying, NSSecureCoding, NSFastEnumeration&
@interface NSMutableArray&ObjectType& : NSArray&ObjectType&
C&原生数据类型（Native Data Type：&int,char,double,etc）不能直接作为 NSArray
元素，它们必须通过装箱（boxing）成 NSNumber、NSString 或 NSValue 等 OC 对象才能纳入 OC 数组存储。
在苹果 WWDC2012 大会上介绍了大量 Objective-C 的新特性，其中有一点就是（参考、、），它允许你在//及以上平台方便地基于字面量定义数字、数组和字典常量对象。
Three new features were introduced into clang at the same time:
- NSNumber Literals provide a syntax for creating NSNumber from scalar
- Collection Literals provide a short-hand for creating arr
- Object Subscripting provides a way to use subscripting with Objective-C objects.
Users of Apple compiler releases can use these features starting with the Apple LLVM Compiler 4.0.
Users of open-source LLVM.org compiler releases can use these features starting with clang v3.1.
APPLE&&&前端（参考、）支持字面语法，它使用简化符号&&声明编译器指令来定义对象，类似
java5 提供的 auto boxing 功能。这虽然是一个语法糖，但对提高写代码效率帮助很大。
以下代码片段基于字面量语法快捷初始化数组（NSArray）：
NSNumber* noChar
= @'X';
// [NSNumber numberWithChar:'X'];
NSNumber* noInt
// [NSNumber numberWithInt:12345];
NSNumber* noLL
= @12345 // [NSNumber numberWithLong:12345];
NSNumber* noUL
= @12345 // [NSNumber numberWithLong:12345];
NSNumber* noFloat
= @123.45f; // [NSNumber numberWithFloat:123.45f];
NSNumber* noDouble
= @123.45;
// [NSNumber numberWithDouble:123.45];
NSNumber* noBool
// [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES];
NSInteger year
// sizeof(NSInteger)=8 under __LP64__
NSNumber* noInteger = @(year);
// [NSNumber numberWithLong:2016];
NSString* strMonth
NSArray* array = @[noInteger, strMonth, noBool, noUL, noChar]; // 都是NSObject对象
NSLog(@&array = %@&, array);
@(var)：动态评估封装的表达，并返回基于变量var值的合适的对象常量。例如：const char*返回NSString，int返回NSNumber，etc。
&1.创建初始化（NSArrayCreation）
Each object in array simply receives a&retain message when it is added to the returned array using&initWith*/arrayWith*
After an&immutable array has been initialized in the following way, it&cannot be modified.
1.1 Initializing an Array(NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER)
// Initializes a newly allocated array. Not recommended for immutable array as
it's empty!
- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType[])objects count:(NSUInteger)cnt NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(ObjectType)firstObj, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION;
- (instancetype)initWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)
// If YES, each object in array receives a copyWithZone: message to create a copy of the object instead of the retain message.
- (instancetype)initWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)array copyItems:(BOOL)以下是比较常用的初始化方法：
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(ObjectType)firstObj,
...&NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION;
1.2 Creating an Array(autorelease)
// Creates and returns an empty array. This method is used by mutable subclasses of NSArray.
+ (instancetype)
+ (instancetype)arrayWithObject:(ObjectType)anO
+ (instancetype)arrayWithObjects:(const ObjectType[])objects count:(NSUInteger) // initWithObjects:count:
+ (instancetype)arrayWithObjects:(ObjectType)firstObj, ...NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION; // initWithObjects:count:
+ (instancetype)arrayWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *) // initWithArray:
以下是比较常用的类方法便利构造方法：
+ (instancetype)arrayWithObjects:(ObjectType)firstObj,
...NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION;&// initWithObjects:count:
+ (instancetype)arrayWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType&&*)&//
initWithArray:
2.访问数组（Querying）
2.1&数组描述
@property (readonly,copy)NSString *
例如以下代码可以在调试时打印数组（中各个元素的描述）：
NSArray* array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@&e0&,@&e1&,@&e2&,@&e3&,@&e4&,@&e5&,@&e6&,nil];
NSLog(@&array = %@&, array);
NSLog(@&array = %@&, array.description);
2.2&数组大小
//返回数组所包含的元素（NSObject对象）个数（The number of objects in the array.）
@property (readonly) NSUI
可以基于array.count对数组进行判空：如果array.count=0，则表示数组对象为nil或不包含任何元素。
说明：在Objective-C中是的。
2.3&数组元素
// 返回数组第一个/最后一个元素。
// If the array is empty, returns nil.
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly) ObjectType firstObject NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly) ObjectType lastO
// 判断数组是否包含某个元素（按值查询）。
// YES if anObject is present in the array, otherwise NO.
- (BOOL)containsObject:(ObjectType)anO
// 返回数组指定索引位置的元素，索引范围为[0, count-1]
// Returns the object located at the specified index.
- (ObjectType)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)
// operator []：相当于中括号下标访问格式（array[index]），返回指定索引元素。等效于 objectAtIndex。
// Returns the object at the specified index.
- (ObjectType)objectAtIndexedSubscript:(NSUInteger)idx NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0);
// 返回数组指定索引集的元素组成的子数组
// Returns an array containing the objects in the array at the indexes specified by a given index set.
- (NSArray&ObjectType& *)objectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)
objectAtIndex：方法用于快速返回指定索引位置的元素，也可直接使用&operator [] 下标格式访问；firstObject&和&lastObject&属性用于快捷访问数组的首、尾元素。containsObject：方法用于按值搜索查询数组是否包含某个元素，用于一些预判防止重复 addObject 的场合。
可以基于 array.firstObject 对数组进行判空：如果第一个元素都为空，那么数组无疑为空（数组对象为nil或不包含任何元素）。
以下代码获取第2、4、6个元素子数组：
NSMutableIndexSet* indexSet = [NSMutableIndexSet indexSet];
[indexSet addIndex:1];
[indexSet addIndex:3];
[indexSet addIndex:5];
NSArray* subArray = [array objectsAtIndexes:indexSet];
NSLog(@&subArray= %@&, subArray);等效于：
// objectAtIndexedSubscript
NSArray* subArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[array objectAtIndex:1], [array objectAtIndex:3], [array objectAtIndex:5], nil];
// &span class=&s1&&operator&/span&&span class=&s2&& [] &/span&下标写法
NSArray* subArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:array[1], array[3], array[5], nil];
// 简化字面量语法
NSArray* subArray = @[array[1], array[3], array[5]];
2.4遍历数组
（1）索引遍历
// 倒序：for (NSInteger index=array.count-1; index&=0; index--)
for (NSUInteger index=0; index&array. index++)
NSLog(@&array[%zd] = %@&, index, [array objectAtIndex:index]); // array[index]
（2）枚举遍历
// 倒序：reverseObjectEnumerator
NSEnumerator* enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
while (e = [enumerator nextObject])
NSLog(@&e = %@&, e);
for (id e in enumerator) {
NSLog(@&e = %@&,e);
使用代码块传递遍历操作：
- (void)enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:(void (^)(id
obj,NSUInteger idx,BOOL *stop))block&NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0);
// 示例1：枚举遍历
[array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^ (id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop){
NSLog(@&obj = %@&, obj);
// 示例2：枚举遍历，遇到符合条件的元素（obj=array[idx]）即退出遍历。
[array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^ (id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop){
if ([obj isEqualToString:@&e3&]) {
*stop = YES; // 中止遍历， break
*stop = NO; // 继续遍历，continue
以上版本默认是顺序同步遍历，另外一个版本可以指定&NSEnumerationOptions&参数：
typedefNS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSEnumerationOptions) {
NSEnumerationConcurrent = (1UL &&0),// block并发
NSEnumerationReverse = (1UL &&1),//倒序
（3）快速遍历
for (id e in array) {
NSLog(@&e = %@&, e);
3.查询数组（Indexing）
3.1 indexOfObject(IdenticalTo)
// 在数组（或指定范围）中，测试指定的对象是否在数组中（按值查询）
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(ObjectType)anO // 同containsObject
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(ObjectType)anObject inRange:(NSRange)
// 测试指定的对象是否在数组中（按指针查询）
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObjectIdenticalTo:(ObjectType)anO
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObjectIdenticalTo:(ObjectType)anObject inRange:(NSRange)
3.2 indexOfObject(s)PassingTest
使用代码块传递遍历操作过滤条件：
//查找数组中第一个符合条件的对象（代码块过滤），返回对应索引
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObjectPassingTest:(BOOL (^)(id obj,NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))predicate NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0);
以下代码用于获取值等于@&e3&的元素索引：
NSUInteger index = [array indexOfObjectPassingTest:^BOOL(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
if ([obj isEqualToString:@&e3&]) {
return YES;
*stop = YES; // 中止遍历，break
*stop = NO; // 继续遍历，continue
查找数组中所有符合条件的对象（代码块过滤），返回对应索引集合：
- (NSIndexSet *)indexesOfObjectsPassingTest:(BOOL (^)(id obj,NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)) predicate NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0);
以上indexesOfObjectPassingTest/ indexesOfObjectsPassingTest版本默认是顺序同步遍历，它们都有另外可以指定NSEnumerationOptions参数的扩展版本。
indexOfObjectAtIndexes:options:passingTest:和indexOfObjectsAtIndexes:options:passingTest:则是指定索引集合内查找并返回索引（集合）。
3.3 firstObjectCommonWithArray
// 查找与给定数组中第一个相同的对象（按值）
// Returns the first object contained in the receiving array that’s equal to an object in another given array.
- (nullable ObjectType)firstObjectCommonWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)otherA
id fo = [array firstObjectCommonWithArray:subArray];
NSLog(@&fo= %@&, fo); // e1
4.衍生数组（Deriving）
4.1 subArray
// 返回指定范围（起始索引、长度）的子数组
// Returns a new array containing the receiving array’s elements that fall within the limits specified by a given range.
- (NSArray&ObjectType& *)subarrayWithRange:(NSRange)以下代码获取数组前一半子数组：
//return the first half of the whole array
NSArray* subArray = [array subarrayWithRange:NSMakeRange(0,array.count/2)];
NSLog(@&subArray= %@&, subArray);
4.2 arrayByAdding
// 在当前数组追加元素或数组，并返回新数组对象
// Returns a new array that is a copy of the receiving array with a given object(the objects contained in another array) added to the end.
- (NSArray&ObjectType& *) arrayByAddingObject:(id)anO
- (NSArray&ObjectType& *) arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)otherA
5.可变数组（NSMutableArray）
5.1 Initializing an Array(NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER)
除了继承NSArray基本的init，还增加了以下指定初始化函数
- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItemsNS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
5.2 addObject
//尾部追加一个元素
- (void)addObject:(ObjectType)anO
//尾部追加一个数组
- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)otherA
5.3 insertObject
//在指定索引处插入一个元素，原来的元素后移
// index取值范围=[0, count]，index=count时相当于addObject
- (void)insertObject:(ObjectType)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)
//在指定索引集合处插入一个数组元素，相当于批次insertObject: atIndex:
- (void)insertObjects:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)objects atIndexes:(NSIndexSet*)
5.4 exchangeObject/replaceObject
//交换对应索引位置的元素（索引必须有效）
- (void)exchangeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1 withObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
//替换对应索引位置的元素（索引必须有效）
- (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(ObjectType)anO
//替换对应索引集合位置的元素，相当于批次replaceObjectAtIndex: withObject:
- (void)replaceObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes withObjects:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)
//等效于replaceObjectAtIndex，支持中括号下标格式（array[index]）赋值替换。
// index取值范围=[0, count]，index=count时相当于addObject
- (void)setObject:(ObjectType)obj atIndexedSubscript:(NSUInteger)idx NS_AVAILABLE(10_8,6_0);
//等效于先removeAllObjects后addObjectsFromArray
- (void)setArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)otherA
5.5 removeObject&
- (void)removeLastO
//删除对应索引位置/范围的元素（索引/范围必须有效）
- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)
- (void)removeObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)
- (void)removeObjectsInRange:(NSRange)//有则删除
- (void)removeObject:(ObjectType)anO
- (void)removeObject:(ObjectType)anObject inRange:(NSRange)
- (void)removeObjectsInArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)otherA // 对照 removeObjectsAtIndexes
- (void)removeAllO // Empties the array of all its elements.
NSMutableArray 的 addObject 会对纳入管理的 obj 发送retain 消息。
NSMutableArray 的 removeObject 会对 obj 发送release 消息（解除引用关系）。
NSMutableArray 的 release 或removeAllObjects 会对所有元素发送release 消息。
6.数组排序（Sorting）
6.1 Using Selector(-[NSArray(NSExtendedArray) sortedArrayUsingSelector:])
针对 NSDictionary 或自定义的数据模型 FileModel 可自定义实现 compare: 方法，然后将其作为分类 SEL（comparator）。
@interface FileModel : NSObject
_ // uint64_t
@property (nonatomic, assign) UInt64
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString* cnN
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString* enN
-(NSComparisonResult)compare:(FileModel*)otherF
@implementation FileModel
-(NSComparisonResult)compare:(FileModel*)otherFile
// only if self.time &= otherFile.time, it will return NSOrderedAscending=-1(!YES,NO)，升序。
// return self.time & otherFile.
// if otherFile.time & self.time, return NSOrderedAscending，升序。
// return [@(self.time) compare:@(otherFile.time)];
// only if self.time &= otherFile.time, it will return NSOrderedAscending=-1(!YES,NO)，降序。
// return self.time & otherFile.
// if self.time & otherFile.time, return NSOrderedAscending，降序。
return [@(otherFile.time) compare:@(self.time)];
@end以下按照文件列表（NSMutableArray&FileModel*&*
fileList）的时间戳进行降序排列，从近到远展示文件：
// Returns an array that lists the receiving array’s elements in ascending order,
// as determined by the comparison method specified by a given selector.
// The new array contains references to the receiving array’s elements, not copies of them.
// The comparator message is sent to each object in the array and has as its single argument another object in the array.
NSLog(@&-[NSArray(NSExtendedArray) sortedArrayUsingSelector:]&);
NSArray* sortedArrayUsingSelector = [fileList sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSEnumerator* enumerator = [sortedArrayUsingSelector objectEnumerator];
FileModel* file =
while (file = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@&{%llu, %@, %@}&, file.time, file.enName, Name);
NSLog(@&--------------------------------------------------&);
6.2 Using Descriptor(-[NSArray(NSSortDescriptorSorting) sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:])
可基于属性 key path 定义&NSSortDescriptor 对象，按照主、次 key 对数组进行多维排序。例如，以下基于文件的中文名称排序；当中文名称一样时，基于英文名称排序。
// Returns a copy of the receiving array sorted as specified by a given array of sort descriptors.
// The first descriptor specifies the primary key path to be used in sorting the receiving array’s contents.
// Any subsequent descriptors are used to further refine sorting of objects with duplicate values.
NSSortDescriptor* primaryDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@&cnName& ascending:YES];
NSSortDescriptor* secondaryDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@&enName& ascending:YES];
NSArray* sortDescriptors = @[primaryDescriptor, secondaryDescriptor];
NSArray* sortedArrayUsingDescriptors = [fileList sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:sortDescriptors];
NSLog(@&-[NSArray(NSSortDescriptorSorting) sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:]&);
[sortedArrayUsingDescriptors enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id
_Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
FileModel* file =
NSLog(@&{%@, %@, %llu}&, Name, file.enName, file.time);
NSLog(@&--------------------------------------------------&);
6.3 Using Comparator(-[NSMutableArray(NSExtendedMutableArray) sortUsingComparator:])
若数据模型的属性可基于&NSComparator （即 6.1 中的分类 SEL[comparator]）进行排序，则可调用
sortUsingComparator 方法直接对数组进行排序。
// Sorts the receiver in ascending order using the comparison method
// specified by a given NSComparator block.
[fileList sortUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id
_Nonnull f1, id
_Nonnull f2) {
FileModel* firstFile = f1;
FileModel* secondFile = f2;
// return firstFile.time & secondFile. // NSOrderedAscending
return [@(secondFile.time) compare:@(firstFile.time)];
NSLog(@&-[NSMutableArray(NSExtendedMutableArray) sortUsingComparator:]&);
for (FileModel* file in fileList) {
NSLog(@&{%llu, %@, %@}&, file.time, file.enName, Name);
}相对于 SEL 和 Descriptor，该方法直接将数组内部的元素排好序，而非返回 copy，使用时可根据需要选择。
7.常用数组
最后，本节简要梳理 iOS 日常开发使用最频繁的基础库（Foundation.framework）和界面库（UIKit.framework）中的数组呈现，透过其开放出来的数组存储聚合，也能管中窥豹，略览组件基础类的内部组织构建和管理功能要点。
7.1 复合构成元素(NSBundle、NSThread)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSBundle
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface NSBundle : NSObject
+ (NSBundle *)mainB
// Returns an array of all the application’s non-framework bundles.
+ (NSArray&NSBundle *& *)allB
// Returns an array of all of the application’s bundles that represent frameworks.
+ (NSArray&NSBundle *& *)allF
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSThread
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface NSThread : NSObject
// Returns an array containing the call stack return addresses.
+ (NSArray&NSNumber *& *)callStackReturnAddresses NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
// Returns an array containing the call stack symbols.
// Each element is an NSString object with a value in a format determined by the backtrace_symbols() function.
+ (NSArray&NSString *& *)callStackSymbols NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
7.2 操作队列结构(NSOperationQueue)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSOperation
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0)
@interface NSOperation : NSObject
// An array of the operation objects that must finish executing before the current object can begin executing.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&NSOperation *& *
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0)
@interface NSBlockOperation : NSOperation
+ (instancetype)blockOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))
- (void)addExecutionBlock:(void (^)(void))
// return the blocks associated with the receiver.
// The blocks in this array are copies of those originally added using the addExecutionBlock: method.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&void (^)(void)& *executionB
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0)
@interface NSOperationQueue : NSObject
- (void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)
// return an array of the operations currently in the queue.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&__kindof NSOperation *& *
@property (readonly) NSUInteger operationCount NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
@property NSInteger maxConcurrentOperationC
7.3&存储结构及解构(NSUserDefaults、NSString)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSUserDefaults
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface NSUserDefaults : NSObject
/// -arrayForKey: is equivalent to -objectForKey:, except that it will return nil if the value is not an NSArray.
- (nullable NSArray *)arrayForKey:(NSString *)defaultN
/// -stringForKey: is equivalent to -objectForKey:, except that it will return nil if the value is not an NSArray&NSString *&. Note that unlike -stringForKey:, NSNumbers are not converted to NSStrings.
- (nullable NSArray&NSString *& *)stringArrayForKey:(NSString *)defaultN
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSString
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface NSString : NSObject &NSCopying, NSMutableCopying, NSSecureCoding&
// Returns an array containing substrings from the receiver that have been divided by a given separator.
- (NSArray&NSString *& *)componentsSeparatedByString:(NSString *)
// Returns an array containing substrings from the receiver that have been divided by characters in a given set.
- (NSArray&NSString *& *)componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:(NSCharacterSet *)separator NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
7.4 容器元素集合(NSHashTable、NSSet、NSDictionary)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSHashTable
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 6_0)
@interface NSHashTable&ObjectType& : NSObject &NSCopying, NSCoding, NSFastEnumeration&
// convenience, return the hash table’s members.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&ObjectType& *allO
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface NSSet&__covariant ObjectType& : NSObject &NSCopying, NSMutableCopying, NSSecureCoding, NSFastEnumeration&
@interface NSSet&ObjectType& (NSExtendedSet)
// return an array containing the set’s members.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&ObjectType& *allO
- (NSSet&ObjectType& *)setByAddingObjectsFromArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)other NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
@interface NSSet&ObjectType& (NSSetCreation)
// Creates and returns a set containing a uniqued collection of the objects contained in a given array.
If the same object appears more than once in array, it is added only once to the returned set.
+ (instancetype)setWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)
- (instancetype)initWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)
@interface NSMutableSet&ObjectType& (NSExtendedMutableSet)
- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)
/****************
Counted Set ****************/
@interface NSCountedSet&ObjectType& : NSMutableSet&ObjectType&
// Returns a counted set object initialized with the contents of a given array.
- (instancetype)initWithArray:(NSArray&ObjectType& *)
- (instancetype)initWithSet:(NSSet&ObjectType& *)
- (NSUInteger)countForObject:(ObjectType)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NSDictionary
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface NSDictionary&KeyType, ObjectType& (NSExtendedDictionary)
// return a new array containing the dictionary’s keys, or an empty array if the dictionary has no entries.
// The order of the elements in the array is not defined.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&KeyType& *allK
// Returns a new array containing the keys corresponding to all occurrences of a given object in the dictionary.
- (NSArray&KeyType& *)allKeysForObject:(ObjectType)anO
// return a new array containing the dictionary’s values, or an empty array if the dictionary has no entries.
// The order of the values in the array isn’t defined.
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray&ObjectType& *allV
- (NSArray&ObjectType& *)objectsForKeys:(NSArray&KeyType& *)keys notFoundMarker:(ObjectType)
- (NSArray&KeyType& *)keysSortedByValueUsingSelector:(SEL)
7.5 应用构件组成(UIScreen、UIApplication)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIScreen
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UIScreen : NSObject &UITraitEnvironment&
// all screens currently attached to the device
+ (NSArray&UIScreen *& *)screens NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);
+ (UIScreen *)mainS // the device's internal screen
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIApplication
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UIApplication : UIResponder
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly) UIWindow *keyW
// The app’s visible and hidden windows.
@property(nonatomic,readonly) NSArray&__kindof UIWindow *&
7.6 视图导航控制堆栈(UIViewController、UINavigationViewController)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIViewController
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface UIViewController (UIContainerViewControllerProtectedMethods)
// An array of children view controllers. This array does not include any presented view controllers.
@property(nonatomic,readonly) NSArray&__kindof UIViewController *& *childViewControllers NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UINavigationController: stack of UIViewController
// The UINavigationController class implements a specialized view controller that manages the navigation of hierarchical content.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UINavigationController : UIViewController
// The current view controller stack.
@property(nonatomic,copy) NSArray&__kindof UIViewController *& *viewC
// The navigation bar managed by the controller.
// Pushing, popping or setting navigation items on a managed navigation bar is not supported.
@property(nonatomic,readonly) UINavigationBar *navigationB
// For use when presenting an action sheet.
@property(null_resettable,nonatomic,readonly) UIToolbar *toolbar NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
@interface UIViewController (UINavigationControllerItem)
// Created on-demand so that a view controller may customize its navigation appearance.
// for UIViewController if navigation needed
@property(nonatomic,readonly,strong) UINavigationItem *navigationI
// If YES, then when this view controller is pushed into a controller hierarchy with a bottom bar (like a tab bar), the bottom bar will slide out. Default is NO.
@property(nonatomic) BOOL hidesBottomBarWhenPushed __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
@interface UIViewController (UINavigationControllerContextualToolbarItems)
@property (nullable, nonatomic, strong) NSArray&__kindof UIBarButtonItem *& *toolbarItems NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UINavigationBar: stack of UINavigationItem
// The UINavigationBar class provides a control for navigating hierarchical content.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UINavigationBar : UIView &NSCoding, UIBarPositioning&
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UINavigationItem *topI // the top of the navigation bar's stack
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UINavigationItem *backI // immediately below the topmost item on navigation bar's stack
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray&UINavigationItem *& *
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UINavigationItem
A UINavigationItem object manages the buttons and views to be displayed in a UINavigationBar object.
When building a navigation interface, each view controller pushed onto the navigation stack
must have a UINavigationItem object that contains the buttons and views
it wants displayed in the navigation bar.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UINavigationItem : NSObject &NSCoding&
- (instancetype)initWithTitle:(NSString *)title NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
// Title when topmost on the stack. default is nil
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)
// Custom view to use in lieu of a title. May be sized horizontally.
// Only used when item is topmost on the stack.
@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIView
*titleV // 可定制标题栏
// Explanatory text to display above the navigation bar buttons.
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy)
NSString *prompt __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
// Bar button item to use for the back button in the child navigation item.
@property(nullable,nonatomic,strong) UIBarButtonItem *backBarButtonItem __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
// 可定制导航栏左侧按钮项
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray&UIBarButtonItem *& *leftBarButtonItems NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
// 可定制导航栏右侧按钮项
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray&UIBarButtonItem *& *rightBarButtonItems NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIToolbar
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED @interface UIToolbar : UIView &UIBarPositioning&
// default is UIBarStyleDefault (blue)
@property(nonatomic) UIBarStyle barStyle __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
// get/set visible UIBarButtonItem. default is nil. changes not animated. shown in order
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray&UIBarButtonItem *& *
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UITabBarController
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UITabBarController : UIViewController &UITabBarDelegate, NSCoding&
// An array of the root view controllers displayed by the tab bar interface.
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy) NSArray&__kindof UIViewController *& *viewC
// Provided for -[UIActionSheet showFromTabBar:].
// Attempting to modify the contents of the tab bar directly will throw an exception.
@property(nonatomic,readonly) UITabBar *tabBar NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UITabBar
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UITabBar : UIView
// get/set visible UITabBarItems. default is nil.
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray&UITabBarItem *& *
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UISplitViewController
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2) @interface UISplitViewController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray&__kindof UIViewController *& *viewC
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIAlertController
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0) @interface UIAlertController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray&UIAlertAction *& *
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly) NSArray&UITextField *& *textF
7.7 视图元素布局层次(UIView、UIControl)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIResponder
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@interface UIResponder (UIResponderKeyCommands)
@property (nullable,nonatomic,readonly) NSArray&UIKeyCommand *& *keyCommands NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0); // returns an array of UIKeyCommand objects&
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UIView : UIResponder &NSCoding, UIAppearance, UIAppearanceContainer, UIDynamicItem, UITraitEnvironment, UICoordinateSpace, UIFocusEnvironment&
@interface UIView(UIViewHierarchy)
@property(nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSArray&__kindof UIView *& *
@interface UIView (UIViewGestureRecognizers)
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy) NSArray&__kindof UIGestureRecognizer *& *gestureRecognizers NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);
@interface UIView (UIViewMotionEffects)
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSArray&__kindof UIMotionEffect *& *motionEffects NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
@interface UIView (UIConstraintBasedLayoutInstallingConstraints)
@property(nonatomic,readonly) NSArray&__kindof NSLayoutConstraint *& *constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);
@interface UIView (UILayoutGuideSupport)
// UILayoutGuide objects owned by the receiver.
@property(nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSArray&__kindof UILayoutGuide *& *layoutGuides NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIStackView
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0)
@interface UIStackView : UIView
@property(nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSArray&__kindof UIView *& *arrangedS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UITableView
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UITableView : UIScrollView &NSCoding&
- (nullable NSArray&NSIndexPath *& *)indexPathsForRowsInRect:(CGRect) // returns nil if rect not valid
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray&__kindof UITableViewCell *& *visibleC
@property (nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSArray&NSIndexPath *& *indexPathsForVisibleR
@property (nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSArray&NSIndexPath *& *indexPathsForSelectedRows NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0); // returns nil or a set of index paths representing the sections and rows of the selection.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UIControl
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UIControl : UIView
// get info about target & actions. this makes it possible to enumerate all target/actions by checking for each event kind
- (NSSet *)allT // set may include NSNull to indicate at least one nil target
- (UIControlEvents)allControlE // list of all events that have at least one action
- (nullable NSArray&NSString *& *)actionsForTarget:(nullable id)target forControlEvent:(UIControlEvents)controlE // single event. returns NSArray of NSString selector names. returns nil if none
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UISegmentedControl
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UISegmentedControl : UIControl &NSCoding&
- (instancetype)initWithItems:(nullable NSArray *) // items can be NSStrings or UIImages. control is automatically sized to fit content
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