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Mixing Up Ethnographical Design and P.D. Methods to explore New Communcation Tools and CSCW.pdf 10页
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Mixing Up Ethnographical Design and P.D. Methods to explore New Communcation Tools and CSCW
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Participatory design (P.D.) methods and ethnographical design
work as well with tension and as compliment towards each ot-
her. Tension, since the P.D. methods demands action and chan-
ge, where the ethnographer wants to leave his or her informants
”untouched”. We have tried to find an efficient combination of
the different sets of methodologies. What kind of knowledge
will the user of these methodologies expect to achieve? In what
stage of the development process is what method most infor-
mative to us? Based on results from a study on and with a mul-
tidisciplinary research lab developing a new communication
tool based on awareness, we will try to answer these questions.
KEYWORDS: Participatory Design, Ethnography, Anthropo-
logy, Design Methodology,
Computer Supported Cooperati-
ve Work, Awareness.
INTRODUCTION
A-lab is a research lab which is mainly focused on Human
Computer Interaction. A-lab employes all kind of skills, like
computer science, physics, sociology, linguistics and psycho-
logy. From time to time graphical designers, industrial desig-
ners and artists work within the lab. The lab is located within
one major polytechnical university.
On certain mornings, when you arrive, the lab is full of activity
and energy while on other days it is more or less empty. This
could be confusing if you don’t know the working habits of the
A-lab people. Their work includes lecturing, so they could be in
classes, as well as research, so they could be in the library or in
some computer room. The lab does also run external research
contracts that may keep the staff out of the lab’s location. The
working hours are not regulated at all. Everything is OK as long
as you show up on those meetings or lectures where your parti-
cipation is expected. But is it not social accepted to stay out of
touch or to be unreachable for a longer period. The non written
law states that you should regularly read your electronic mail
and reply within the same day in most cases.
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你可能喜欢Do you think it is important for university students to do physical exercise regularly and why_中华文本库
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Do you think it is important for university students to do physical exercise regularly and why?
Y es, I think so.
As a proverb goes “ life lies in exercise” , it is very important for university student to do physical exercise regularly.
Firstly, doing exercise keeps you healthy. Being health is the basis of our lives. We can never enjoy our lives without health. Doing physical exercise regularly can make you stronger and energetic. Because the competition of our society become more and more fierce, only those who have a strong body can fully dedicate themselves to their job at the long-term. This summer I have went to Tibet with my tutor for field working. As we all know, Tibet is a place of high altitudes. The air is rare and the air pressure is lower. Most of people will experience the altitude sickness, even you just sit there or lying on a bed doing nothing. For someone, the reaction will take several days to eliminate. You head aches heavily and you can not go to sleep in the night. I must say it is hard process. Climbing mountains in Tibet which is inevitable for us , it is part of our daily work. Climbing mountains in Tibet make you feel much more tired than you do in the inland. But every year, my tutor will go to Tibet for field working for a period. He will walk and climb with us. You may think it is no big deal. But if I tell you my tutor is 61years old, you may think otherwise. My tutor will go out for a walk after dinner, which is one of the factors keeping my tutor healthy. As a student major in geology, we should do physical exercise regularly in order to do field work well. Secondly, doing physical exercise is a great method for students to outlet their pressure, be energetic and enhance self-confidence. Playing basketball with a group of team members, swimming and practicing yoga do good to both the young's physical and mental health, and various physical exercises result in an energetic and active person. Besides, good health that results from physical exercises can enhance the young's self-confidence. According to a recent survey, 89% of people from 18~45 who do physical exercise regularly are more optimistic with their capacity to fulfill their destiny as a leader or employee, however, there are only 21% who have poor health condition and seldom commit physical exercises believe they can success in their careers.
Thirdly, doing physical exercise makes you in good shape, which will bring you more opportunity. Being in good shape can leave others a good impression. For example, it is more likely to gain a girl’ s heart if you are in good shape than someone who looks unhealthy.
Admittedly, sometimes the young might do too many physical exercises and would possibly affect their works. Some young people enjoy the exciting of going hiking, and once they have a holiday, they will start their trips and go back to home until the last day of their vacation, which will doubtlessly have a bad influence on their works .Moreover, some young people may be injured when they do physical exercises. However, if proper advice and introduction been taking, these potential problems can be easily solved.
In sum, if the we want to keep healthy in their whole lives, they should commit physical exercises in their everyday life instead of starting engaging in them when they are old, as physical exercises play an important role in people's health in spite of they are old or young.
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阅读短文，选择正确答案。
&&&&& Everyone knows that exercise is important. We all need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makesyour heart and body strong. Children who often exercise are more alert (灵活的). This means they do better in tests and schoolwork than those who don't exercise. &&&& There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, swim, skate, or play ball games. Make sure you exercise in the following ways: you have to like what you're doing. Exercise enough but not too much. It's best to exercise twice each week. Thirty minutes each time is enough. Try all kinds of things until you find one, twoor even three sports that feel right for you. &&&& You can exercise at fitness centers (健身中心). They have a lot of equipment (设备) there. The equipment will help exercise your arms, legs and other parts of your body to make you fit. Some people buy equipment fortheir homes. But it is very expensive.&&&&&&Exercising can be fun. Friends can exercise together at a fitness center, or they can play sports together. How do you exercise?
1. In the passage, the writer tells us that we all need to _______.
A. drink B. sleep C. exerciseD. work
2. Which of the following sports is not mentioned in the passage?
A. Fishing. B. Running. C. Swimming. D. Walking.
3. Where can we exercise according to the passage?
A. In the restaurants. B. In the hospitals. C. At fitness centers. D. At the bus stops.
4. Why do we need to exercise?
A. Because we have nothing to do. B. Because it makes us strong. C. Because it's boring. D. Because we can spend time.
5. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Some people buy equipment for their homes, but it's very expensive. B. Children who often play sports do better in the schoolwork. C. Try all kinds of things until you find the sports that are right for you. D. It's best to exercise at least five times every week.
题型：阅读理解难度：偏难来源：广西自治区期末题
1-5: CACBD
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“阅读短文，选择正确答案。 Everyone knows that exercise is imp..”主要考查你对&&健康环保类阅读&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
健康环保类阅读
健康环保类阅读：本类型主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方面选取实际的材料来设题。体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。 健康环保类阅读题答题注意事项和技巧：应试生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破——归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力。1.归纳主旨大意： (1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找出每小段的主题句。主题句通常有这样的特点：①有一个话题(topic)；②有阐述控制性概念，偶尔也可在一段中间；③有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。 (2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。 应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。 (3)典型错误：①忽视文章的结构；②混淆了中心与支撑细节或材料的区别；③忽视文章表意的倾向性；④漏掉了主要的特征词。 2.正确推理判断： 推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。 (1)数据推断题 解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 (2)知识推断题 根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。 (3)逻辑结论推断题 根据事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料，不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意要求进行推断。 (4)对作者态度、倾向的推断题 作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。
发现相似题
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282257318884314238282455260557297318Everyone knows that exercise is important. We need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. ..._百度知道
Everyone knows that exercise is important. We need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. ...
Everyone knows that exercise is important. We need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It keeps our bodies strong. When the daytime comes, we must get up. This is the time for exercise. Exercise means doing things with the body...
我有更好的答案
小题1:C小题2:A小题3:A小题4:D小题5:B
试题分析：短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了体育锻炼对于我们健康的重要性，以及如何进行体育锻炼等问题。小题1:细节理解题。根据短文第一段Everyone knows that exercise is important. We need to exercise.描述，可知作者告诉我们，我们每个人都应该参加体育锻炼。故选C。小题2:细节理解题。根据You can walk, run, swim, skate, or play ball games. 及上下文描述，可知本文没有关于钓鱼运动的描述，故选A。小题3:细节理解题。根据短文第二段Exercise means doing things with the body. 描述，可知锻炼意味着用身体做一些事情。故选A。小题4:细节理解题。根据短文第一段Doctors say it is good for us. It keeps our bodies strong.及下文描述，可知锻炼有益于身体健康。故选D。小题5:推理判断题。联系前文Friends can exercise together描述，可知此处指的是，朋友们可以在健身中心一起锻炼。故选B。
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