求把下面的文章中文翻译成英文
求把下面的文章中文翻译成英文 20
广州自助旅游攻略
　　 广州以它得天独厚的自然环境，别具特色的南国水乡风情，丰富多采的文化娱乐为发展旅游业提供了极为有利的先天条件。本则旅游攻略就带大家走进广州。
　　长隆――老少皆宜的地方
　　在长隆旅游度假区里,有数以万计的珍禽异兽、精彩绝妙的动物表演、原始生态的自然主题、国际顶尖游乐设备，令人身临其境、回味无穷。长隆旅游度假区是国家首批5A景区之一，是集旅游景点，酒店餐饮、娱乐休闲为一体的综合大型旅游度假区，旗下拥有长隆欢乐世界、长隆国际大马戏、长隆水上乐园（建设中）、香江野生动物世界、长隆酒店等9家分公司。9大版块联动，满足游客多元化的旅游度假需求。目前正在建设中的、于暑假期间开始营业
　　交通：
　　1.地铁：乘坐地铁3号线，到汉溪长隆站下车，由E出口到达长隆旅游度假区。
　　2.公交：乘坐512、530、562、247、221、202，到长隆欢乐世界下车。
　　3.乘坐79、122、125、129、301、305、522路线在洛溪新城站转乘202、221、247、512、530、562路车即可到达。
　　门票：
　　长隆欢乐世界：平日160元/人，节假日170元；儿童、长者平日150元，节假日155元；
　　欢乐世界与大马戏套票价：平日210元/人，节假日220元；儿童、长者平日150元，节假日155元；
　　长隆国际大马戏：成人们市价：120元；
　　香江野生动物世界：成人票价：120元；
　　香江+大马戏套票：180元
　　宝墨园――园林艺术瑰宝
　　宝墨园位于番禺沙湾镇紫坭村，建于清末，毁于二十世纪五十年代。1995年重建，历时六载，集清宫文化、岭南古建筑、岭南园林艺术、珠三角水乡特色于一体，建筑、园林、山水、石桥等布局合理，和谐自然，构成一幅副美丽壮观的景色。畅游宝墨园，俯仰间均可饱览岭南园林秀丽风光，使人心旷神怡，流连忘返。
　　交通：
　　从广州流花车站乘车至市桥汽车客运站，再转乘宝墨园专线车。只驾车则可从广州从黄埔大道赛马场（或中山大道的中山立交）上华南快速干线去宝墨园。
　　门票：
　　30元。
　　住宿：
　　番禺从二星级到四星级及无星级的宾馆很多。
　　美食：
　　在宝墨园的树荫流水中，品尝番禺的特色小吃沙湾姜撞奶，别有风味。此外，钟村凤眼果、大石水蒲桃、大石马蹄、大石四季仔、谢村黄姜等都是番禺的特产。
　　清风和音――余荫山房
　　小桥流水长廊迂回曲折，荷莲映趣，白花轻摇慢舞，柳绿成荫，瘦竹婀娜，回廊、窗上都有极具特色的网花窗棂，闲雅精致，阳光透过花窗洒在古筝上，一曲广东音乐红豆相思飘然入耳……位于广东省广州市番禺区南村镇南村，是清道光年间举人邬燕山为纪念其祖父邬余荫而建的私家花园，取名余荫山房，为广东四大名园之一。始建于清同治六年（1867年），同治十年（1971年）建成。
　　交通：
　　在广州坐车到市桥番禺汽车运输公司客运站，转乘“市桥－南村”、“市桥－化龙、新造”方向班车或中巴（约3元）在南村镇站下车，车程约1小时；或于广州火车站乘坐广州－番禺288、282专线车到大石镇站再转乘旅游中巴或出租车。
　　门票：
　　10元。
　　地址：
　　广东番禺南村镇北大街。
　　住宿：
　　番禺从二星级到四星级及无星级的宾馆很多，住宿非常方便。一般可就近进住新垦。
　　美食：
　　特色菜肴有钵仔禾虫、风味龙虱、鱼生、老火汤、牛腩莲藕煲、发财就手、消暑冬瓜盅。特色小吃有家乡莲藕饼、蒸莲藕粉、煎芋饼、沙湾白饼。
　　采石遗址――莲花山
　　莲花山石景区是自西汉始创、具有2000多年历史的古采石场遗址，悬崖峭壁，奇岩异洞，鬼斧神工，以“人工无意夺天工”的石景奇观闻名于世，是国内仅见的“人工丹霞”奇迹。它与湖北大冶古铜矿遗址并称为我国两大古矿场，于2001年被国务院评定为第五批全国重点文物保护单位。莲花山还有始建于明朝万历（公元1612年）年间的莲花塔和始建于清朝康熙（公元1664年）年间的莲花城等古迹，均被列为省级文物保护单位。
　　交通：
　　到番禺市桥的乘车点有：广州大基头、广州汽车站、广州东圃客运站、广州火车东站。自驾线路有3条：1、从黄埔大道上华南快线，在土华转南沙港快速在石基下，清河东路往前走就是莲花山；2、从黄埔大道转科韵路，向大学城方向，上南沙港快速路在石基下；3、从华南快线，过番禺大桥，走迎宾路，到了清河东路转左。
　　门票：
　　30元。
　　地址：
　　珠江口狮子洋畔。
　　住宿：
　　位于莲花山顶的粤海度假酒店是一座配套设施齐备的三星级酒店。
Guangzhou self-help tour guide
Guangzhou with its unique natural environment and distinctive austral amorous feelings, the rich cultural region for the development of tourism, entertainment provided extremely advantageous condition. The tour guide is to take you into guangzhou.Both young chime-long -- the placeIn the resorts zhanglongjiudian, tens of thousands of exotics, excellent performance, the original ecology of nature, international top amusement equipment, a scene, and memorable. The first is the national chime-long resort area, which is one 5A scenic tourist hotel catering, entertainment, leisure is a body comprehensive large resort, with joy to the world, zhanglongjiudian chime-long international circus, construction of water park (zhanglongjiudian), baomo wildlife world, 9 branches chime-long hotel. 9 large sections of diversification, satisfy tourist linkage of tourist vacation needs. Currently, in the construction business during the summer vacationTransportation:1 subway: take metro line 3, to chime-long station, han brook by E export to chime-long tourist resort.2: take bus 512, 53, 888, 247, 221, 202, to chime-long joy to the world.3 take 79, 122, 125, 129, 301, 305, 522 route in city stood to 202, case.students 221 and 247, 512, 53, 562 bus.Tickets:Joy to the world: ferial zhanglongjiudian 160 yuan/person, holiday 170 yuan, Children, the elderly ferial 150 yuan, holiday 155 yuan,With great joy to the world circus set fares: ferial 210 yuan/person, holiday 220 yuan, Children, the elderly ferial 150 yuan, holiday 155 yuan,Large international circus: zhanglongjiudian price: $120 into people,Xiangjiang wildlife world: adult fare: 120 yuan,Package: big circus baomo + 180 yuanPlace - art treasures gardenPlace is located in panyu ShaWanZhen purple, built in qing dynasty, video village destroyed in the 1950s. In 1995, the last six years, rebuilding culture, ancient palace set of lingnan garden art, the pearl river delta, lingnan region characteristic, architecture, landscape and landscape, stone etc layout is reasonable, the harmonious nature, a deputy beautiful spectacular scenery. Cruise treasure, all can enjoy between pitching lingnan gardens, beautiful scenery, make people relaxed and happy.Transportation:From guangzhou liuhua station bus to the city bridge, change to bus passenger ZhuanXianChe place. Just drive from guangzhou is from huangpu road racing (or the sun zhongshan road overpass) south route to place quickly.Tickets:30 yuan.Accommodation:Panyu from two to four and WuXingJi hotel.Food:In this place, in the shade water tasting panyu characteristics snacks shawan ginger milk, have a distinctive flavour. In addition, the clock in village, stone, stone water acuminatissima horseshoe, big four seasons, xie village turmeric is panyu specialties.Breeze and sound -- the shadow mountainBridges corridor twists and turns, Ephraim, white light reflected wave slow dance, orange, green, thin bamboo shade into the corridor, graceful and have distinguishing feature extremely refined, the nets take lattice window, sunshine through delicate flowers in guzheng, a cantonese music ormosia lovesickness floating object... Guangzhou panyu district is located in guangdong province NaCunZhen south village, is a clear memory WuYanShan daoguang years for his grandfather built over the surname the shadow of the private gardens, named yu shade, for guangdong mountain is one of the four gardens. Founded in qing manage six (1867), stagnation years (1971).Transportation:In guangzhou panyu car ride to bridge the change, "city bridge - south village", "city of dragons, the new bridge - made" direction bus or taxies (about 3 yuan) in NaCunZhen stop, about 1 hour, Guangzhou train station in guangzhou or ZhuanXianChe 282 - panyu 288, stone town to stand again to travel round or a taxi.Tickets:10 yuan.Address:Guangdong NaCunZhen panyu BeiDaJie.Accommodation:Panyu from two to four and WuXingJi hotel accommodations, very convenient. General can come into living xinken.Food:Wang cuisines from there, and cultivating artificial longshi stacks absorb flavors, old fire soup, brisket lotus, rich in wax gourd, cultivated the cup. Hometown characteristics snacks are OuFen lotus lotus, steamed bread, cake, taro cakes, cheung sha wan white.Quarrying site - lotusLotus is established since han scenic rocks, with a history of over 2000 years old quarry site, cliffs, odd rocks with different hole, wonder "artificial accidentally take exploitation of" ShiJing wonders known, is the only "artificial danxia" miracle. It and the hubei daye ancient ruins and called in copper mine, the two big in 2001 by state council assessment for the fifth group of national key units to be protected. There was built during the lotus in 1612 (A.D.) years of lotus tower and built qing dynasty emperor kangxi (A.D. 1664) years of lotus city, such as historical provincial units to be protected.Transportation:FanYuShi bridge to ride a big head, guangzhou, guangzhou east bus station of guangzhou, nurseries, guangzhou east railway passenger. Drive circuit is 3:1, from huangpu road in the south, soil faster in nansha port quick turn China ShiJi qinghe, straight road is the lotus flower, 2, from huangpu road to regulate rhyme, direction, the university ShiJi in nansha port expressway. 3, from the south, fast line, YingBinLu panyu bridge, east to turn left. QingheTickets:30 yuan.Address:Exampled by the lion.Accommodation:Located in the guangdong-hainan lotus resort hotel is a three-star hotel facilities are complete.
其他回答 (1)
Guangzhou self-help tour guide
广州以它得天独厚的自然环境，别具特色的南国水乡风情，丰富多采的文化娱乐为发展旅游业提供了极为有利的先天条件。Guangzhou with its unique natural environment and distinctive austral amorous feelings, the rich cultural region for the development of tourism, entertainment provided extremely advantageous condition.本则旅游攻略就带大家走进广州。The tour guide is to take you into guangzhou.
长隆――老少皆宜的地方Both young chime-long -- the place
在长隆旅游度假区里,有数以万计的珍禽异兽、精彩绝妙的动物表演、原始生态的自然主题、国际顶尖游乐设备，令人身临其境、回味无穷。In the resorts zhanglongjiudian, tens of thousands of exotics, excellent performance, the original ecology of nature, international top amusement equipment, a scene, and memorable.长隆旅游度假区是国家首批5A景区之一，是集旅游景点，酒店餐饮、娱乐休闲为一体的综合大型旅游度假区，旗下拥有长隆欢乐世界、长隆国际大马戏、长隆水上乐园（建设中）、香江野生动物世界、长隆酒店等9家分公司。The first is the national chime-long resort area, which is one 5A scenic tourist hotel catering, entertainment, leisure is a body comprehensive large resort, with joy to the world, zhanglongjiudian chime-long international circus, construction of water park (zhanglongjiudian), baomo wildlife world, 9 branches chime-long hotel.9大版块联动，满足游客多元化的旅游度假需求。9 large sections of diversification, satisfy tourist linkage of tourist vacation needs.目前正在建设中的、于暑假期间开始营业Currently, in the construction business during the summer vacation
交通：Transportation:
1.地铁：乘坐地铁3号线，到汉溪长隆站下车，由E出口到达长隆旅游度假区。1 subway: take metro line 3, to chime-long station, han brook by E export to chime-long tourist resort.
2.公交：乘坐512、530、562、247、221、202，到长隆欢乐世界下车。2: take bus 512, 53, 888, 247, 221, 202, to chime-long joy to the world.
3.乘坐79、122、125、129、301、305、522路线在洛溪新城站转乘202、221、247、512、530、562路车即可到达。3 take 79, 122, 125, 129, 301, 305, 522 route in city stood to 202, case.students 221 and 247, 512, 53, 562 bus.
门票：Tickets:
长隆欢乐世界：平日160元/人，节假日170元；Joy to the world: ferial zhanglongjiudian 160 yuan/person, holiday 170 yuan,儿童、长者平日150元，节假日155元；Children, the elderly ferial 150 yuan, holiday 155 yuan,
欢乐世界与大马戏套票价：平日210元/人，节假日220元；With great joy to the world circus set fares: ferial 210 yuan/person, holiday 220 yuan,儿童、长者平日150元，节假日155元；Children, the elderly ferial 150 yuan, holiday 155 yuan,
长隆国际大马戏：成人们市价：120元；Large international circus: zhanglongjiudian price: $120 into people,
香江野生动物世界：成人票价：120元；Xiangjiang wildlife world: adult fare: 120 yuan,
香江+大马戏套票：180元Package: big circus baomo + 180 yuan
宝墨园――园林艺术瑰宝Place - art treasures garden
宝墨园位于番禺沙湾镇紫坭村，建于清末，毁于二十世纪五十年代。Place is located in panyu ShaWanZhen purple, built in qing dynasty, video village destroyed in the 年重建，历时六载，集清宫文化、岭南古建筑、岭南园林艺术、珠三角水乡特色于一体，建筑、园林、山水、石桥等布局合理，和谐自然，构成一幅副美丽壮观的景色。In 1995, the last six years, rebuilding culture, ancient palace set of lingnan garden art, the pearl river delta, lingnan region characteristic, architecture, landscape and landscape, stone etc layout is reasonable, the harmonious nature, a deputy beautiful spectacular scenery.畅游宝墨园，俯仰间均可饱览岭南园林秀丽风光，使人心旷神怡，流连忘返。Cruise treasure, all can enjoy between pitching lingnan gardens, beautiful scenery, make people relaxed and happy.
交通：Transportation:
从广州流花车站乘车至市桥汽车客运站，再转乘宝墨园专线车。From guangzhou liuhua station bus to the city bridge, change to bus passenger ZhuanXianChe place.只驾车则可从广州从黄埔大道赛马场（或中山大道的中山立交）上华南快速干线去宝墨园。Just drive from guangzhou is from huangpu road racing (or the sun zhongshan road overpass) south route to place quickly.
门票：Tickets:
30元。30 yuan.
住宿：Accommodation:
番禺从二星级到四星级及无星级的宾馆很多。Panyu from two to four and WuXingJi hotel.
美食：Food:
在宝墨园的树荫流水中，品尝番禺的特色小吃沙湾姜撞奶，别有风味。In this place, in the shade water tasting panyu characteristics snacks shawan ginger milk, have a distinctive flavour.此外，钟村凤眼果、大石水蒲桃、大石马蹄、大石四季仔、谢村黄姜等都是番禺的特产。In addition, the clock in village, stone, stone water acuminatissima horseshoe, big four seasons, xie village turmeric is panyu specialties.
清风和音――余荫山房Breeze and sound -- the shadow mountain
小桥流水长廊迂回曲折，荷莲映趣，白花轻摇慢舞，柳绿成荫，瘦竹婀娜，回廊、窗上都有极具特色的网花窗棂，闲雅精致，阳光透过花窗洒在古筝上，一曲广东音乐红豆相思飘然入耳……Bridges corridor twists and turns, Ephraim, white light reflected wave slow dance, orange, green, thin bamboo shade into the corridor, graceful and have distinguishing feature extremely refined, the nets take lattice window, sunshine through delicate flowers in guzheng, a cantonese music ormosia lovesickness floating object...位于广东省广州市番禺区南村镇南村，是清道光年间举人邬燕山为纪念其祖父邬余荫而建的私家花园，取名余荫山房，为广东四大名园之一。Guangzhou panyu district is located in guangdong province NaCunZhen south village, is a clear memory WuYanShan daoguang years for his grandfather built over the surname the shadow of the private gardens, named yu shade, for guangdong mountain is one of the four gardens.始建于清同治六年（1867年），同治十年（1971年）建成。Founded in qing manage six (1867), stagnation years (1971).
交通：Transportation:
在广州坐车到市桥番禺汽车运输公司客运站，转乘“市桥-南村”、“市桥-化龙、新造”方向班车或中巴（约3元）在南村镇站下车，车程约1小时；In guangzhou panyu car ride to bridge the change, "city bridge - south village", "city of dragons, the new bridge - made" direction bus or taxies (about 3 yuan) in NaCunZhen stop, about 1 hour,或于广州火车站乘坐广州-番禺288、282专线车到大石镇站再转乘旅游中巴或出租车。Guangzhou train station in guangzhou or ZhuanXianChe 282 - panyu 288, stone town to stand again to travel round or a taxi.
门票：Tickets:
10元。10 yuan.
地址：Address:
广东番禺南村镇北大街。Guangdong NaCunZhen panyu BeiDaJie.
住宿：Accommodation:
番禺从二星级到四星级及无星级的宾馆很多，住宿非常方便。Panyu from two to four and WuXingJi hotel accommodations, very convenient.一般可就近进住新垦。General can come into living xinken.
美食：Food:
特色菜肴有钵仔禾虫、风味龙虱、鱼生、老火汤、牛腩莲藕煲、发财就手、消暑冬瓜盅。Wang cuisines from there, and cultivating artificial longshi stacks absorb flavors, old fire soup, brisket lotus, rich in wax gourd, cultivated the cup.特色小吃有家乡莲藕饼、蒸莲藕粉、煎芋饼、沙湾白饼。Hometown characteristics snacks are OuFen lotus lotus, steamed bread, cake, taro cakes, cheung sha wan white.
采石遗址――莲花山Quarrying site - lotus
莲花山石景区是自西汉始创、具有2000多年历史的古采石场遗址，悬崖峭壁，奇岩异洞，鬼斧神工，以“人工无意夺天工”的石景奇观闻名于世，是国内仅见的“人工丹霞”奇迹。Lotus is established since han scenic rocks, with a history of over 2000 years old quarry site, cliffs, odd rocks with different hole, wonder "artificial accidentally take exploitation of" ShiJing wonders known, is the only "artificial danxia" miracle.它与湖北大冶古铜矿遗址并称为我国两大古矿场，于2001年被国务院评定为第五批全国重点文物保护单位。It and the hubei daye ancient ruins and called in copper mine, the two big in 2001 by state council assessment for the fifth group of national key units to be protected.莲花山还有始建于明朝万历（公元1612年）年间的莲花塔和始建于清朝康熙（公元1664年）年间的莲花城等古迹，均被列为省级文物保护单位。There was built during the lotus in 1612 (A.D.) years of lotus tower and built qing dynasty emperor kangxi (A.D. 1664) years of lotus city, such as historical provincial units to be protected.
交通：Transportation:
到番禺市桥的乘车点有：广州大基头、广州汽车站、广州东圃客运站、广州火车东站。FanYuShi bridge to ride a big head, guangzhou, guangzhou east bus station of guangzhou, nurseries, guangzhou east railway passenger.自驾线路有3条：1、从黄埔大道上华南快线，在土华转南沙港快速在石基下，清河东路往前走就是莲花山；Drive circuit is 3:1, from huangpu road in the south, soil faster in nansha port quick turn China ShiJi qinghe, straight road is the lotus flower,2、从黄埔大道转科韵路，向大学城方向，上南沙港快速路在石基下；2, from huangpu road to regulate rhyme, direction, the university ShiJi in nansha port expressway.3、从华南快线，过番禺大桥，走迎宾路，到了清河东路转左。3, from the south, fast line, YingBinLu panyu bridge, east to turn left. Qinghe
门票：Tickets:
30元。30 yuan.
地址：Address:
珠江口狮子洋畔。Exampled by the lion.
住宿：Accommodation:
位于莲花山顶的粤海度假酒店是一座配套设施齐备的三星级酒店。Located in the guangdong-hainan lotus resort hotel is a three-star hotel facilities are complete.
相关知识等待您来回答
外语领域专家求模具相关中英文翻译文章_百度作业帮
求模具相关中英文翻译文章
中英文互译：塑料压缩模
在压缩成型过程中,塑料原料是以粉状或锭料形式放置在加热的金属模具型腔中.因为分型面是水平面,上模就垂直下行.闭合模具后,预成型加压加热作用一段时间.在压力为2~3t/in和温度为华氏温度350的作用下,是塑料呈半液态,充满模具型腔.虽然近年来开发的酚醛树脂可在25S内塑化,但塑料通常的塑化需要1~15min.最后开模取出塑件.如果零件中含有金属嵌件,应在注入塑料前,讲嵌件放入型腔定位孔中.锭料在装入模腔前预热出去气体,增强流动性,以便于充满模具和缩短塑化时间.电介质加热时加热锭料的便利方法.
因为塑料是直接加入模具型腔中的,所以压缩模比其他模塑料工艺的模具简单,不需要浇道和浇口,可以节省原料,因为清理浇道和浇口,对热固性塑料来说是极大的浪费.用于压缩模塑的压力机通常是垂直液压机.较大的压力机要求操作者全神贯注地操作；然而,一个操作者可以同时操作几台小型压力机,因此压力机要合理放置以便操作者能够方便你从一台到另一台进行操作,操作者要保证当他再次绕道特定压力机前时,模具恰好准备开模.
热固性塑料在加热和加压作用下固化,这个特性决定其适合压缩模和传递模.因为压缩模要交替的加热和冷却,所以热塑性塑料实际上不是用于压缩成型.为了使热塑性塑料之间硬化并从型腔中顶出,就需要将塑件冷却.
压缩模的类型. 用于压缩的模具可分为四种基本类型,分别是:不溢式压缩模、挡环不溢式压缩模、溢式压缩模和半溢式压缩模.在不溢式压缩模中,柱塞式凸模随上模进入下模模腔成型,因为下模没有挡环或限位装置,柱塞式凸模继续下行以全部压力施加在塑料上,这样就成产出具有良好电性能和物理性能的致密塑件.加入模腔的塑料剂量须精确计量,以为其影响零件的壁厚.挡环不溢式压缩模与不溢式压缩模类似,只是在预定点处增加了挡环,使柱塞式凸模在预定点停止运动,在这种模具中挡环吸收了原应作用在零件上的部分压力.这种压缩模可精确控制零件的壁厚,但是塑件密度的变化是相当大的.在溢式压缩模中,溢料会增加上下模的尺寸.当上模对塑料施压时,多余的塑料会从分型面处溢出.对溢料进一步施压,他就硬化最后在上模形成飞边.生产致密塑件通常需要使用的计算量稍多的原料来增加压力.这种类型的模具之所以在生产中广泛采用,是因为它想对比较容易制造,并能够控制塑件的厚度和致密度,使其更接近要求.半溢式压缩模是溢式压缩模和不溢式压缩模的组合类型,除了飞边外,采用的挡环可限制上模的移动.注塑模重要性1．塑料具有密度小、质量轻、比强度大、绝缘性好、介电损耗低、化学稳定性强、成型生产率高和价格低廉等优点,在国民经济和人民日常生活的各个领域得到了日益广泛的应用,早在二十世纪九十年代初,塑料的年产量按体积计算已经超过钢铁和有色金属年产量的总和.在机电（如所谓的黑色家电）、仪表、化工、汽车和航天航空等领域,塑料已成为金属的良好代用材料,出现了金属材料塑料化的趋势.2．以汽车工业为例,由于汽车轻量化、低能耗的发展要求,汽车零部件的材料构成发生了明显的以塑代钢的变化,目前我国汽车塑料占汽车自重的5%至6%,而国外已达13%,根据专家预测,汽车塑料的单车用量还将会进一步增加.在现代车辆上,无论是外装饰件、内装饰件,还是功能与结构件,都可以采用塑料材料,外装饰件有保险杠、挡泥板、车轮罩、导流板等；内装饰件有仪表板、车门内板、副仪表板、杂物箱盖、座椅、后护板等；功能与结构件有油箱、散热器水室、空滤器罩、风扇叶片等.据统计,我国2000年汽车产量200多万辆,车用塑料达138万吨.从国内外汽车塑料应用的情况看,汽车塑料的用量现已成为衡量汽车生产技术水平的标志之一.3．作为塑料制件最有效的成型方法之一的注塑成型由于可以一次成型各种结构复杂、尺寸精密和带有金属嵌件的制品,并且成型周期短,可以一模多腔,生产率高,大批生产时成本低廉,易于实现自动化生产,因此在塑料加工行业中占有非常重要的地位.据统计,塑料模具约占所有模具（包括金属模）的38.2%,塑料制品总重量的大约32%是用于注射成型的,80%以上的工程塑料制品都要采用注射成型方式生产.4．根据海关统计,我国2000年共进口模具9.77亿美元,其中塑胶模具共5.5亿美元,占56.3%,2001年共进口模具11.12亿美元,其中塑胶模具共6.16亿美元,占55.4%.从品种上来说,进口量最大的是塑胶模具.
Compression Molding for PlasticsIn compression molding the palstic material as powder or preforms is placed into a heated steel mold cavity,Since the parting surface is in a horizontal plane ,the upper half of the mold descends vertically.It closes the mold cavity and pressures for a predetermined period.A pressure of from 2 to 3 tons square inch and a temperaure at approximately 350F converts the plastic to a semiliquid which flows to all parts of the mold cavity.Usually from 1 to 15 minutes is required for curing,altough a recently developed alkyd plastic will cure in less than 25 secends. The mold is then opended and the molded part removed.If metal insers are desired in the parts,they should be placed in the mold cavity on pins or in the holes before the plastic is loaded.Also, the preforms should be preheated before loading into the mold cavity to eliminate gases,inprove flow,and decrease curing time.Dieletric heating is a convenient method of heating the preforms.
Since the plastic material is placed directly into the mold cavity,the mold itself can be simpler than those used for other molding precesses.Gates and sprues are unnecessary.This also results in a saving in material,because trimmed-off gates and sprues would be a complete loss of the thermosetting plastic.The press require the full attention of one operator.However,several smaller presses can be operated by one operator. The presses are conveniently located so the operator can easilymove from one to the next.By the time he gets around to a particular press again,that mold will be ready to open.the thermosetting plastics which harden under heat and pressure are suitable for compression molding and transfer molding.It is not practical to moid shermoplastic materials by these methods,since the molds would have to be alternately heated and cooled.In order to harden and eject thermoplastic parts form the mold,cooling would be necessary.
Types of molds for compression molding.The molds used for compression molding are classified into four basic types,namely,positive molds,landed positive mold,flash-type molds,and semipositive molds.In a positive mold the plunger on the upper mold enters the lower mold cavity.since there are no lands or stops on the lower die ,the plunger completely trap the plastic material and descends with full pressure on the charge.A dense part with good electrical and physical properties is produced.The amount of plastic placed in the die cavity must be accurately measured,since it determines the thickness of the part .A landed positive mold is similar to a positive mold except that lands are added to stop the travel of the plunger at predetermined point.In this case,the lands absorb some of the pressure that should be exerted on the parts.The thickness of the parts will be accurately controlled,but the density may vary cansideraby.In a flash-type mold,flash redges are added ti the top and bottom molds.As the upper mold exerts pressure on the plastic,excess material is forced out between the flash ridges where it forms flash.This flash is further compressed.becomes hardened,and finally stops the downard thavel of the upper mold.A slight excess of the plastic material is always chared to ensure sufficient pressurs to produce a dense molded part.This type of mold is widely used because it is comparatively easy to construct and it controls thickness and density within colse limits.The semipositive mold is a combination od the flash type and landed posive molds.In addition to the flash ridges,a land is employed to restrict the travel of the upper mold.一、Injects the mold the importance1. Plastics have the density small, the quality light, the specific tenacity big, the insulating property good, the dielectric loss low, the chemical stability strong, the formation productivity high and the price inexpensive and so on the merits, obtained day by day the widespread application in the national economy and people's daily life each domain, as early as in the beginning of 1990s, the plastic annual output already surpassed the steel and iron and the non-ferrous metal annual output sum total according to the volume computation.In mechanical and electrical (for example so-called black electrical appliances), domains and so on measuring appliance, chemical, automobile and astronautics aviation, the plastic has become the metal the good substitution material, had the metal material plastic tendency.2. Take the automobile industry as the example, as a result of the automobile lightweight, the low energy consumption development request, the automobile spare part material constitution occurred obviously has modelled the band steel the change, at present our country automobile plastic accounts for 5% which the automobile was self-possessed to 6%, but overseas has reached 13%, forecast according to the expert, the automobile plastic bicycle amount used will also be able further to increase.On modern vehicles, regardless of is outside installs the assorted items, the internal installation assorted items, the function and the structural element, all may use the plastic material, outside installs the assorted items to have the bumper, the fender, the wheel hub cap, the air After the internal installation assorted items have in the display board, the vehicle door the board, the vice-display board, the sundry goods box lid, the chair, the gu The function and the structural element have the fuel tank, the radiator header, the spatial filter hood, the fan blade and so on.Statistics have indicated, our country in 2000 automobile output more than 200 ten thousand, the vehicle amounted to 1,380,000 tons with the plastic.Looked from the domestic and foreign automobile plastic application situation that, the automobile plastic amount used already became one of weight automobile production technical level symbols.3.
Injection of a molding formation as plastic workpiece most effective formation methods because may by one time take shape each kind of structure complex, the size precise and has the metal to inlay a product, and the formation cycle is short, may by mold multi-cavities, the productivity be high, when mass productions the cost is inexpensive, easy to realize the automated production, therefore holds the extremely important status in the plastic processing profession.Statistics have indicated, plastic mold composition all molds (including metal pattern) 38.2%, the plastic product gross weight about 32% is uses in injecting the formation, 80% above engineering plastics product all must use the injection formation way production. 4. counts according to the customs, our country in 2000 altogether imported mold 977,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 550,000,000 US dollars, occupied for 56.3%,2001 years altogether to import mold 1,112,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 616,000,000 US dollars, accounted for 55.4%.From the variety, the import volume biggest is the plastic molding forms.4. Counts according to the customs, our country in 2000 altogether imported mold 977,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 550,000,000 US dollars, occupied for 56.3%,2001 years altogether to import mold 1,112,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 616,000,000 US dollars, accounted for 55.4%.From the variety, the import volume biggest is the plastic molding forms.
您可能关注的推广回答者：