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>>>根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. You look(worry..
根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. You look&&&&&&&&&&(worry). What's the matter?2. What you've said is&&&&&&&&&&(possible) true, but I disagree with you.3. The policeman is looking for the &&&&&&&&&(own) of the black car.4. Wang Ping often&&&&&&&&&&(study) English in the morning.5. Something&&&&&&&&&&(drop) onto the floor just now.&&
题型:填空题难度:中档来源:同步题
1. worried&&&&2. possibly&& 3. owner&&&&4. studies&&&&5. dropped
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. You look(worry..”主要考查你对&&形容词,名词,副词,一般现在时,一般过去时&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
形容词名词副词一般现在时一般过去时
形容词:简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?形容词的语法功能:一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.形容词的几个特殊用法:most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错:(错) She sang lovely.  &&&&&&&&&& (错) He spoke to me very friendly.   (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词:有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词,常见的短语有:the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词:以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型:(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型:(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影名词:是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词分类:一、按意义分类1.专有名词 表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。 例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲) Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。2.普通名词 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。 普通名词又可进一步分为五类:①个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。 (car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片)②集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名称。  ( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词 (boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄) ④物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。  ( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。  ( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式。名词易混点举例:一.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:work(工作) ——a work (著作);&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass(玻璃)——a glass (玻璃杯);&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper(纸) ——a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)tea(茶) ——a tea (一种茶)(表示种类);&&&&& wood(木头) ——a wood (小树林);&&&&&&&& room(空间) ——a room (房间)二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿?
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话名词的语法功能: 名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1.主语:The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3.表语:This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4.宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6.定语:She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀:一、人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。  时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作,名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分,若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离,一分再分仍原物。英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时,强调全体;指“家里人”时强调个体,与住房无关home指“家”,表示同一家庭共同生活的地方,具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词,意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”,用单数people泛指“人们”,表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体,但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”,表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时,有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体,有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”,表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体,有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”,强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”,强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
副词:是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词连用顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。副词分类:1、时间副词有三类:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain now!& 现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词:She often changes her mind.& 她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:&He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词:1)有不少表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad.& 她在国外留学。2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:①用作介词:Stand up!& 起立!②用作副词:A cat climbed up the tree.& 猫爬上了树。3)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:&It’s the same everywhere.& 到处都一样。3、方式副词:carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly4、程度副词:much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.5、疑问副词:how, when, where, why.6、关系副词:when, where, why.等。7、 连接副词:therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用:副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。He works hard. (作状语)他工作努力。You speak English very well. (作状语)你英语讲的相当好。Is she in ? (作表语)她在家吗?Let's be out. (作表语)让我们出去吧。Food here is hardly to get. (here作定语,hardly作状语)这儿很难弄到食物。Let him out!(作补语)让他出去!修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.不同类型副词的用法比较:方式副词:1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances.& 你夫人舞跳的真美。2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:She smiled gratefully.& 她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。程度副词和强调副词&:1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:&& Is she badly hurt?& 她伤得重吗?& [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):a. fairly simple 相当简单&&&&& quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了&&& do it very quickly 干得很快2)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:a. 修饰形容词等:I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。&b. 修饰比较级:You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。疑问副词和连接副词:1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗?where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来?why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句)why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。副词的位置:1、实义动词前,be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。 She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。 The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。 They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。 2、副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。 It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了,我得告诉我的朋友。 It's much better. 好多了。 3、频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。 The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。 4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱? Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。 5、时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么? The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。 6、否定副词在句首,句子要倒装,如: Never have I felt so excited! 兼有两种形式的副词:1) close与closely close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. Y say what you like. 副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态,而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。 一般现在时::表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。 一般现在时的具体用法:1. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。     e.g.& I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.  2. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。     e.g.& The earth moves around the sun. 3. 表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态  e.g. He lives in Beijing now. 4. 习惯性的爱好或行为 e.g. I like dancing while she likes singing. 5. 表示预先计划或安排好的行为。  e.g.& Our class begins at 7:45. 6. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。  e.g.& If you come, we will wait for you. 7. 表示格言或警句中。  e.g.& Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。  8.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.   I am doing my homework now.9.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 10.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 11.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态。 注意★:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。一般现在时与现在进行时的区别:一、两种时态的主要含义:一般现在时1.表示事物的本质特性或客观存在,没有时限性。The table ____ soft。(feels) 表特性特征。Japan ___ in the east of China。 (lives) 表客观事实2.现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为,可带频率时间。The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.Father doesn’t smoke. (习惯)3.表说话时的状态,感觉或结果,一般用状态动词,如:It doesn’t matter. Does it hurt? (感觉结果)4.特殊用法:-在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。-If you go there,I’ll help you.—用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暂谓语动词表规定计划。The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主观支配的计划)-在剧本、解说、标题或there(here)开头的句中表进行There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.I declare the meeting opens.(正在宣布)He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 (正在发生)现在进行时1.说话时正在发生,进行的动作Look! Dark clouds are gathering . (正在发生)2.表现阶段正在进行,但此刻不一定正在进行的事。He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00. (现阶段正在进行,但说话时不一定在起床)3.现在进行时的特殊意义-表示主观打算常用于 go,come,leave,start,begin 等,位移、趋向动词。How long are you staying here (准备停留)-表示眼前刚过去的语意即“话音刚落”,适用于tell,say,talk,discussYou don’t believe it You know I’m telling the truth.-表示安慰、关心、喜欢、讨厌等感情色彩。He is always making noises in class. (讨厌)-在条件、时间、让步状语从句中表示将来正在进行。Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.二、严格区分进行时与一般时的语义1. 持续动词的一般时表持续情况,经常性,习惯性行为或客观存在的事实,进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续。2.短暂动词的一般时叙述事实,特征,能力而短暂动作进行时描述反复发生,即将发生或刚开始行为。3.短暂动词和静态动词一般时表示实际情况客观状态、结果、特征、特性,进行时表未完成含开始或渐进之意。The bus stops. (车停了-事实)The bus is stopping. (渐渐停下来)I love the job. (静态事实)I am loving the job. ( 渐渐爱上了)<e,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划,进行时表主观打算推测。Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. (表主观打算)The plane is taking off an hour later.(主观判断)5.现在进行时带always,often,usually,sometimes,等频率副词表感情色彩,一般现在时则没有此用法。一般现在时的句子转换:(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例:①陈述句:She is a student.疑问句→ Is she a student? 否定句→ She is not a student.②陈述句:I can swim.疑问句→ Can you swim否定句→ I can not swim.(2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数),does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.②陈述句:She has a little brother.疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.
一般现在时的表达方法:主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示,其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是:1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ,谓语动词不用做任何变化,即仍然用动词原形表示:We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go]My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。[give]
2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数,谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点:不可数名词也算作单数处理。3.谓语动词的变化规律是:第三人称单数的构成见下表:
第三人称单数
work(工作)stop(停止)
worksstops
以-ch, -sh, s, x, o结尾
teach(教)wash(洗)dress(装扮)fix(安装)go(去)
teacheswashesdressesfixesgoes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加es
fly(飞翔)try(尝试)
fliestries
特殊变化的词:be (是) - am,is,areI amshe/he/it,名词单数都用 iswe,you,they,名词复数都用arehave (有) - have,hasI,we,you,they,名词复数都用haveshe/he/it is,名词单数都用 has助动词,不论单复数、不论什么人称都没有变化,都用 can,may,must,need,ought to 等。而且,句子中有了助动词,谓语动词就不需要有任何变化了,即用动词原形表示。例:We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。I often get up at 6:30. 我经常6:30起床。Jack likes Chinese food very much.杰克很喜欢中国饮食。We can see some pictures on the wall. 我们能看到墙上的画。4.一般现在时常用的时间词语常用于一般现在时的词语有 sometimes/usually/often/every day(week,year)/ now/always 等。这些时间词语只是辅助作用,这些词语也可用于其它的时态,所以谓语动词变化才是最关键的。注意:当表现强烈的感情色彩时,尽管有如 always/never/seldom 等频率副词,但一般在频率副词前加上be动词,后面变为动词的现在分词形式。例:My father lose his key again. He is always losing his key.一般现在时的基本结构:
一般现在时中当主语为第三人称单数的时,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式。一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式①was/were+②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。一般过去时句法结构:肯定形式主语+动词过去式+其他例句:She often came to help us in those days.否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词例句:I didn't know you like coffee一般疑问句①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?例句:Did I do that?用表格整理如下:
记忆口诀:一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:
过去式和过去分词
lookedtalked
以不发音字母e结尾
likearrive
likedarrived
以“辅以字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加ed
fliedstudied
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾+ed
stoppedplanned&结构句型:1.一般句子I watched TV last night.2.一般疑问句Did you watch TV last night?3.there be 句型There was an apple on the table last night.Was there an apple on the table last night一般过去时注意事项:1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?3.used to used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如: I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)一般过去式用法:(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,last week ,in& the& past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。(3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。(4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。(5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)比较:Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)(6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)比较:I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)(7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)一般过去时三变技巧:一变:肯定句变为否定句技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?
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