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深圳中学学年初二年级第一学期英语期中考试试卷答案解析
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Unit 1 How do you study for a test? 单元辅导（一）
（一）学习目标（Language Goal）
& 1. Talk about how to study. 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。
& 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。
（二）语言结构（Language Structures）
& 1. Verb + by with gerund&&& by＋动名词短语& 表示“通过…途径，方法”
& 2. How questions&&& have引导的特殊疑问句
（三）目标语言（Target Language）
& 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？
&&& Well, I study by working with my classmates.
&&& 哦，我和同学们一起学习。
& 2. Have you ever studied with a group?
&&& 你曾经参加过学习小组吗？
&&& Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.
&&& 是的，参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。
& 3. I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
&&& 我没有同伴可以练习英语。
&&& Maybe you should join an English club.
&&& 或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。
& 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
&&& 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？
&& &Why don’t you join an English language club?
&&& 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？
（四）Key words and phrases （重点词汇）
& 1. flashcard n. 抽认卡
& 2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的
& 3. memorize v. 记忆，背诵
& 4. aloud&& adv. 出声地、高声地
& 5. comma& n. 逗号
& 6. pronunciation n. 发音
& 7. solution n. 解决办法
& 8. not at all 根本（不）&& 全然（不）
& 9. end up 结束，告…终
& 10. make mistakes 犯错
& 11. later on 以后；随后
& 12. be afraid to 害怕去做
& 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）
& 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
& 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做…
& 16. native speaker 说本族语的人
& 17. make up 组成、构成
（五）重点、难点：（Key points and difficulties）
& 1. by 介词，表示“通过…方法或途径”的意思，译成“靠、通过”
&&& by后面可以加名词或动名词短语
&&& （1）The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。
&&& （2）travel by air （land , sea）航空（陆路、航海）旅行
&&& （3）go by train （boat , bus）乘火车（船，公共汽车）去
&&& （4）shake sb by the hand 和某人握手
（5）I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。
&&& 另外，by作为介词的含义有很多，我们也已经学习过一些用法，总结如下
&&& （1）在…旁边、靠近
&&&&&&&& eg. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。
（2）沿着、经由
eg. come by the highway 由公路来
（3）由于&
eg. by mistake 由于差错
&& I took his umbrella by mistake. 我错拿了他的伞.
（4）被、由&
eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章
（5）（表示面积）
eg. a room 5m, by 4m&& 一间长五米宽四米的房间
（6）逐批&
eg. one by one 一个接一个
&&& （7）表示方法、途径
& 2. “How” questions
&&& How 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义
&&& （1）表示问候 &&
&&&&&&&& eg. How do you do ?
&&&&&&&&&&& How are you ?
&&&&&&&&&&& How’s everything going ?
&&& （2）表示“怎样”
&&&&&&&& eg. How is your new house ?
&&&&&&&&&&& 你的新房子怎么样？
&&&&&&&&&&& It’s great.
&&&&&&&&&&& 它太棒了。
&&&&&&&&&&& How do you learn English ?
&&&&&&&&&&& 你是怎样学英文的？
&&&&&&&&&&& I learn English by reading lots of English magazines.
&&&&&&&&&&& 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。
&&& 请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样的，不能混淆。
&&& how通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为“怎么样”，回答通常做状语或表语，what 常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问，意为“什么”，回答通常主语或宾语。
&&& 试比较：
&&& （1）How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表程度，表语）
&&& （2）How did you travel around the world ?
&&&&&&&& I travelled by bike. （表方式，状语）
&&& （3）What do you learn at school ?
&&&&&&&& I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects.
&&&&&&&&& （学习的科目，做宾语）
&&3. 在这一单元中出现的话题是“讨论如何学习”。这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼我们的口语表达能力，又能使我们学到一些实用的方法，对自身的学习大有帮助。如何向别人请教学习方法呢？又如何回答呢？
&&& 请诵读下面的目标句型：
& &How do you study English? （运用特殊疑问句）
& &I study by listening to cassettes. （听录音带）
&& I study by studying with a group. （和小组一起学习）
&& by watching English programs on TV. （看英语电视节目）
&& by enjoying English songs. （听英文歌）
&& by taking part in English classes after school . （上课外英语班）
&& by getting an English tutor. （请英语家教）
&& by reading English magazines and newspaper . （读英文杂志、报纸）
&& by surfing the internet. （网上冲浪）
&& by making flashcards. （制作单词认读卡片）
&& by reading the textbook. （读教科书）
&& by asking the teacher for help. （请教老师）
&& by making vocabulary lists. （列单词表）
&&&by taking notes carefully . （认真记笔记）
&&&by having the English class carefully . （认真上课）
&&&by finishing my homework seriously . （认真完成作业）
&&&Do you learn English by …? （用一般疑问句）
&&&Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
&&&Have you ever studied with a group? （用完成时态）
&&&Yes, I have . I’ve learned a lot that way.
&&&What about listening to cassettes? ［用what about ＋动名词 提问］
&&&I do that sometimes. I think it helps.
& 4. 学会评价各种学习方法的优劣（Comment on the ways of learning English）
&&& 看到了上面各种各样的学习方法，有些眼花缭乱。其实，并不是所有的方法都适合自己。我们要学会判断、评价，然后才能选择最适合自己的学习方法。
&&& 用哪些语言才能表达自己的评价呢？请看下面的目标句型：
&& I think studying English by …is…because …
&&& 如：I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask
others when you have questions.
&&& I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always&
waste your time.
&&& 这个句型较长是个复合句，出现了由because 引导的原因状语从句。进入初三后，我们在写作表达时，要避免再使用仅仅由because 引导的句子，而要写完整的句子。
&&& 如：不能写Because I slept late . 意思不完整，不清晰
&&& 要写成I missed the early bus because I slept late.
&&& 这样，有原因，有结果，才是完整的句子。
& 5. 找出自己在英语学习中的困难（Find out your own difficulties in learning English）
&&& 要选择适合自己的学习方法，还必须清楚自己的困难所在，然后才能有的放矢。
&&& Learning English can be difficult . What things are difficult for you ?
&&& 我们如何来表达自己学习与遇到的困难呢？如何给出建议呢？
&&& 请诵读下面的目标句型：（说出困难）
&&& I have a problem. I can’t remember the new words.
&&& I can’t pronounce some of the words.
&&& I can’t understand spoken English.
&&& I always make mistakes in grammar.
&&& I read very slowly.
&&& I don’t know how to speak English well.
&&& 给出建议：
&&& You should read English aloud.
&&& Listening can help.
&&& Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking？
&&& Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards？
&&& Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible.
&&& （请注意不同句式的运用）
& 6. 选择适合自己的学习方法（Choose your suitable learning ways）
&&& 通过以上各个环节的学习，我们终于可以完成最后的目标－－选择适合自己的方法。
&&& 如何表达呢？目标句型如下：（注意要给出原因，练习使用because）
&&&& I (don’t) think I can study English by … because …
&&& （1）I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too.
&&& （2）I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home.
&&& 找到适合自己的方法，写出至少五句。
（六）3a in Section A 疑难解释
1. ask sb to do sth. 叫某人做某事& ask sb not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事
& buy sb. sth = buy sth. for sb.&& 给某人买东西（注意：这里的sb如果是代词要用宾格）
eg. He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle.
&&& 他请求他母亲给他买一辆新自行车。
2. Many said they learnt by using English.
&&& 许多（学生）说他们通过使用英语来学习。
&&& Many在这里是代词，而不是形容词，意为Many students.
&&& Many is a large number of something.
&&& 例如：We can put away many of these plates. We don’t need this many.
&&& 我们可以把许多盘子收起来，用不着这么多。
&3. felt是feel的过去式，意思为感到，觉得等，是个系动词，后跟形容词。
&&& eg. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时，我觉得很沮丧。
类似的还有become（成为），get（变得），turn（变成），look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来）等，后跟名词、形容词、副词或代词等，如：
Later he became a doctor.（名词）
Autumn comes. It’s getting cooler and cooler.（形容词）
The leaves turn yellow.（形容词）
Your mother looks young.（形容词）
The music sounds beautiful.（形容词）
The food smells terrible.（形容词）
The red bag is hers.（代词）
Sorry, he isn’t in.（副词）
&&& 请同学们在学习中注意收集
&4. not at all 根本不，全然不
&&& eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all.
&&& not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
&5. get excited 变得兴奋起来&&& get是系动词，有“逐渐变得”的含义
&&& get + adj
&&& eg. get mad 生气
&&& get clear变得清楚了
&&& The long journey got the children all tired.
&&& 长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪。
& 6. end up doing sth&&& 终止做某事，结束做某事& 后面加动名词短语
&&& 相当于finish doing sth .
&&& 但要注意与stop doing sth 的区别
&&& eg. We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door.
&&& 另外，end up with … 以…结束
&&& The party ended up with her singing.
&&& 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
& 7. 在3a中，出现了大量的动名词。我们有必要了解动名词的结构及用法，动名词即动词的ing形式，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。
&&& （1）I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of learning.
&&& doing …为动名词短语，做从句中的主语，而listening 做定语，修饰practice.
&&& （2）I’m enjoying learning English . （动名词短语做宾语）
&&& （3）Seeing is believing 眼见为实（Seeing 做主语，believing 做表语）
（七）3a in Section B 疑难解析
& 1. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher.
&&& 首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。
&&& first of all 首先
&&& It is (was) …for sb to do sth .
&&& 在这个句型中，不定式做真正的主语，it是形式主语。
& 2. 一些词组
&&& laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
&&& take notes 记笔记
&&& enjoy doing sth 乐意做某事
&&& be impressed 深受感动的
& 3. 在这篇文章中，出现了许多表示顺序或承接的连词或词组。这些词使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰，条理清楚。在写作中，正确使用连接词，会使文章增色不少，提高档次。在文章中，出现的词有：
&&& first of all 首先
&&& to begin with 一开始
&&& later on 后来、随
&&& also 也、而且（用于肯定句）
&&& either 也（用于否定句）
&&& so 因此
&&& then然后
【模拟试题】
I. 翻译下列单词或词组
& 1. 令人沮丧的________&&&&&&&&& 2. 背诵、记忆________
& 3. 出声地、高声地________&&&&& 4. 发音（v.）________
& 5. 解决方法________&&&&&&&&&&& 6. 根本不________
& 7. 结束做某事________&&&&&&&&& 8. 犯错________
& 9. 害怕做某事________&&&&&&&&& 10. 说本族语的人________
& 11. 笑话某人________&&&&&&&&&& 12. 做笔记________
& 13. 喜欢、乐意做某事________&& 14. 组成、构成________
II. 连词成句
& 1. study, How, you, do, for, test a
&&& __________________________?
& 2. by, study, listening to, I, cassettes
&&& __________________________.
& 3. you, do, by, learn, reading, English, aloud
&&& __________________________?
& 4. should, find, you, pen pal, a
&&& __________________________.
& 5. can’t, a lot of, I, new, words, memorize
&&& __________________________
III. 将下列方法及理由搭配起来，组成相应的句子
& 1. by memorizing the words of pop songs
& 2. by reading English magazines
& 3. by using English
& 4. by studying grammar
& 5. by watching English movies
& 6. by joining the English club at school
& 7. by having conversations with friends
&&& Reasons :
&&& A. because we can practice more and study English well.
&&& B. because the native speakers speak too quickly .
&&& C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures.
&&& D. because we can get lots of practice and also have fun .
&&& E. because it is the best way to learn new words
&&& F. because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese
& &&G. because it can help us learn new words
&&& （1）I think I can study English by listening to English because I love music .
&&& （2）I don’t think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I will spend too much money .
& 1. __________________________
& 2. __________________________
& 3. __________________________
& 4. __________________________
& 5. __________________________
& 6. __________________________
& 7. __________________________
IV. 阅读理解
&&& People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about&
fifteen hundred languages in the world . Each contains many thousands of words. A very large
dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand words . But we do not need
all these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words . Before you
leave school , you will learn only one thousand or more .
&&& The words you know are called your vocabulary . You should try to make your vocabulary&
bigger . Read as many books as you can . There are a lot of books written in easy English for&
you to read . You will enjoy them . When you meet a new word , find it in your dictionary .&
Your dictionary is your most useful book .
&&& Training Base （阅读理解练习）
&&& 根据短文选择最佳答案：
& 1. The number of different languages spoken is about ______.
&&& A. 150&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 15,000
&&& C. 500&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. 1,500
& 2. Before you leave your school , you’ll learn _____.
&&& A. only two thousand words
&&& B. five hundred thousand words
&&& C. more than one thousand words
&&& D. three or four thousand words
& 3. To make your vocabulary bigger , you must ______.
&&& A. get as many dictionaries as you can
&&& B. read as many books as you can
&&& C. buy a lot of books
&&& D. have a very large English dictionary
& 4. You will enjoy ______.
&&& A. the books written in easy English
&&& B. your dictionary
&&& C. your new words
&&& D. finding new words in a dictionary
&&& 根据短文翻译下列句子：
& 5. A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words.
&&& ___________________________________
& 6. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read.
&&& ____________________________
（B）限时阅读
&&& Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isn’t dressed as well as&
they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt people’s feelings by laughing at&
their problems . They learn to laugh at other things . Most important they learn to laugh at&
themselves.
&&& Suppose （假设）you’re playing a game . You make a mistake and lose . Do you become angry ?&
Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time ? Suppose you are at a special&
dinner . You at times spill （溅）some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy （笨拙）you&
looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way ? If you can , it’s a good sign&
you’ve really grown up .
Answer the questions
（&&& ）1. This article is mostly about ______.
&&& A. why laughter is good for your body
&&& B. what you should laugh at
&&& C. where you may laugh
&&& D. who you may laugh
（&&& ）2. The writer says small children laugh at people who ______.
&&& A. have problems&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. not to be worried
&&& C. dress well&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D. play games
（&&& ）3. Next the writer shows how laughter could help you ______.
&&& A. not to spill food&&&&&&B. not to be worried
&&& C. not to enjoy yourself& D. to grow up
（&&& ）4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at ______.
&&& A. jokes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. pictures
&&& C. children&&&&&&&&&&&& D. yourself
（&&& ）5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to ______.
&&& A. make a mistake&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. lose game
&&& C. become angry&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. try again
V．写作：谈一谈自己学习的情况，包括你遇到的困难，你的解决方法以及未来的学习计划。要求：通顺、达意、连贯；
字数：50字左右。
&&& （使用本单元学到的目标语言）
My English learning
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【试题答案】
& 1. frustrating&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2. memorize&&&&&&&&&&& &3. aloud
& 4. pronounce&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 5. solution&&&&&&&&&&&& 6. not at all
& 7. end up doing sth&&&&&&&& 8. make mistakes
& 9. be afraid to&&&&&&&&&&&& 10. native speaker
& 11. laugh at sb&&&&&&&&&&&& 12. take notes
& 13. enjoy doing sth&&&&&&&& 14. make up
& 1. How do you study for a test ?
& 2. I study by listening to cassettes .
& 3. Do you learn English by reading aloud ?
& 4. You should find a pen pal .
& 5. I can’t memorize a lot of new words.
III. （答案不唯一）
& 1. I think I can study English by memorizing the words of pop songs because it is the best& way to learn new words.
& 2. I think I can study English by reading English magazines because it can help us learn new& words .
& 3. I think I can study by using English because we can practice more and study English well.
& 4. I think I can study by studying grammar because it is a great way to learn sentence& structures.
& 5. I don’t think I can learn English by watching English movies because the native speakers& speak too quickly.
& 6. I don’t think I can study English by having conversations with friends because we get& excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.
& 7. I think I can learn English by joining the English club at school because we can get lots of practice and also have fun.
& A. 1. D&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2. C&&&&&&& 3. B&&&&&&& 4. A
& 5. 比如，一本大字典包含40万到50万个单词
& 6. 有大量的简易英语读物，你可以阅读。
& B. 1. D&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2. A&&&&&&& 3. B&&&&&&& 4. D&&&&&&& 5. C
[1]&[2]&[3]&[4]&下一页
Unit 1 单元知识讲解2
一.SECTION A.1. How的用法：
① How are you ? How do you do ?
② How old are you ?③ “距离”How far ( away ) is A from B ?④how long “多久” → for / since + 一段时间 ,谓语常用延续性动词. “多长”e.g.--- How long can I keep the book ? --- For two weeks .⑤how soon “要过多久?” → in + 一段时间 , 时态多为将来时, 谓语常用终止性动词.e.g. --- How soon will you get back ? --- In an hour .⑥how often “多久一次?” → 频率e.g. How often do you go to the park ? Once a week / Very often / Never / Sometimes .⑦ How many / much “多少” How about “表建议”2. ☆ V.+ by + 动名词 “ 通过某种方式”e.g. How do you study for a test ? I study by asking the teacher for help .① ask sb for help “向…求助”
② ask for leave（请假） I will ask for two days’ sick leave .③“出价” He asked me 110 yuan for the bike .
④ask…to（邀请某人）We asked him to come again .e.g. She studies by making vocabulary lists .① make sth“制作…”
② make+n.+adj.“使…处于某种状态” The news made him worried.③ make ＋ 宾语 ＋ 动词原形 （迫使某人做某事）（使役动词）He made me do it again.短语：make mistakes make a mistake make friends make the bed make tea make itmake money make faces make a noise make one’s way to make room for make up ]e.g. The best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines.3. study & learn 区别:
( study 强调“研究” study the pronunciation of English “研究英语发音”)⑴learn可接不定式短语,study则不能; e.g. It’s never too old to learn .⑵ learn可指学习某人的品质和精神, study则不能; e.g. We must learn from Lei Feng .⑶ 对比工作强调上学时只能用study . e.g. Are you still studying at school ? 研究4. aloud与 Loudly
aloud adv. “大声地(人声)” e.g. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ?Loudly adv。“吵闹地（各种声音）”e.g. They are dancing in the house loudly .loud adj&adv “大声的/地(人声)” e.g. He broke the window with a loud voice. Don’t talk so loud.5. pronounce与 pronunciation
pronounce v. make the sound of “发…音” Do you know how to pronounce the letter ?pronunciation n.（可数）“发音，读音”6．ever
adv. “曾经”（多用于现在完成时“完成用法”，特点：☆与瞬间动词连用 ）☆－Have you ever … ? －Yes, I have. / just once . －No, not even once. / never .Have you ever been to…? --I’ve never been there (twice) / Only once / Several times7．I have learned a lot that way .
a lot = a lot of things 其他用法： I like apples a lot / very much .way “①方式,方法 ②路” e.g.
That’s the best way to learn English well .
Which is the way to…?8. It improves my speaking skills .
[ be skillful at / in / with = be good at …]9. It’s too hard to understand the voices .It’s + adj.形＋( for sb )＋to do e.g. It’s difficult (for me) to swim very well .voice “（人的）语声、嗓音” e.g. He has lost his voice ,because of a bad cold .noise “声音，噪音” e.g. Don’t make so much noise . make a noise →adj. noisysound “（各种）声音” v. sound like… “听起来” He listen to the sad _____ of the sea.例题： e.g. Let’s go outside . There is too much _____ here . Did you hear the ____ of music ?10. specific
&adj. “具体的，明确的” specification n. general adj. “普遍的，全面的”e.g. Some students had more specific suggestion . “一些学生有更多的明确的建议。”例题： Though he said a lot , he didn’t produce a _______ suggestion .A. clever B. sure C. correct D. specific11. differently
adv. “不同地，有区别地” e.g. Wei Ming feels differently .different adj. be different from….(与…不同) e.g. Cars are different from buses .difference (可数名词) e.g. There are some differences between cars and buses .12. 现在完成进行时：
&表示从过去某一时间开始到现在经常重复的动作 。（常用延续性动词）构成： have / has + been + 现在分词常与：① since引导从句和for短语 ② all day , all the time , this week ,these days 等连用。e.g. He has been learning English for six years and really loves it .I’ve been playing computer since I came back / for two hours .13. Sometimes , however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly .⑴ however ①“然而，但是（可放句首、中和尾）→but只能放句首。I made a mistake , however.“无论如何（no matter how ）”e.g. However difficult it is ,I’ll work hard .⑵ I find it frustrating that I can’t pass this exam .⑶ quick（adj.）Dquickly(adv) 动作迅速fast (形，副) 运动速度快soon 马上 (时间快)例题： See you ______ . He runs _____ . He is a _____ worker .14．have fun (不可数名词 )
&= enjoy oneself 过得愉快 = have a good / wonderful time15. add
&① “加” e.g. Add three to six you get nine . ② “补充说” e.g. “I’m coming .” Lucy added.16. We get excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese .⑴ excite (v.) “使(sb)兴奋” sth excites sb “某事使某人感到兴奋” e.g. The news excited us .excited (adj.) “兴奋的/激动的(指人对…感到兴奋)” be excited about / at … “对…感到兴奋”e.g. We were excited about/ at the news. We were excited to hear the news .exciting (adj.) “…使人兴奋的(指事物本身使人感到兴奋)”e.g. We had an exciting party yesterday . He told us an exciting news just now .例题： The _______ story made us ________ a lot .⑵ end up = end 反义词组： begin / start with ( end up doing sth = finish doing sth )at the end of …“在…的末尾、末端” e.g. at the end of the concert at the end of the roadin the end “最后”，“终于” (at last, finally ) In the end I decided to stay here.二.Section B.1. To begin with , she spoke too quickly and I couldn’t understand every word .⑴ to begin with “首先，起初”＝ start with = at first⑵ not every 部分否定 “不是每一个” e.g. Not all of us like playing computers .2. real (adv.) “真正的” ?C realize ( v. ) “认识,领悟” [ 后跟名词,代词或从句. ]e.g. You didn’t realize your mistakes . I didn’t realize it until you told me .3. be afraid of ( doing )… “害怕…” e.g. I’m afraid of snakes .be afraid to do sth “害怕做…” e.g. All of us were afraid to do the work .be afraid + 从句 “恐怕…”( 表委婉的拒绝 ) e.g. I’m afraid I can’t .4. later on adv. “后来，以后”e.g. I’ll be seeing you later on .(一段时间＋later on)e.g. I’ll meet you a few days later on. 几天后我会见你的。no later than “不迟于…” sooner or later “迟早”5．laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 make sentences 造句 take/ make/ write notes 记笔记enjoy/ like doing sth 喜欢做某事 = have fun doing sth ☆have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难6．impress vt. ( influence deeply ) “给…深刻印象”① impress sb. with sth e.g. Lucy impressed me with her loveliness .② impress sth on sb e.g. I impressed on him the importance of his work..③ be impressed by / with “被…留下深刻印象” e.g. I was impressed with his words .三.Self checkwrite down ( 动＋副 )“记下” Please write them down .（代词在中，名词中后皆可）This kind of paper feels very soft . 感观动词“摸起来” 实义动词“感觉，认为”I feel he has done his best.make up conversation “编对话” make up （化妆，编借口…,组成）make up one’s mind ( to do ) “决心要做某事” = decide to do sthWhat do you think you’re doing ？“插入语”四.Reading1. ask & answer → question solve → problem2. And unless we deal with our problems , we can easily become unhappy .① unless ( if…not ) “除非, 如果不…” e.g. I will not go unless I hear from him .e.g. Don’t come unless I call you . = Don’t come if I don’t call you .② deal with (← how ) = do with（what）“处理，对付”（That’s a deal ! “成交了”= It’s a deal）e.g. How shall we deal with the thief ? = What are we to do with the thief ?3. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school .① worry about “为…担心”
② affect “影响、感动、假装、喜爱” I was affected by his words.4. influence
①n.“影响力，权力”e.g. the influence of the rain on trees “雨水对树木的影响”②v. “对…有影响” e.g. It can also influence the way we behave with our families .5. be angry at / with sb “对…某人生气” e.g. Gina is angry with her sister .be angry at / about sth “对…某事生气” e.g. Mr Yang was angry with Gina’s homework .get angry “生气” make sb angry “使某人生气”
6. stay + 表语 “保持…”（=remain ）e.g. Sometimes, people can stay angry for years …
7. Time goes by , and good friendships may be lost .① go by “走过，按照” e.g. She wasn’t at home when I went by yesterday .② lose（语气较强）& miss（发现丢失）e.g. You said you had lost your book . When did you miss it ?作定语或表语时：lose －lost（过分） miss － missing（动名）e.g. My new bike is missing . I’ll pay for the lost books.be lost “迷路的” = get lost e.g. I was / got lost in the big city .
8. strict adj. “严格的，精确的” be strict with sb / in sth “对…严格要求”
9. change…into… “把…变成…”
10.regard …as… “把…看作…” = treat …as… = have / take / look on / think of …as…not at all “根本不” e.g. I don’t like milk at all .
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九年级英语unit1知识讲解3
一.学习目标（Language Goal）1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。
二.语言结构（Language Structures）1. Verb + by with gerund by＋动名词短语 表示“通过…途径，方法”2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句
三.目标语言（Target Language）1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？Well , I study by working with my classmates.哦，我和同学们一起学习。2. Have you ever studied with a group ?你曾经参加过学习小组吗？Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way .是的，参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。3. I don’t have a partner to practice English with .我没有同伴可以练习英语。Maybe you should join an English club.或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ?大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？Why don’t you join an English language club ?你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？
四. 重点词汇（Key words and phrases）1. flashcard n. 抽认卡2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的3. memorize v. 记忆，背诵4. aloud adv. 出声地、高声地5. comma n. 逗号6. pronunciation n. 发音7. solution n. 解决办法8. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不）9. end up 结束，告…终10. make mistakes 犯错11. later on 以后；随后12. be afraid to 害怕去做13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）14. take notes 做笔记，做记录15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做…16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成
四.重难点：（Key points and difficulties） 1. by 介词，表示“通过…方法或途径”的意思，译成“靠、通过”by后面可以加名词或动名词短语eg.（1）The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。（2）travel by air （land , sea）航空（陆路、航海）旅行。（3）go by train （boat , bus）乘火车（船，公共汽车）去（4）shake sb by the hand 和某人握手（5）I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。另外，by做为介词的含义有很多，我们也已经学习过一些用法，总结如下（1）在…旁边、靠近eg. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。（2）沿着、经由eg. come by the highway 由公路来（3）由于 eg. by mistake 由于差错（4）被、由 eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章（5）（表示面积）eg. a room 5m,by4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间（6）逐批 eg. One by one 一个接一个（7）表示方法、途径 如上2. “How”questionsHow 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义（1）表示问候eg. How do you do ?How are you ?How’s everything going ?（2）表示“怎样”eg. How is your new house ? 你的新房子怎么样？It’s great. 它太棒了。How do you learn English ? 你是怎样学英文的？I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样的，不能混淆。how通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为“怎么样”，回答通常做状语或表语，what 常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问，意为“什么”，回答通常主语或宾语。试比较：（1）How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表程度，表语）（2）How did you travel around the world ?I travelled by bike. （表方式，状语）（3）What do you learn at school ?I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects.（学习的科目，做宾语）3. 在这一单元中出现的话题是“讨论如何学习”。这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼我们的口语表达能力，又能使我们学到一些实用的方法，对自身的学习大有帮助。如何向别人请教学习方法呢？又如何回答呢？请诵读下面的目标句型：How do you study English ? （运用特殊疑问句）I study by listening to cassetts. （听录音带）I study by studying with a group. （和小组一起学习）by watching English programs on TV. （看英语电视节目）by enjoying English songs. （听英文歌）by taking part in English classes after school . （上课外英语班）by getting an English tutor. （请英语家教）by reading English magazines and newspaper . （读英文杂志、报纸）by surfing the internet. （网上冲浪）by making flashcards. （制作单词认读卡片）by reading the textbook. （读教科书）by asking the teacher for help. （请教老师）by making vocabulary lists. （列单词表）by taking notes carefully . （认真记笔记）by having the English class carefully . （认真上课）by finishing my homework seriously . （认真完成作业）Do you learn English by …? （用一般疑问句）Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.Have you ever studied with a group ? （用完成时态）Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way.What about listening to cassettes ? ［用what about ＋动名词 提问］I do that sometimes. I think it helps.4. 学会评价各种学习方法的优劣（Comment on the ways of learning English）看到了上面各种各样的学习方法，有些眼花缭乱。其实，并不是所有的方法都适合自己。我们要学会判断、评价，然后才能选择最适合自己的用哪些语言才能表达自己的评价呢？请看下面的目标句型：I think studying English by …is…because …如：I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can askothers when you have questions.I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and alwayswaste your time.这个句型较长是个复合句，出现了由because 引导的原因状语从句。进入初三后，我们在写作表达时，要避免再使用仅仅由because 引导的句子，而要写完整的句子。如：不能写Because I slept late . 意思不完整，不清晰要写成I missed the early bus because I slept late .这样，有原因，有结果，才是完整的句子。5. 找出自己在英语学习中的困难 （Find out your own difficulties in learning English）要选择适合自己的学习方法，还必须清楚自己的困难所在，然后才能有的放矢。learning English can be difficult . What things are difficult for you ?我们如何来表达自己学习与遇到的困难呢？如何给出建议呢？请诵读下面的目标句型：说出困难：I have a problem . I can’t remember the new words.I can’t pronounce some of the words.I can’t understand spoken English .I always make mistakes in grammer.I read very slowly.I don’t know how to speak English well.给出建议：You should read English aloud.Listening can help.Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking.Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards.Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible.（请注意不同句式的运用）6. 选择适合自己的学习方法（Choose your suitable learning ways）通过以上各个环节的学习，我们终于可以完成最后的目标－－选择适合自己的方法。如何表达呢？目标句型如下：（注意要给出原因，练习使用because）I (don’t) think I can study English by … , because …（1）I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too.（2）I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home.找到适合自己的方法，写出至少五句。
五.3a in Section A 疑难解释1. ask sb. to do sth.&& 请某人做某事eg. He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle.他请求他母亲给他买一辆新自行车。2. Many said they learnt by using English .许多（学生）说他们通过使用英语来学习。Many在这里是代词，而不是形容词，意为Many students.Many is a large number of something.例如：We can put away many of these plates . We don’t need this many.我们可以把许多盘子收起来，用不着这么多。3. feel + adj. 觉得怎么样eg. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时，我觉得很沮丧。请同学们在学习中注意收集4. not at all 根本不，全然不eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all.not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾5. get excited 变得兴奋起来 get是系动词，有“逐渐变得”的含义get + adjeg. get mad 生气get clear变得清楚了The long journey got the children all tired.长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪。6. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 后面加动名词短语相当于finish doing sth .但要注意与stop doing sth 的区别 ：eg. We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door.另外，end up with … 以…结束The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的歌唱而告终。7. 在3a中，出现了大量的动名词。我们有必要了解动名词的结构及用法，动名词即动词的ing形式，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。eg.（1）I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of learning.doing …为动名词短语，做从句中的主语，而listening 做定语，修饰practice.（2）I’m enjoying learning English . （动名词短语做宾语）（3）Seeing is believing 眼见为实（Seeing 做主语，believing 做表语）
六.3a in Section B 疑难解析1. First of all , it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher.首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。first of all 首先It is (was) …for sb to do sth .在这个句型中，不定式做真正的主语，it是形式主语。2. 一些词组laugh at sb 嘲笑某人take notes 记笔记enjoy doing sth 乐意做某事be impressed 深受感动的3. 在这篇文章中，出现了许多表示顺序或承接的连词或词组。这些词使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰，条理清楚。在写作中，正确使用连接词，会使文章增色不少，提高档次。在文章中，出现的词有：first of all 首先to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随also 也、而且（用于肯定句）either 也（用于否定句）so 因此then然后
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九年级英语Unit1知识点（4）
1. by + doing 通过……方式　如：by studying with a group
& by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等
　　如：I live by the river.
&&&&&&& I have to go back by ten o’clock.
&&&&&&& The thief entered the room by the window.
&&&&&&& The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论　如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?&
如：What/ How about going shopping?
&& ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
&& ③Why not + do sth. ? &&&&&& 如：Why not go shopping?&&&&&&
&& ④Let’s + do sth.&&&&&&&&&&&如： Let’s go shopping
&& ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?&&&& 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多& 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能& 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
&&& 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:& He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.
他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不& 根本不& 如：
&&& I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.
&&& 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
& not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
8.&&& be / get excited about sth.
=== be / get excited about doing sth.&&
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
&& I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
&& I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth&&& 终止做某事，结束做某事& 如：
&&& The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
&& ② end up with sth.&&& 以…结束 如：
&&& The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10.&& first of all 首先
&&&& to begin with 一开始
&&&& later on 后来、随
11.& also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
&&& either 也（用于否定句）常在句末
&&& too& 也 (用于肯定句)&& 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如：
I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
&&&She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
& &enjoy oneself &过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 &…其中之一
&&& 如： She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
&& 如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
&&&&&& 对于我来说学习英语太难了。
&&& 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 &&如：
&&&& She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：
&&&& LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句
&如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
&&&& I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
&& 如：Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：
&&& I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28.& see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do&&& 看见某人在做某事 如：
&& 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
&&&&&&& 她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为….& 如：
　The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31.& too many　许多　修饰可数名词　如：too many girls
too much　许多　修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
&&& much too　太　　修饰形容词&& 如：much too beautiful
32. change…　into…　将…变为…　
如：The magician changed the pen into a book.
&&& 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
&& 如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
　　　　在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to …　把…与…相比　
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
&&& 　　你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
35.& instead 代替　用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）
&&& instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词
　　如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
　　　　I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
　　　　He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
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