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出门在外也不愁From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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by . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008)
Old RFDS logo at
One of the original
machines used flown by Qantas, in this case doing ambulance work, delivering a patient at Brisbane in 1931.
on a remote airstrip
The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctor) is one of the largest and most comprehensive aeromedical organisations in the world. It provides emergency and primary health care services for those living in rural, remote and
areas of Australia. It is a
which provides health care to people who cannot access a hospital or
due to the vast distances of the .
had worked in rural and remote areas of Victoria and was commissioned by the Presbyterian Church to look at the needs of Outback people. His report to the Presbyterian Assembly in 1912 resulted in the establishment of the
(AIM), of which he was appointed Superintendent. In 1928, he formed the AIM Aerial Medical Service a 1-year experiment based in . This experiment later became The Royal Flying Doctor Service.
work involved the establishment of hospitals in
communities. This, however, did not help those who lived far from any major community. In his public speaking he would often retell the tragic circumstances that had befallen several bush settlers. The fate of Jimmy Darcy, in 1917, was one of these stories.
Darcy was a stockman at , a remote
in Western Australia. After being found injured, with a ruptured bladder, by some friends, he was transported over 30 miles (12 hours), to the nearest town, . Here, Darcy was met by FW Tuckett, the Postmaster, and the only man in the settlement trained in first aid. Tuckett said there was nothing he could reliably do for injuries so serious, and tried unsuccessfully to contact doctors at , and then , by telegraph. He eventually got through to a doctor in . Through communication by , Dr Holland guided Tuckett through two rather messy bladder operations using the only sharp instrument available, a . Due to the total absence of any medical facilities, Darcy had been operated on strapped to the Post Office counter, having first been made insensible with whisky. Holland then travelled 10 days to
on a boat for cattle transport, a Model T Ford, a , and even on foot, only to find that Darcy had died the day before. To rub salt in the wound, the operations had been successful, but the stockman had died from an undiagnosed case of
and a ruptured
It was from stories such as this that Flynn, and his following at the AIM, became inspired to develop a route of communications that could solve the problem of remoteness. However, no feasible technology seemed apparent.
Dispatch service,
Victorian pilot Lieutenant Clifford Peel had heard Flynn's public speeches, and on being shipped out to France for World War I in 1917, sent Flynn a letter explaining how he had seen a missionary doctor visiting isolated patients using a plane. Assisted by costing estimates by Peel, Flynn immediately took the idea of using aircraft to begin his idea, and published Peel's idea in the church's newsletter. Peel
in 1918, probably not even knowing the impact he had in the creation of an Australian icon.
Along with motorised flight, another new technology was being developed that could replace the complicated means of communication by telegraph. Together with , Flynn began experiments with radio in the mid-1920s to enable remote outposts to contact a centralised medical base. The
was the first result of this collaboration. These were distributed gradually to ,
and other human residences around , the base site for a 50-watt .
By 1928, Flynn had gathered sufficient funds through
activities to launch the experiment of the AMS on 15 May. Its supporters included industrialist , medical doctor , and , one of the founders of Queensland and Northern Territory Air Service, the company which would go on to become . Qantas supplied the first aircraft to the fledgling organisation, VH-UER a , dubbed "Victory". On 17 May 1928, two days after inception, the service's first official flight piloted by
departed from Cloncurry, 85 miles to
in , where the plane was met by over 100 people at the . Qantas charged two shillings per mile for use of the Victory during the first year of the project.
Dispatch service building, Alice Springs
Within the first year of operations, the service flew approximately 20,000 miles in 50 flights, becoming the first comprehensive air ambulance service in the world. The service persisted through some very tough first few years, dealing with postwar Australia and the
of the 1930s. During its first few decades the service relied heavily on community fundraising, volunteer support and donations. Nowadays, the service is supported by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, but still relies heavily on fundraising and donations from the community to purchase and medically equip its aircraft, and to finance other major capital initiatives. Until the 1960s the service predominantly hired aircraft, pilots and service technicians from contractors. After this point, the service moved on to purchasing its own equipment and employing its own pilots and mechanics.
In 1932, the success from its operations in Cloncurry, and the increasing public awareness to this quite vital rural service, resulted in a push for a national network of flying doctors, hopefully with sponsorship from the government. In 1934 this was realised with the new Australian Aerial Medical Service opening up "Sections" across the nation. Bases were set up in Wyndham, , , ,
and . The Queensland experiment was expanded with two additional bases opening in
and . An official Federal Council for the organisation was formed in 1936. In 1942 it was again renamed to Flying Doctor Service, with Royal being bestowed upon the service in 1955. On 22 October 1958,
car manufacturers donated their 500,000th vehicle to the service in Melbourne
Sister Myra Blanch was one of the first nurses, known as "Flying Sisters", to join the service. She was key in the
Section operations during the 1940s and 50s, even though Flying Nurses didn't actually become regular until the 1960s and now around 60% of patient transports are conducted with an RFDS nurse and pilot only on board. Nurses have been responsible for two innovations to the service, the "medical chest" (1942), which was later to incorporate the RFDS official "body chart" (1951). The chart is an anatomical representation of a human being, with areas clearly numbered. With such a chart on the scene of a situation, a remote doctor can ask the patient "which number is the pain felt?" and receive an easily comprehensible reply. The medicines contained within the chest are similarly numbered for ease in the communications of specific medical instructions.
A sign on the
indicating that an RFDS emergency airstrip is ahead. There are four such strips on the highway.
The service is still heavily reliant on community support for funding, and is well respected across the country as an organisation that has contributed much to rural, regional and remote communities.
Its services include:
Emergency – primary response to accident or illness
Emergency evacuation, air ambulance services
Telehealth – 24 hours per day, 7 days per week telephone and radio medical consultation services
Primary health care clinics – the transportation of a
for regular clinical visits to remote areas (often a circuit visiting several communities and/or stations). Clinics include general practice, nursing services, child and maternal health, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, Rural Women's GP Service, mental health, dental services, allied health and medical specialists.
Consultation, communication, and support for rural and remote doctors across Australia
Inter-hospital transfer of patients
Education and training opportunities and midwifery scholarships
The service also uses not just aircraft but also
and other utility land vehicles to aid in transportation and communications.
A Beechcraft B200 King Air modified with B200C-style large entry door, operated by the RFDS South Eastern Section on behalf of the
A Pilatus PC-12 of RFDS Central Operations parked near the RFDS/Ambulance Service of New South Wales Base at Sydney Airport
The RFDS is made up of seven legal entities – National Office, Central Operations, Queensland Section, South Eastern Section, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Operations. The RFDS operates in a federated structure and each of the seven entities has its own Board and Management. Each entity operates independently, both financially and operationally.
The Flying Doctor operates from 21 bases, five health facilities and 10 other facilities (including marketing, fundraising and public relations as well as the national office) across Australia.
RFDS Bases are operated by:
Central Operations – with bases at ,
and , with two primary health care facilities at
South Eastern Section – ; , New South W ; ; and
in Sydney.
Victoria Operations - bases across the state, including , , Essendon A
and . The Victorian Section office is in Richmond, an inner eastern suburb of Melbourne.
Queensland Section – , , , , , ,
Western Operations – , , , 's , and
Stations at ,
have closed, while the original base at Cloncurry was moved to Mount Isa in 1965 and the early base at Charters Towers moved to Cairns in 1972.
The first aircraft operated by the "Aerial Medical Service" in 1928 was a
hired from the fledgling
(Qantas). It was replaced in 1934 by a .
During the 1930s and 1940s the fleet consisted of a mix of de Havilland , , ,
From the 1950s to 1970s, the fleet included the , , , , , , ,
Aircraft were provided by contractors until the 1960s. Subsequently the RFDS owned its own aircraft and employed its own pilots and engineers.
on display at the RFDS base Broken Hill. This was not an actual RFDS aircraft but has been repainted to represent one of the Nomads based there.
A Hawker 800XP2 at Broome Airport. The aircraft is sponsored by .
In the 1970s and 1980s the RFDS base at Broken Hill operated the Australian-made .
From the 1980s to 2000s, the fleet included the
For a time in the mid-2000s the aeromedical evacuation aircraft used were either the
or the . The internal configuration of these two aircraft varies in the different RFDS sections. Typically they are configured with two rear-facing seats which look onto two stretchers. In some aircraft, one stretcher can be removed quickly and two seats slipped into place instead.
Both the PC-12 and King Air are pressurised and so can be used to safely transport patients who would not otherwise tolerate the decreased atmospheric pressures involved in non-pressurised aircraft. By flying at a lower altitude than usual, the internal cabin pressure can be maintained throughout the flight at sea level. This is important for patients critically sensitive to pressure changes.
In addition, pressurised aircraft can fly at a sufficiently high altitude to be above turbulent weather conditions. This is of great benefit in providing an environment safe for the patient and staff, and also limits complications of aeromedical transport such as
and exacerbation of injuries such as unstable fractures.
In October 2009 the standardisation on the two aircraft types ended when two
and a XP joined the fleet.
As of June 2012 the RFDS fleet numbers 61 (this figure does not include aircraft which will be decommissioned in 2012–13).
The South Eastern Section operates 19 King Airs including 17 B200Cs and two B300C; the Queensland Section has 15 King Airs including three B200Cs, three PC-12s and the two C Western Operations has 14PC-12s and the Hawker 800XP; while Central Operations has a PC-12 fleet numbering 14 aircraft.
Early in 2014 Western Australian Operations ordered 3
Jet aircraft and an option for one more. The aircraft is expected to be certified by the
Memorial to RFDS pilot, , the "Sugarbird Lady" at
According to the RFDS National Office 2011/12 Annual Report the service owns 61 aircraft, and operates 21 bases with 1,150 employees. Each day, on average, the service:
travels 72,870 kilometres by air
performs 203 landings
has 750 patient contacts (includes patients at clinics, patient transports and telehealth)
transports 112 patients (includes primary evacuations, inter-hospital transfer, transports from clinics, repatriations and road transports by Victoria Mobile Patient Care Service)
conducts 243
The , which links outback students with centralised teachers, until recently used the same radio equipment as the RFDS. This has been surpassed with the availability of internet services.
The RFDS was the subject of the TV drama series . The series followed the lives of an RFDS crew based in a fictional township called "Coopers Crossing" and the members of the local population that they served.
In the 1950s the RFDS featured in a BBC Radio series The Flying Doctor, which became well known for the catchphrase "Flying Doctor to Wollumboola Base". A television show of
based on this radio series and starring
ran on the British
network for one season (1959–60).
At the closing of 's humorous song "My Boomerang Won't Come Back", it is implied that the narrator accidentally downs a Flying Doctor plane with his .
The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia is featured in the outback map of the video game .
(similar service in )
Smith, Neil. . 3 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps and Royal Australian Air Force 2014.
. flyingdoctor.org.au 2013.
. RFDS Your Health Website 2013.
. flyingdoctor.org.au 2013.
. flyingdoctor.org.au 2013.
. flyingdoctor.org.au 2013.
. Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia 2011.
.pdf RFDS Annual Report 2011/12] (pdf). Sydney, Australia: RFDS National Office. 30 June 2012. p. 7.
. Australian Flying. 22 May .
. Internet Movie Database 2013.
. just another mobile monday. 11 September .
Ross J ed. (1999) Chronicle of the 20th century, Viking, Ringwood, Victoria,
 – digitised images from the National Library of Australia
Carl bridge, head of the Menzies Centre for Australian studies at , outlines the history of this service.
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