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ANSYS Mechanical APDL Operations Guide v15.0
ANSYS Mechanical APDL Operations GuideANSYS, Inc. Southpointe 275 Technology Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317
http://www.ansys.com (T) 724-746-3304 (F) 724-514-9494Release 15.0 November 2013ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO .Copyright and Trademark Information? 2013 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohibited. ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Ansoft, AUTODYN, EKM, Engineering Knowledge Manager, CFX, FLUENT, HFSS and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD is a trademark used by ANSYS, Inc. under license. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. All other brand, product, service and feature names or trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Disclaimer NoticeTHIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, OR LICENSORS. The software products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software license agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, compliance with exporting laws, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions. The software products and documentation may be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that software license agreement. ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO .U.S. Government RightsFor U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement and FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses).Third-Party SoftwareSee the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS proprietary software and third-party software. If you are unable to access the Legal Notice, please contact ANSYS, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.Table of Contents1. Introducing ANSYS .................................................................................................................................. 1 2. The ANSYS Environment ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Entering a Processor ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Exiting from a Processor or ANSYS ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1. Stopping the Input of a File ...................................................................................................... 4 2.3. The ANSYS Database ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1. Defining or Deleting Database Items ........................................................................................ 5 2.3.2. Saving the Database ................................................................................................................ 5 2.3.3. Restoring Database Contents ................................................................................................... 5 2.3.4. Using the Session Editor to Modify the Database ...................................................................... 6 2.3.5. Clearing the Database .............................................................................................................. 6 2.4. ANSYS Program Files ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.1. ANSYS File Types ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.4.2. The Jobname.LOG File .............................................................................................................. 8 2.5. Communicating With the ANSYS Program ......................................................................................... 8 2.5.1. Communicating Via the Graphical User Interface (GUI) .............................................................. 8 2.5.2. Communicating Via Commands ............................................................................................... 8 2.5.3. Command Defaults ................................................................................................................ 10 2.5.4. Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.5.5. Command Macro Files ............................................................................................................ 11 3. Running the ANSYS Program ................................................................................................................ 13 3.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Command Level ....................................................................... 13 3.2. The Mechanical APDL Product Launcher .......................................................................................... 16 3.2.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Start Menu/Launcher ....................................................... 16 3.2.1.1. Product Settings ............................................................................................................ 18 3.2.1.2. The File Management Tab .............................................................................................. 19 3.2.1.3. The Customization/Preferences Tab ................................................................................ 20 3.2.1.4. The High Performance Computing Setup Tab ................................................................. 22 3.2.2. Launcher Menu Options ......................................................................................................... 23 3.3. Interactive Mode ............................................................................................................................. 26 3.3.1. Executing the ANSYS or DISPLAY Programs from Windows Explorer ......................................... 26 3.4. Batch Mode .................................................................................................................................... 26 3.4.1. Starting a Batch Job from the Command Line ......................................................................... 27 3.5. Choosing an ANSYS Product via Command Line .............................................................................. 28 3.6. Setting Preferences with the start150.ans File .................................................................................. 28 3.6.1. The start150.ans File ....................................................................................................... 29 4. Using the GUI ........................................................................................................................................ 31 4.1. GUI Controls ................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.1. A Dialog Box and Its Components ........................................................................................... 31 4.1.1.1. Using Text Entry Boxes ................................................................................................... 31 4.1.1.2. Using Check Buttons ...................................................................................................... 32 4.1.1.3. Using Radio Buttons ...................................................................................................... 32 4.1.1.4. Using Option Buttons .................................................................................................... 32 4.1.1.5. Using Single-Selection Lists ........................................................................................... 33 4.1.1.6. Using Multiple-Selection Lists ........................................................................................ 33 4.1.1.7. Using Two-Column Selection Lists .................................................................................. 33 4.1.1.8. Using Tabbed Dialog Boxes ............................................................................................ 34 4.1.1.9. Using Drop-Down List Boxes .......................................................................................... 34 4.1.1.10. Using Tree Structures ................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1.11. Using Action Buttons ................................................................................................... 35Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.iiiOperations Guide 4.1.1.12. Entering a Mathematical Expressions in a Field ............................................................. 36 4.2. Activating the GUI ........................................................................................................................... 36 4.3. Layout of the GUI ............................................................................................................................ 36 4.3.1. The Utility Menu ..................................................................................................................... 38 4.3.2. The Standard Toolbar ............................................................................................................. 40 4.3.3. Command Input Options ....................................................................................................... 41 4.3.3.1. The Single Line Input Window ........................................................................................ 41 4.3.3.2. The Floating Command Window .................................................................................... 42 4.3.4. The Toolbar ............................................................................................................................ 42 4.3.4.1. Adding Buttons to the Toolbar ....................................................................................... 42 4.3.4.2. Creating Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 43 4.3.5. The Main Menu ...................................................................................................................... 44 4.3.5.1. Using Preferences to Set Menu Content ......................................................................... 44 4.3.5.2. Additional Usability Features ......................................................................................... 45 4.3.5.3. Main Menu Analysis Functions ....................................................................................... 45 4.3.5.4. Additional Main Menu Utilities ....................................................................................... 46 4.3.6. The Graphics Window ............................................................................................................. 46 4.3.6.1. Immediate Mode ........................................................................................................... 46 4.3.6.2. XOR Mode ..................................................................................................................... 46 4.3.6.3. Capture Image Feature .................................................................................................. 47 4.3.6.4. Right-mouse Button Context-sensitive Menus ................................................................ 47 4.3.7. The Output Window ............................................................................................................... 47 4.3.7.1. Using the Output Window on Linux Systems .................................................................. 47 4.3.7.2. Sizing and Positioning the Output Window on Windows Systems ................................... 48 4.3.8. Creating, Modifying and Positioning Toolbars .......................................................................... 48 4.3.8.1. Creating a Toolbar File ................................................................................................... 48 5. Graphical Picking .................................................................................................................................. 53 5.1. Locational and Retrieval Picking ...................................................................................................... 54 5.2. Query Picking ................................................................................................................................. 55 5.2.1.The Model Query Picker .......................................................................................................... 55 5.2.1.1. Annotation .................................................................................................................... 56 5.2.1.2. Action Buttons .............................................................................................................. 56 5.2.1.3. Tips on Using the Model Query Picker ............................................................................ 56 5.2.2. The Results Query Picker ........................................................................................................ 57 5.2.2.1. Annotation ................................................................................................................... 57 5.2.2.2. Action Buttons .............................................................................................................. 57 5.2.2.3. Tips on Using the Results Query Picker ........................................................................... 58 6. Customizing ANSYS and the GUI ........................................................................................................... 59 6.1. The Configuration File ..................................................................................................................... 59 6.2. Splitting Files Across File Partitions .................................................................................................. 60 6.3. Customizing the GUI ....................................................................................................................... 62 6.3.1. Changing the GUI Layout ....................................................................................................... 63 6.3.2. Changing Colors and Fonts ..................................................................................................... 63 6.3.3. Changing the GUI Components Shown at Start-Up ................................................................. 64 6.3.4. Changing the Mouse and Keyboard Focus .............................................................................. 64 6.3.5. Changing the Menu Hierarchy and Dialog Boxes Using UIDL ................................................... 64 6.3.6. Creating Dialog Boxes Using Tcl/Tk ......................................................................................... 65 6.4. ANSYS Neutral File Format .............................................................................................................. 65 6.4.1. Neutral File Specification ........................................................................................................ 65 6.4.1.1. Types of Geometric Models ............................................................................................ 65 6.4.1.2. The ANSYS Solid Model .................................................................................................. 66 6.4.1.3. ANSYS Neutral File Functions ......................................................................................... 67Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.ivOperations Guide 6.4.1.4. Wireframes, Individual Surfaces, and Individual Solids .................................................... 68 6.4.2. AUX15 Commands to Read Geometry Into the ANSYS database .............................................. 68 6.4.2.1. KPT Command .............................................................................................................. 68 6.4.2.2. The LCURV Command .................................................................................................... 69 6.4.2.3. ASURF Command .......................................................................................................... 71 6.4.2.4. The VBODY Command .................................................................................................. 74 6.4.3. A Sample ANSYS Neutral File Input Listing .............................................................................. 75 7. Using the ANSYS Session and Command Logs ..................................................................................... 81 7.1. Using the Session Log File ............................................................................................................... 81 7.2. Using the Database Command Log ................................................................................................. 82 7.3. Using a Command Log File as Input ................................................................................................. 82 Index .......................................................................................................................................................... 85Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.vviRelease 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.List of Figures2.1. The Session Editor ................................................................................................................................... 6 4.1. Text Entry Box ....................................................................................................................................... 31 4.2. Check and Radio Buttons ...................................................................................................................... 32 4.3. Option Buttons ..................................................................................................................................... 32 4.4. Example of a Single-Selection List ......................................................................................................... 33 4.5. Multiple-Selection List .......................................................................................................................... 33 4.6. Two-Column Selection List .................................................................................................................... 34 4.7. Tabbed Dialog Box ................................................................................................................................ 34 4.8. Drop-Down List Box .............................................................................................................................. 34 4.9. Tree Structures ...................................................................................................................................... 35 4.10. Sample Data Input Dialog Box ............................................................................................................. 35 4.11. The Program GUI ................................................................................................................................. 37 4.12. Example of a Pull-Down, Cascading Menu ............................................................................................ 39 4.13. Standard Toolbar ................................................................................................................................ 40 4.14. Single Line Input Window ................................................................................................................... 41 4.15. The Floating Command Window ......................................................................................................... 42 4.16. The Toolbar ......................................................................................................................................... 42 4.17. Edit Toolbar / Abbreviations Dialog Box ............................................................................................... 43 4.18. Main Menu ......................................................................................................................................... 44 4.19. Output Window .................................................................................................................................. 47 5.1. Multiple Entities Dialog Box .................................................................................................................. 53 5.2. Picking Menus for Locational and Retrieval Picking ................................................................................ 54 6.1. Determining Split Points ....................................................................................................................... 61Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.viiviiiRelease 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.List of Tables2.1. Processors (Routines) Available in ANSYS ................................................................................................. 3 2.2. ANSYS File Types and Formats ................................................................................................................. 7 6.1. Configuration File Defaults and Ranges ................................................................................................. 59 6.2. form_number values for LCURV ............................................................................................................. 70 6.3. form_number values for ASURF ............................................................................................................. 73Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.ixxRelease 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Chapter 1: Introducing ANSYSANSYS finite element analysis software enables engineers to perform the following tasks: ? Build computer models or transfer CAD models of structures, products, components, or systems. ? Apply operating loads or other design performance conditions. ? Study physical responses, such as stress levels, temperature distributions, or electromagnetic fields. ? Optimize a design early in the development process to reduce production costs. ? Do prototype testing in environments where it otherwise would be undesirable or impossible (for example, biomedical applications). The ANSYS program has a comprehensive graphical user interface (GUI) that gives users easy, interactive access to program functions, commands, documentation, and reference material. An intuitive menu system helps users navigate through the ANSYS program. Users can input data using a mouse, a keyboard, or a combination of both. This manual provides basic instructions for operating the ANSYS program: starting and stopping the product, using and customizing its GUI, using the online help system, etc. For other information about using ANSYS, see the following documents: ? For general instructions on performing finite element analyses for any engineering discipline, see the Basic Analysis Guide, the Modeling and Meshing Guide, and the Advanced Analysis Guide. ? For information about performing specific types of analysis (thermal, structural, etc.), see the applicable Analysis Guide. ? For examples of analyses, see the Mechanical APDL Introductory Tutorials and Mechanical APDL Verification Manual. ? For reference information about ANSYS commands, elements, and theory, see the Command Reference, Element Reference, and Mechanical APDL Theory Reference.Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.12Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Chapter 2: The ANSYS EnvironmentThe ANSYS program is organized into two basic levels: ? Begin level ? Processor (or Routine) level The Begin level acts as a gateway into and out of the program. It is also used for certain global program controls such as changing the jobname, clearing (zeroing out) the database, and copying binary files. When you first enter the program, you are at the Begin level. At the Processor level, several processors are available. Each processor is a set of functions that perform a specific analysis task. For example, the general preprocessor (PREP7) is where you build the model, the solution processor (SOLUTION) is where you apply loads and obtain the solution, and the general postprocessor (POST1) is where you evaluate the results of a solution. An additional postprocessor, POST26, enables you to evaluate solution results at specific points in the model as a function of time. The following environment topics are available: 2.1. Entering a Processor 2.2. Exiting from a Processor or ANSYS 2.3.The ANSYS Database 2.4. ANSYS Program Files 2.5. Communicating With the ANSYS Program2.1. Entering a ProcessorIn general, you enter a processor by selecting it from the ANSYS Main Menu in the Graphical User Interface (GUI). For example, choosing Main Menu& Preprocessor takes you into PREP7. Alternatively, you can use a command to enter a processor (the format is /name, where name is the name of the processor). Table 2.1: Processors (Routines) Available in ANSYS (p. 3) lists each processor, its function, and the command to enter it. Table 2.1: Processors (Routines) Available in ANSYS Processor PREP7 SOLUTION Function Build the model (geometry, materials, etc.) Apply loads and obtain the finite element solution Review results over the entire model at specific time points GUI Path Main Menu& Preprocessor Main Menu& Solution Command /PREP7 /SOLUPOST1Main Menu& General Postproc/POST1Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.3The ANSYS Environment Processor POST26 Function Review results at specific points in the model as a function of time GUI Path Main Menu& TimeHist Postpro Command /POST26PDSQuantify the effect of Main Menu& Prob Design scatter and uncertainties associated with input variables of a finite element analysis on the results of the analysis Dump binary files in readable form Calculate radiation view factors and generate a radiation matrix for a thermal analysis Translate files from a CAD or FEA program Utility Menu& File& List& Binary Files Utility Menu& List& Files& Binary Files Main Menu& Radiation Matrix/PDSAUX2/AUX2AUX12/AUX12AUX15Utility Menu& File& Import/AUX152.2. Exiting from a Processor or ANSYSTo return to the Begin level from a processor, pick Main Menu& Finish or issue the FINISH (or /QUIT) command. You can move from one processor to another without returning to the Begin level. Simply pick the processor you want to enter, or issue the appropriate command. To leave the ANSYS program (and return to the system level), pick Utility Menu& File& Exit or use the /EXIT command to display the Exit from ANSYS dialog box. By default, the program saves the model and loads portions of the database automatically and writes them to the database file, Jobname.DB. If a backup of the current database file already exists, ANSYS writes it to Jobname.DBB. Options in the dialog box (and on the /EXIT command) allow you to save other portions of the database or to quit without saving.2.2.1. Stopping the Input of a FileYou can also stop the processing of an ANSYS file as it is being input. Most files of more than a few lines will display the ANSYS Process Status window at the top of the screen. If you want to terminate the input of a file, select the STOP button on the ANSYS Process Status window. ANSYS itself does not stop when you select the STOP button. Stopping file input is useful if you inadvertently input a binary file. To input a new file, select Utility Menu& File& Clear & Start New to clear the current file from memory, then select a file to input. If you want to return to processing the original file, select Utility Menu& File& Read Input from... and select the name of the file, the line number or label to resume from, and select the OK button. See the /INPUT command for more information on resuming a file input process.2.3. The ANSYS DatabaseIn one large database, the ANSYS program stores all input data (model dimensions, material properties, load data, etc.) and results data (displacements, stresses, temperatures, etc.) in an organized fashion.4Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.The ANSYS Database The main advantage of the database is that you can list, display, modify, or delete any specific data item quickly and easily. No matter which processor you are in, you are working with the same database. This gives you basic access to the model and loads portions of the database from anywhere in the program. &Basic access& means the ability to select, list, or display an item. The following database topics are available: 2.3.1. Defining or Deleting Database Items 2.3.2. Saving the Database 2.3.3. Restoring Database Contents 2.3.4. Using the Session Editor to Modify the Database 2.3.5. Clearing the Database2.3.1. Defining or Deleting Database ItemsTo define items, or to delete items from the database, you must be in the appropriate processor. For example, you can define nodes, elements, and other geometry only in PREP7, the general preprocessor. You can specify and apply loads in either the PREP7 or the SOLUTION processor. However, you can select geometry items, list them, or display them from anywhere in the program, including the Begin level.2.3.2. Saving the DatabaseBecause the database contains all your input data, you should frequently save copies of it to a file. To do this, pick Utility Menu& File& Save as Jobname.DB or issue the SAVE command. Either choice writes the database to the file Jobname.DB. If you use the SAVE command, you have the option to save: ? the model data only ? the model and solution data ? the model, solution and preprocessing data To specify a different file name, pick Utility Menu& File& Save as or use the appropriate fields on the SAVE command. Any save operation first writes a backup of the current database file (if the database already exists) to Jobname.DBB. If a Jobname.DBB file already exists, the new backup file overwrites it. For a static or transient structural analysis, the file Jobname.RDB (a copy of the database) will be automatically saved at the first substep of the first load step.2.3.3. Restoring Database ContentsTo restore data from the database file, pick Utility Menu& File& Resume Jobname.DB or issue the RESUME command. This reads the file Jobname.DB. To specify a different file name, pick Utility Menu& File& Resume from or use the appropriate fields on the RESUME command. You can save or resume the database from anywhere in the ANSYS program, including the Begin level. A resume operation replaces the data currently in memory with the data in the named database file. Using the save and resume operations together is useful when you want to &test& a function or command. When you do a multiframe restart, ANTYPE,,REST automatically resumes the .RDB file for the current job.Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.5The ANSYS Environment2.3.4. Using the Session Editor to Modify the DatabaseDuring an analysis, you may want to modify or delete commands entered since your last SAVE or RESUME. You can access the session editor by issuing the UNDO command, or by choosing Main Menu& Session Editor. The session editor display is shown below. Figure 2.1: The Session EditorUse this dialog for displaying and editing the string of operations performed since your last SAVE or RESUME command. You can modify command parameters, delete whole sections of text, and even save a portion of the command string to a separate file. You can access the following file operations from the session editor dialog: ? OK: Enters the series of operations displayed in the window below. You will use this option to input the command string after you have modified it. ? Save: Saves the command string displayed in the window below to a separate file. ANSYS names the file Jobnam000.cmds, with each subsequent save operation incrementing the filename by one digit. You can use the /INPUT command to reenter the saved file. ? Cancel: Dismisses this window and returns to your analysis. ? Help: Displays the command reference for the UNDO command. The Session Editor is available in interactive (GUI) mode only. If no SAVE or RESUME command has been issued during your analysis, all commands from your current session will be executed, including your start150.ans file, if present.2.3.5. Clearing the DatabaseWhile building a model, sometimes you may want to clear out the database contents and start over. To do so, choose Utility Menu& File& Clear & Start New or issue the /CLEAR command. Either method clears (zeros out) the database stored in memory. Clearing the database has the same effect as leaving and reentering the ANSYS program, but does not require you to exit.2.4. ANSYS Program FilesThe ANSYS program writes and reads many files for data storage and retrieval. File names follow this pattern:Name.Ext6Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.ANSYS Program Files Name defaults to the jobname, which you can specify while entering the ANSYS program or by choosing Utility Menu& File& Change Jobname (equivalent to issuing the /FILNAME command). The default jobname is FILE (or file). Ext is a unique, two- to four-character ANSYS identifier that identifies the contents of the file. For example, Jobname.DB is the database file, Jobname.EMAT is the element matrix file, and Jobname.GRPH is the neutral graphics file. Some systems (such as PCs) truncate the extension to three characters. Also, the extension may be in lowercase, depending on the system. The following program file topics are available: 2.4.1. ANSYS File Types 2.4.2.The Jobname.LOG File2.4.1. ANSYS File TypesTable 2.2: ANSYS File Types and Formats (p. 7) lists the main ANSYS file types and their formats. For more information about files, see File Management and Files in the Basic Analysis Guide. Table 2.2: ANSYS File Types and Formats File Type Log file Error file Output file Database file Results file: structural or coupled thermal magnetic File Name Jobname.LOG Jobname.ERR Jobname.OUT Jobname.DB Jobname.xxx Jobname.RST Jobname.RTH Jobname.RMG Jobname.Sn Jobname.GRPH Jobname.EMAT ASCII ASCII (special format) Binary ASCII ASCII ASCII Binary Binary File FormatLoad step file Graphics file Element matricesOn the following commands, you can specify the name and path of the file to be written: /ASSIGN /COPY *CREATE /DELETE /INPUT In such cases, the filename can contain up to 248 characters, including the directory name, and the extension can contain up to eight characters. If the file name uses more than 248 characters, including the directory, you must use a soft link on Linux systems. *LIST /OUTPUT /PSEARCH /RENAMERelease 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.7The ANSYS Environment ANSYS can process blanks in file or directory names, so blank spaces are allowed in ANSYS object names. Be aware that many Linux commands do not support object names with spaces. When an object has a blank space in its name, always enclose the name in a pair of single quotes. On Linux systems, all directory names except for /(root) should end with a slash (/). For example, to run the ANSYS program using an input file called vm1.dat, which resides in the directory /ansys_inc/v150/ansys/data/verif, use the following commands:ansys150 /inp,vm1,dat, /ansys_inc/v150/ansys/data/verif/On Windows systems, you must use back slashes (\) instead of slashes in directory names. For example, on a Windows system, the directory path shown in the Linux example above looks like this:/inp,vm1,dat, Program Files\Ansys Inc\V150\ANSYS\data\verif\2.4.2. The Jobname.LOG FileThe Jobname.LOG file (also called the session log) is especially important, because it provides a complete log of your ANSYS session. The file opens immediately when you enter the ANSYS program, and it records all commands you execute, whether you execute those commands via GUI paths or type them in directly. You can read the Jobname.LOG file, view it while in ANSYS, edit it, and input it later. The ANSYS program always appends log data to the log file instead of overwriting it. If you change the jobname while in an ANSYS session, the log file name does not change to the new jobname. For more information about Jobname.LOG, see Using the ANSYS Session and Command Logs (p. 81).2.5. Communicating With the ANSYS ProgramThe easiest way to communicate with the ANSYS program is by using the ANSYS menu system, called the Graphical User Interface (GUI).2.5.1. Communicating Via the Graphical User Interface (GUI)The GUI consists of windows, menus, dialog boxes, and other components that allow you to enter input data and execute ANSYS functions simply by picking buttons with a mouse or typing in responses to prompts. All users, both beginner and advanced, should use the GUI for interactive ANSYS work. See Using the GUI (p. 31) for an extensive discussion of how to use the GUI. The rest of this section describes other topics related to communication with ANSYS commands, abbreviations, etc.2.5.2. Communicating Via CommandsCommands are the instructions that direct the ANSYS program. ANSYS has more than 1200 commands, each designed for a specific function. Most commands are associated with specific (one or more) processors, and work only with that processor or those processors. To use a function, you can either type in the appropriate command or access that function from the GUI (which internally issues the appropriate command). The Command Reference describes all ANSYS commands in detail, and also tells you whether each command has an equivalent GUI path. (A few commands do not.) ANSYS commands have a specific format. A typical command consists of a command name in the first field, usually followed by a comma and several more fields (containing arguments). A comma separates each field. For example, the F command, which applies a force at a node, looks like this:8Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Communicating With the ANSYS ProgramF,NODE,Lab,VALUETo apply an X-direction force of 2000 at node number 376, the F command would read as follows:F,376,FX,2000You can abbreviate command names to their first four characters (except as noted in the Command Reference). For example, FINISH, FINIS, and FINI all have the same meaning. Some &commands& (such as ADAPT and RACE) are actually macros. You must enter macro names in their entirety.NoteIf you are not sure whether an instruction is a command or a macro, see the Command Reference. Commands that begin with a slash ( / ) usually perform general program control tasks, such as entry to routines, file management, and graphics controls. Commands that begin with a star ( * ) are part of the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). See the ANSYS Parametric Design Language Guide for details. Command arguments may take a number or an alphanumeric label, depending on their purpose. In the F command example described previously, NODE and VALUE are numeric arguments, but Lab is an alphanumeric argument. In this and other ANSYS manuals, numeric arguments appear in all uppercase italic letters (as in NODE and VALUE), and alphanumeric arguments appear in initial uppercase italic format (as in Lab). Some commands (for example, /PREP7, /POST1, FINISH, etc.) have no arguments, so the entire command consists of just the command name. Some general rules and guidelines for commands are listed below: ? When you enter commands, the arguments do not have to be in specific columns. ? You can use successive commas to skip arguments. When you do so, ANSYS uses default values for the omitted arguments (as discussed in the individual command descriptions). ? You can string together multiple commands on the same line by using the $ character as the delimiter for each command. (For restrictions on use of the $ delimiter, see the Command Reference.) ? The maximum number of characters allowed per line is 640, including commas, blank spaces, $ delimiters, and any other special characters.NoteOther software programs and printers may wrap text to the next line or truncate the text after a certain character.? Real number values input to integer data fields will be rounded to the nearest integer. The absolute value of integer data must fall between zero and 2,000,000,000. ? The acceptable range of values for real data is +/-1.0E+200 to +/-1.0E-200. No exponent can exceed +200 or be less than -200. The program accepts real numbers in integer fields, but rounds them to the nearest integer. You can specify a real number using a decimal point (such as 327.58) or an exponent (such as 3.2758E2). The E (or D) character, used to indicate an exponent, may be in upper or lower case. This limit applies to all ANSYS input commands, regardless of platform.Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.9The ANSYS Environment Even though all ANSYS input must be within the allowed range, all numeric operations, including parametric operations, can produce numbers to machine precision, which may exceed the ANSYS input range. ? ANSYS interprets numbers entered for Angle arguments as degrees. Note that there are functions in ANSYS that could use radians if the *AFUN command had been used. ? The following special characters are not allowed in alphanumeric arguments:! = @ | # \ $ { } % [ ^ ] & & * ' ( / ) & _ & ~ + `Exceptions are filename and directory arguments, where some of these characters may be required to specify system-dependent pathnames. However, using special characters in filename and directory arguments could result in ANSYS or the operating system misreading the argument. We strongly recommend that you limit filename and directory arguments to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, -, _, and spaces. Any text prefaced by an exclamation mark (!) is treated as a comment. ? Avoid using tabs (to line up comments, for instance) or other control (CTRL) sequences. They usually generate device-dependent characters that the program cannot recognize. ? If you are a longtime ANSYS user, avoid using commands that have been removed from the currently documented command set. Such commands are obsolete and may cause difficulties.2.5.3. Command DefaultsFor information about command and argument default behavior, see Defaults in the Command Reference.2.5.4. AbbreviationsIf you use a command or a GUI function frequently, you can rename it or abbreviate it to a string of up to eight alphanumeric characters using one of the following: Command(s): *ABBR GUI: Utility Menu& Macro& Edit Abbreviations Utility Menu& MenuCtrls& Edit Toolbar For example, the following command defines ISO as an abbreviation for the command /VIEW,,1,1,1 (which specifies isometric view for subsequent graphics displays):*ABBR,ISO,/VIEW,,1,1,1Keep the following rules and guidelines in mind when creating abbreviations: ? The abbreviation must begin with a letter and should not have any spaces. ? If an abbreviation that you set matches an ANSYS command, the abbreviation overrides the command. Therefore, use caution in choosing abbreviation names. ? You can abbreviate up to 60 characters, and up to 100 abbreviations are allowed per ANSYS session. In the GUI, abbreviations appear as push buttons on the Toolbar, which you can execute with a quick click of the mouse. For details, see the section on using the toolbar in Using the GUI (p. 31).10Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Communicating With the ANSYS Program2.5.5. Command Macro FilesYou can record a frequently used sequence of ANSYS commands in a macro file, thus creating a personalized ANSYS command. If you enter a command name that ANSYS does not recognize, it searches for a macro file by that name (with an extension of .MAC or .mac). If the file exists, ANSYS executes it. On Linux and Windows systems, the ANSYS program searches for macro files in the following order: ? ANSYS looks first in the ANSYS APDL directory. ? It then looks at the directories that have been defined for the environmental variable ANSYS_MACROLIB. You can set up the ANSYS_MACROLIB variable after the installation of ANSYS software and before the program is started. On Linux, the structure for ANSYS_MACROLIB is:dir1/:dir2/:dir3/On Windows, the structure is:c:\dir1\;d:\dir2\;e:\dir3The letter to the left of the colon indicates the drive where the directory is stored. Enter up to 2048 characters for the entire string. Dir1 is searched first, followed by dir2, dir3, etc. These files provide customization at both the site and user levels. ? Next, on Linux systems, ANSYS looks in /PSEARCH or in the login directory. On Windows systems, it looks in /PSEARCH or in the home directory. ? Finally, ANSYS looks in the current or working directory. ANSYS searches for both upper and lower case macro file names in each search directory, except /apdl on Linux systems. If both exist in the search directory, the upper case file is used. Only upper case is used in the /apdl directory on Linux systems. The ANSYS installation media provide many ANSYS macro files that reside in the /apdl subdirectory. If you cannot use any of the ANSYS-provided macro files, contact your system administrator. To access any macro, you simply enter its file name. For instance, to access the LSSOLVE.MAC file, you enter LSSOLVE. You can also access macros you created via the Utility Menu& Macro& Execute Macro menu path. However, this menu path will not work for any macros containing function granules (such as a call to a dialog box) or picking commands. Macros with these functions must be accessed by entering the macro name in the Input Window.Specifying File Names in WindowsIn the Windows environment, some devices/ports have specific names, such as PRN, COM1, COM2, LPT1, LPT2, and CON. The device/port names resemble files in that they can be opened, read from, written to, and closed. Entering the names of these devices/ports in ANSYS, however, causes unpredictable behavior, including system freezes or fatal error conditions. Therefore, do not issue PC device/port names as commands.Configuring Search Paths on Windows Systems1. In the Control Panel, click on the System Icon.Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 11The ANSYS Environment 2. On Windows XP systems, click on My Computer on the Start Menu. Under System Tasks, select View System Information. Select the Advanced Tab. Click on the Environment Variables button. Click New under System Variable. Enter the value of ANSYS_MACROLIB for the variable name. Enter&drive&:\&dir&\;&drive&:\&dir2&\;&drive&:\&dir3&\;for the variable value. Click OK. 3. On Windows 2000 systems, select the Advanced tab. Click on the Environment Variables button. Click on the New button under System Variables. Enter the value of ANSYS_MACROLIB for the variable name. Enter&drive&:\&dir&\;&drive&:\&dir2&\;&drive&:\&dir3&\;for the variable value. Click on the OK button.12Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Chapter 3: Running the ANSYS ProgramYou can run the ANSYS program in interactive mode or in batch mode. In interactive mode (the default), you exchange information with the computer continuously. You can execute a command by selecting its menu path in the GUI or by typing it in directly. The ANSYS program processes the command in real time. Interactive mode allows you to use the GUI, online help, and various tools to create the engineering model in the graphics window and modify it as you work through the analysis. In batch mode, you submit a file of commands to the ANSYS program. This command file may have been generated by a previous ANSYS session, by another program, or by creating a command file with an editor. On some operating systems, you can run a batch job in the background while doing other work on the computer. Batch mode is useful when you do not need to interact with the program, such as during the solution phase of an analysis. ANSYS offers a set of separately-licensed &batch-only& products. If you run a batch-only product, you do not have access to the GUI, to online help, or to other interactive features of ANSYS. For more information about the batch-only products, see your ANSYS sales representative. There are a number of options for starting and setting options for your ANSYS session. You can enter the ANSYS program directly by issuing the ANSYS execution command at the command level and define aspects of the ANSYS operating system using the optional arguments for the execution command. You can also use the ANSYS Launcher to set options for an ANSYS run and its auxiliary programs, such as the LS-DYNA solver. The following ANSYS session topics are available: 3.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Command Level 3.2.The Mechanical APDL Product Launcher 3.3. Interactive Mode 3.4. Batch Mode 3.5. Choosing an ANSYS Product via Command Line 3.6. Setting Preferences with the start150.ans File3.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Command LevelTo start an interactive ANSYS session in graphics mode on Linux systems, type the following command at the prompt:ansys150 -gTo start ANSYS from the MS-DOS command prompt on a Windows system, type the following command:ansys150Always use the ANSYS-supplied scripts (ansys150 and launcher150) for running ANSYS. User-written scripts for running ANSYS products are not supported. You can specify any of the following options for the ANSYS execution command:Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.13Running the ANSYS Program -acc device -ansexe -b list or nolist Enables the use of GPU hardware to accelerate the analysis. See GPU Accelerator Capability in the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. In the ANSYS Workbench environment, activates a custom ANSYS executable. Activates the ANSYS program in batch mode. The options -b list or -b by itself cause the input listing to be included in the output. The -b nolist option causes the input listing not to be included. For more information about running ANSYS in batch mode, see Batch Mode (p. 26). Calls a custom ANSYS executable. See Running Your Custom Executable in the Guide to User-Programmable Features for more information. Specifies the type of graphics device. This option applies only to interactive mode. For Linux systems, graphics device choices are X11, X11C, or 3D. For Windows systems, graphics device options are WIN32 or WIN32C, or 3D. Defines the portion of workspace (memory) to be used as the initial allocation for the database. The default is 512 MB for 64-bit machines, 256 MB for 32-bit machines. Specify a negative number (-value) to force a fixed siz useful on small memory systems. Defines the initial working directory. Using the -dir option overrides the ANSYS150_WORKING_DIRECTORY environment variable. Enables Distributed ANSYS. See the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. Enables ANSYS DesignXplorer advanced task (add-on). Enables LS-DYNA. Applicable only for ANSYS Structural and higher license levels. Launches the ANSYS program with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) on. If you select this option, an X11 graphics device is assumed for Linux unless the -d option specifies a different device. This option is not used on Windows systems. To activate the GUI once ANSYS has started, you need to enter two commands in the ANSYS input window: /SHOW to define the graphics device, and /MENU,ON to activate the GUI. The -g option is valid only for interactive mode.-custom -d device-db value-dir -dis -dvt -dyn -gNoteIf you start ANSYS via the -g option, the program ignores any /SHOW command in the start150.ans file and displays a splash screen briefly before opening the GUI windows. -i inputname -j Jobname Specifies the name of the file to read input into ANSYS for batch processing. On Linux, the preferred method to indicate an input file is &. Specifies the initial jobname, a name assigned to all files generated by the program for a specific model. If you omit the -j option, the jobname is assumed to be file. Specifies a language file to use other than US English. This option is valid only if you have a translated message file in an appropriately named subRelease 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.-l language14Starting an ANSYS Session from the Command Level directory in /ansys_inc/v150/ansys/docu (or Program Files\Ansys Inc\V150\ANSYS\docu on Windows systems). -m workspace Specifies the total size of the workspace (memory) in megabytes used for the initial allocation. If you omit the -m option, the default is 1 GB (1024 MB) for 64-bit machines, 512 MB for 32-bit machines. Specify a negative number (-value) to force a fixed size throughout the run. Specifies the machines on which to run a Distributed ANSYS analysis. See Starting Distributed ANSYS in the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. Specifies the master field name in an ANSYS Multi-field solver - MFX analysis. See Starting and Stopping an MFX Analysis in the Coupled-Field Analysis Guide for more information. Specifies the type of MPI to use. See the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. Specifies an existing MPI file (appfile) to be used in a Distributed ANSYS run. See Using MPI appfiles in the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. Specifies the number of GPU accelerator devices per machine or compute node when running with the GPU accelerator feature. See GPU Accelerator Capability in the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. Defines ANSYS parameters at program start-up. The parameter name must be at least two characters long. For details about parameters, see the ANSYS Parametric Design Language Guide. Specifies the number of processors to use when running Distributed ANSYS or Shared-memory ANSYS. See the Parallel Processing Guide for more information. Specifies the name of the file to store the output from a batch execution of ANSYS. On Linux, the preferred method to indicate an output file is &.-machines-mfm-mpi -mpifile-na-name value-np-o outputname-p productname Defines which ANSYS product will run during the session (ANSYS Multiphysics, ANSYS Structural, etc.). For more detailed information about the -p option, see Choosing an ANSYS Product via Command Line (p. 28). -s read or noread -schost host name Specifies whether the program reads the start150.ans file at start-up. If you omit the -s option, ANSYS reads the start150.ans file in interactive mode and not in batch mode. Specifies the host machine on which the coupling service is running (to which the co-simulation participant/solver must connect) in a System Coupling analysis.-scname name of Specifies the unique name used by the co-simulation participant to identify itself to the coupling service in a System Coupling analysis. For the solver Linux systems, you need to escape the quotes or escape the space to have the name recognized with a space: ansys150.exe -scname=\”Solution 1\” or ansys150.exe -scname=”Solution\ 1”Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.15Running the ANSYS Program -scport port number -ser -v Specifies the port on the host machine upon which the coupling service is listening for connections from co-simulation participants in a System Coupling analysis. Specifies the communication port number between ANSYS and CFX in an MFX analysis. Returns the ANSYS release number, update number, copyright date, customer number, and license manager version number.3.2. The Mechanical APDL Product Launcher3.2.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Start Menu/LauncherUse the Mechanical APDL Product Launcher when you want to run an ANSYS program, one of the auxiliary programs, or to access a modifiable ANSYS file. You can access some launcher functionality directly from the Windows Start Menu. To access ANSYS functionality, including the launcher, on Windows systems, choose Start& Programs& ANSYS 15.0 and select the appropriate option. To activate the launcher on Linux systems, enter the following command:launcher150You can also place one of the following commands in your .login or .profile file: .login file command:launcher150 && /dev/null &.profile file command:launcher150 & /dev/null 2& &1 &Either command causes the launcher to appear automatically when you log onto the system.Start Menu Options on WindowsTo activate the launcher on Windows, choose Start& Programs& ANSYS 15.0& Mechanical APDL Product Launcher 15.0 From the ANSYS Start Menu, you can select other options in addition to the launcher: ? Utilities, such as the ANS_ADMIN, CAD Configuration Manager, and Product Configuration utilities ? Help ? Applications, such as ANSYS, Fluent, CFX, etc. ? ANSYS Client Licensing ? Uninstall You can run ANSYS directly by choosing ANSYS from the Start Menu. If you have not yet run the launcher, selected any products, or defined any profiles, the highest product that your site is licensed for will be run, or the product as specified by your license administrator using the Specify Product Order option of the ANSLIC_ADMIN utility (see the ANSYS, Inc. Licensing Guide). If you have run the16Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.The Mechanical APDL Product Launcher launcher, then running the product directly from the Start Menu will start the product with the last launcher configuration.The Launcher Log FileThe launcher creates a log file named launcher.150.log. This file contains a history of launcher selections along with any error messages that may occur. On Linux systems, this file is written to your home directory. On Windows, it is written to the directory specified with the TEMP environment variable. If TEMP is not set, the file is written to the root directory of the value specified on the WINDIR environment variable. The log file is always written by default. You can turn off the log file via the Options menu, but we do not recommend doing so.Launcher TasksUse the launcher to select product settings, such as the simulation environment, the specific license, and any add-on modules or analysis type you want to run. Based on your product selections, you can then specify file management, customization/preferences, and solver setup options. Product settings and the options under each tab are explained below. You may not see all options, depending on your product selection. The launcher tabs are: ? The File Management Tab (p. 19) ? The Customization/Preferences Tab (p. 20) ? The High Performance Computing Setup Tab (p. 22) You can also access launcher-specific functionality via the menu bar. The File, Profiles, Options, Tools, Links, and Help menus are explained in later sections. In addition to the tabs and the menu bar options, the launcher also has additional buttons at the bottom. ? Run launches the product you have selected with the settings specified on the various tabs. ? Cancel Run allows you to cancel an ANSYS Batch run. For an ANSYS Batch run, the analysis must be nonlinear or full transient (linear or nonlinear), or use the PCG, ICCG, or JCG solver (linear or nonlinear solutions). The cancel run request will be ignored for any other types of analyses. For an ANSYS Batch run, Cancel Run creates a file in the working directory called Jobname.ABT. If you are running multiple jobs, be sure to specify a unique jobname for each job. ? Queue allows you to launch a batch run at a later time. When you click the Queue button, you will be prompted to enter a delayed start time and date. This option is only available on Linux systems. ? Product Help launches the help file for the selected simulation environment. In most places where you can specify path names, you can specify paths using drive letters or UNC paths. However, you may encounter places where UNC paths cannot be used. If you see a message indicating that UNC paths are not available, re-enter the path using drive letters.Release 15.0 - ? SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.17Running the ANSYS Program3.2.1.1. Product SettingsHere you specify your simulation environment, license, and add-on modules. The simulation environment indicates which interface you want to use to run interactively or allows you to start a batch run. Options include: ? ANSYS ? ANSYS Batch ? LS-DYNA Solver Depending on which environment you select and what licenses are available at your site, the remaining product selection choices and the options under the remaining tabs will vary. In the License field, select a license from the available types. Only those licenses that are both available for your site and valid with the simulation environment selected will be shown. All applicable licenses will be shown, regardless of your license preference settings. The order in which products are listed can be modified using the ANSLIC_ADMIN's Specify Product Order option or the Set License Preferences for User option. See the ANSYS, Inc. Licensing Guide for more information. Once a product has been run via the launcher, the launcher profile will take precedence over changes to the product order made via the ANSLIC_ADMIN utility. You can then select from available add-on modules or other product-specific options. You will only be able to pick modules/options that are available for the selected product and/or environment. If a choice is not shown, it is not available for the product or environment that you have selected. If a choice is grayed out, then that choice is available for the selected product and environment, but your site does not have the necessary license. To obtain a license for any grayed-out option, please contact your ANSYS sales representative. Possible Add-on Modules include: LS-DYNA (-dyn) ANSYS DesignXplorer (dvt) Enables LS-DYNA. Applicable only for ANSYS Structural and higher license levels. Enables the ANSYS DesignXplorer advanced task. The DesignXplorer module is part of the ANSYS Workbench product and is used to compute