Can you can dance___ ___ ___...

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>>>-David, can you _______ yourself?-Of course, I can. A. dr..
-David, can you _______ yourself?-Of course, I can. A. dress&& B. put on&&& C. wear&
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:不详
A动词辨析。& dress sb。给某人穿衣服;put on是穿上……衣服;wear是穿着衣服,表状态。根据句意:戴维,你能自己穿衣服吗?故选A。
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“-David, can you _______ yourself?-Of course, I can. A. dr..”主要考查你对&&实义动词,实义动词的单数第三人称形式,动词短语&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
实义动词实义动词的单数第三人称形式动词短语
实意动词:即行为动词,表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的,能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种:及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。实意动词使用方法:及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?英汉实意动词用法比较:与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。&实意动词的用法:肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其它否定句:主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他一般过去式:Did+主语+动词原型+其他在一般现在时的肯定句中,当主语为非第三人称单数时,谓语动词用原形;当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。实义动词的一般现在时的单数第三人称形式遵从“s,es, ies”六字母规则。如下表所示:
实意动词单数第三人称变化规律:注意:不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does 一般现在时,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式&主语是第三人称单数有以下几种情况:&
(1)&不可数名词做主语:Some&water&is&in&the&glass&
(2)&单个的可数名词做主语:
The&girl&is&Chinese.&&My&watch&is&on&the&dresser.&
(3)&He&,she&,&it&等代词单个做主语:&He&is&in&the&tree.&She&likes&her&family&very&much.&(4)&单个的人名,地名或称呼作主语:Mary&is&a&doctor.&&Uncle&Li&speaks&a&little&English.&&&Changchun&is&a&beautiful&city.&
(5)&指示代词this,&that&等作主语:&This&is&a&pear.&&That&is&an&apple&.&
(6)&Everyone,&everything&,something,&nobody,&nothing.等不定代词作主语时&Is&everyone&here&today?&&&Everything&is&ok&.&
(7)单个数字作主语时:”8”&is&a&good&number&in&China.动词单数第三人称形式的一般现在时的句子的否定句、疑问句及特殊疑问句。&&&&
否定句:在主语的后面实义动词前加doesn’t(注意实义动词应恢复原形。)&&&&&
主语(单三)+doesn’&+&动词原形+其他&
Jim&likes&football变否定:&Jim&doesn’t&like&football&&&&&&&&&&&&&
He&has&lunch&at&school.&变否定:He&doesn’t&have&lunch&at&school.&&&
一般疑问句及答语,在句子前面加助动词does.&实义动词恢复原形&&&&&
Does&+主语(单三)+&动词原形+其他&
Does&your&father&work&?&Yes,&he&does.&/No,&he&doesn’t&&&&
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句&
特殊疑问词+&does&+主语(单三)+&动词原形+其他&&&&&&&&&
Where&does&a&bird&live&?&&&&&&&&&
How&does&she&go&to&school?&动词短语:由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。 动词短语搭配形式:1.动词+副词 ①作及物动词,例:&He brought up his children strictly.    从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。    ②作不及物动词,例:   &Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)    ③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:    The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。    The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。 2.动词+介词&动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like) 3.动词+副词+介词 在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例:&We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate) 4.动词+名词 这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:   &Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)   5.动词+名词+介词   &这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,&例:Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。    6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词   &这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义, 例:I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。 动词短语与短语动词:一、短语动词(1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。
(2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.
(3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:
我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。
我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .
短语动词的类型
Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :
Monday ,February 5th.
*有些短语动词不带宾语:
The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.
*多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:
动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词
I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.
如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:
I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)
如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:
动词+代词+副词性小品词
I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)
*有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:
I don`t get on with the people at work.短语动词由动词加上介词或副词小品词构成。比如:1. 由动词break构成的常见短语动词有:break away (from) 突然逃离;断绝往来,脱离;改掉,破除break down (机器等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(谈话等)中断;(健康等)变坏;感情失去控制break in 突然进来,强行进入;插嘴,打岔;训练,使适应break into 强行进入;突然…起来;打断,插嘴;占用时间break off 停止讲话;暂停,休息;(使)折断break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发break through 突破;克服,征服;强行穿过;(太阳等)从云层里出来break up 解散,驱散;(学校等)放假;结束,破裂;击碎;绝交break with 与…绝交,与…决裂2. 又如由bring构成的常用短语动词有:bring about 引起,实现,导致bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门bring back 送还;使想起,使恢复bring down 击落;打死,打伤;使倒下;降低bring forth 产生,引起,结果bring in 收获;获利;介绍,引进;聘请;逮捕bring off 从船上救出;设法做成bring on 带来,引起;促使生长;帮助提高bring out 取出,拿出;显示出,使出来;出版bring over 说服,使改变(思想等)bring through 使度过(困难,危机等)bring together 使和解bring up 提出,提起;抚养,培养;呕吐二、动词短语动词短语由动词加上宾语或状语构成。如:break a glass 打破一个玻璃杯break one’s leg 摔断腿break a window 打破窗户break the rules 违反规定break a bad habit 改掉坏习惯break the world record 打破世界记录bread easily 容易断break to pieces 破成碎片bring a book 带来一本书bring sb sth 给某人带来某物bring sb great satisfaction 给某人带来极大的快慰bring death and famine 导致死亡和饥荒初中英语动词短语整理:1. breakbreak down破坏,出毛病,拆开break off暂停,中断 break in破门而入, 打断break into破门而入,突然…起来 break out爆发 break away from打破陈规;奋力挣脱;放弃习惯 break through 出现,突破break up打碎,拆散, 分裂、分解
2. callcall at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。call away 叫走,叫开…;转移(注意力等)。call back唤回; 回电话;call for需要,要求call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物call in 叫进,请进; 找来,请来;来访;收回call off取消; 叫走,转移开call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人call sb sth 为某人叫某物call (up)on sb to do sth 叫(请)某人做某事call up给…打电话;& 想起,回忆起; 召集,应召入伍&&& call out大喊,高叫; 叫出去3. comecome down下跌,落,降,传下来&&& come in进来&& come out出版,结果是come on来临/ 快点&&& come along一道来,赶快come over走过来&&& come up发芽,走近&&&&& come back回来&&& come from来自,源自4. cutcut down砍倒,削减&& cut up连根拔除,切碎5. diedie of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)die from死于(外界原因)&&&& die out绝种6. fallfall behind落后& fall down掉下,跌倒 fall into 落入;陷入fall off 从。。。掉下 fall out与。。。争吵7. gogo along沿着。。。。走go through通过,经受 go over复习,检查&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go up(价格)上涨,建造起来&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go against违反&& go away离开go by时间过去&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go down降低,(日、月)西沉go on(with)继续进行&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go out外出,熄灭&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go off发出响声8. getget down下来,记下,使沮丧&&&&&&&&& get on进展,进步,穿上,上车&&&&&&&&&&& get off脱下,下车get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假get over克服,从疾病中恢复&& get along with进展,相处get up起床&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& get into (trouble) 陷入困境中&&&&&&&&&&&&&& get back取回,收回&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& get out 出去get to 到达。。。9. givegive away赠送,泄露,出卖&&&&&&&& give out发出,疲劳,分发,&&&&&& give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放弃,让(座位)10. handhand in交上,提交hand out分发&&&& 11.holdhold on to…继续,坚持hold up举起,使停顿 hold on别挂电话,等,坚持&&&&&
12. keep&&&&&&& keep up with跟上keep out 不使。。。进入&&&&&&&&&&&&&& keep from克制,阻止keep away from避开,不接近, keep on继续,坚持下来keep down 使。。。处于低水平&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 13.knockknock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 14. looklook up查找,向上看& look through翻阅,浏览&&&&& look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找look out(for)当心&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& look about / around/round四下查看look forward to盼望&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 15. makemake up编造,打扮,组成&&&&&&&&&&& make into / of / from 制成&&&&&&&&&&& 16.pass&&&&& pass by经过&&&&&&&&&&&&&& pass down(on)…to传给 17. paypay back还钱,报复& pay for付钱,因…得到报应&& 18. pickpick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,pick out挑选,辨认,看出&& 19. putput up张贴,举起,&&& put out伸出,扑灭&&&&&&&&&&&& put off推迟&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& put into放进,翻译put away放好,存钱&&&&&&&&&&& put down记下,平息put on穿戴,上映,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& put aside放到一边&&&&&&&&& put back放回20. standstand out 突显,引人注目stand up 起立,站起来38.其它常用词组wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒stay up 不睡觉;熬夜depend on依靠;取决于worry about为。。。担忧laugh at嘲笑。。。begin with以。。。开始mix up混合、搀和major in 主修grow up成长open up 打开,张开;开发end up到达或来到某处; 达到某状态throw away 丢弃。。。ask for要求。。。wait for等待。。。agree with同意。。。find out(经研究或询问)获知某事send out 发出,放出,射出search for 搜索,搜查chop down 砍到have.. on 穿着。。。step out of 跨步走出drop out of 从。。。掉出happen to 发生在。。。belong to属于arrive in /at到达。。。try on试穿。。。vote on对。。。进行投票strech out伸展。。。hang out闲逛leave for离开前往 sell out 卖完、售完show up 出席;露面21. runrun after追逐,追捕&&& run away逃跑&& run off跑掉,迅速离开&&&&&&& run out of用完22. setset up建立&&&&&&& set off 激起,引起&&&&&& 23. taketake after 与…相像take off脱掉,起飞&& take away拿走&& take up从事,占用(时间空间)&&& take down记录,取下&&&&&&& take back收回take pride in以… ……为自豪, take the place of 代替24. thinkthink of想起,考虑,对…看法&&& think out(自然)想出办法&& think up想出(设计出、发明、编造) think about考虑&&&&&& think over仔细考虑&&&&&& 25. turnturn off / on打开&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& turn to翻到,转向,求助turn down调低,拒绝&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& turn back返回,转回去turn round转过身来&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 26. care care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意care for 关心,关怀,照顾27. cleanclean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐clean out 清除;把…打扫干净28.learnlearn about 获悉,得知,认识到learn from& 从/向。。。学习29. fightfight for..争取获得…fight against 争取克服、战胜…fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗30. dreamdream of梦想,想橡dream about 梦到。。。31. workwork for 为。。工作work out 产生结果;发展;成功32. argueargue with …与。。。争论argue about..争论。。。33. complaincomplain to 向。。抱怨complain about抱怨。。。34. hear hear of 听说,得知hear about听到。。。的事,听到。。的话hear from接到。。。的信35. talktalk about 讨论。。。talk with/to..和。。。讨论36. livelive in 住在。。。live on 以。。。为主食&
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1477483153243110109388585720148164英语...1.You can go to the h____ as soon as possible id you are sick.2.I always go to work by u____ because it is fast and safe,3.They can enjoy Beijing opera in the l____ theatre.4.There are too many new books here,can you help me c____ them?5.They have l____ time to finish the work left than we.
小桥桥盖栋26
hospitalundergroundlocalchooseless
根据句子意思,用适当的冠词填空。
1.She learned to play ____ piano all by herself.
2.We will see ____ even stronger China in ____ near future.
3.—What are you going to be when you grow up ? —____ teather like you.
4.—Do you know ____ man in blue ? —Yes,he’s a professor of ____ university.
5.This novel can make you laugh and cry at ____ same time.
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>>>用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Can you help kids with _______ (d..
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Can you help kids with _______ (dance)2.They want _____ (join) the basketball club.3.Can you ________(sing)?4.I think she is _______ (England)5.Can you play the guitar ________(best)?
题型:填空题难度:中档来源:山东省同步题
1.dancing&&2.to join&&3.sing&&4.English&&5.well
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Can you help kids with _______ (d..”主要考查你对&&动名词,专有名词,副词,实义动词,不定式&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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动名词专有名词副词实义动词不定式
动名词:如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词的结构和形式:动名词的否定结构:动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式) There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)
动名词复合结构:通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式):(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如: I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。 动名词与现在分词的关系:动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。动名词用法口诀:动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。说明:1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法: 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:    &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer.    2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。    动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.    常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。    注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。    3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:    There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。   &4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:    No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)    No parking. (禁止停车)    5. 动名词的复合结构作主语    当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:   &Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.    二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语    某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。    Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations.    每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。   &2.作介词的宾语    We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。    Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活?    3.作形容词的宾语    The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。    We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。    Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)    What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:    a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking    a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing   &a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading    a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring    sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项:1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4) 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。例:remember to do/doing:①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法:①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)&try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.专有名词:是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称,即:人名,地名,国家名,单位名,组织名,等等。例如:人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang地名:Europe,New York,People‘s Square节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如:Rose 罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花China 中国——china 陶瓷或中国(不特指)普通名词表示一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称,如: worker, camera, steel等。专有名词分类:英语中根据专有名词前是否带冠词可分为两类:    ①零冠词:如:Yale University, Beijing Railway station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成,往往为并列关系。    ②定冠词:如:The United States,The Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成 一般来讲,专有名词前面不用定冠词the。但江河海洋,山脉群岛地理名称前要用定冠词;有两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名词前,一般要用定冠词。单复数同形:Chinese,Japanese 单复数不同形:German—Germans,American—Americans 其中,若专有名词复数与定冠词连用,表示“某某夫妇”或“某某一家”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 专有名词用法:(一)人名英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠词。例如:Mary Smith;George Washington。(1)一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如:How's John getting on? 约翰近来好吗?(2)在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时,常把姓和称谓连用。例如:Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰?史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?(3)姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如:The Turners have gone to America.特纳一家人去美国了。(二)地名(1)大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如:Asia;America;China; London;Shanghai(2)大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如:Silver Lake;Mount Tai(3)山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。例如:the Pacific;the English Channel;the Sahara(三)日期名(1)节日名前通常不用冠词。例如: Christmas;National Day(2)星期名前通常不用冠词。例如: Sunday;Tuesday(3)月份名前通常不用冠词。例如: April;December初中专有名词列举:1、表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词Einstein爱因斯坦 Vivian维维安 Chairman Hu胡主席 Premier Wen温总理President Obama奥巴马总统 Mr.Brown布朗先生 Doctor Lin林博士、林医生Queen Elizabeth II伊丽莎白女王二世重点提示:人名的前面若有尊称或头衔,如Mr.(先生),President(总统)等时,其第一个字母也要大写。
2、表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词Korea韩国 Thailand泰国 Egypt埃及 Paris巴黎 Los Angeles洛杉机 Chinatown唐人街 Pacific Ocean太平洋Caribbean加勒比海 Mississippi密西西比河 Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰
3、表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词Museum of Postal History邮政博物馆 China Daily中国日报Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院 Reuters路透社Friends of the Earth地球之友(机构名) Harvard University哈佛大学
4、表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词Wednesday星期三 Sunday星期天 March三月Labour Day劳动节 National Day国庆节 Father's Day父亲节
5、由普通名词构成的专有名词the North Pole北极 the River Nile尼罗河 the Bund上海外滩the Great Wall长城 the Forbidden City紫禁城 the Temple of Heaven天坛the White House白宫 the Terracotta Warriors兵马俑重点提示:专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它的首字母不大写。副词:是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词连用顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。副词分类:1、时间副词有三类:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain now!& 现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词:She often changes her mind.& 她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:&He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词:1)有不少表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad.& 她在国外留学。2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:①用作介词:Stand up!& 起立!②用作副词:A cat climbed up the tree.& 猫爬上了树。3)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:&It’s the same everywhere.& 到处都一样。3、方式副词:carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly4、程度副词:much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.5、疑问副词:how, when, where, why.6、关系副词:when, where, why.等。7、 连接副词:therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用:副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。He works hard. (作状语)他工作努力。You speak English very well. (作状语)你英语讲的相当好。Is she in ? (作表语)她在家吗?Let's be out. (作表语)让我们出去吧。Food here is hardly to get. (here作定语,hardly作状语)这儿很难弄到食物。Let him out!(作补语)让他出去!修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.不同类型副词的用法比较:方式副词:1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances.& 你夫人舞跳的真美。2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:She smiled gratefully.& 她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。程度副词和强调副词&:1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:&& Is she badly hurt?& 她伤得重吗?& [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):a. fairly simple 相当简单&&&&& quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了&&& do it very quickly 干得很快2)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:a. 修饰形容词等:I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。&b. 修饰比较级:You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。疑问副词和连接副词:1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗?where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来?why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句)why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。副词的位置:1、实义动词前,be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。 She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。 The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。 They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。 2、副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。 It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了,我得告诉我的朋友。 It's much better. 好多了。 3、频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。 The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。 4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱? Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。 5、时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么? The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。 6、否定副词在句首,句子要倒装,如: Never have I felt so excited! 兼有两种形式的副词:1) close与closely close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. Y say what you like. 副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态,而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。 实意动词:即行为动词,表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的,能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种:及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。实意动词使用方法:及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?英汉实意动词用法比较:与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。&实意动词的用法:肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其它否定句:主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他一般过去式:Did+主语+动词原型+其他动词不定式:指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:
(not) to do
(not)&to be done
(not) to have done
(not) to have been done
(not) to be doing
完成进行式
(not) to have been doing
&不定式的用法:1、不定式作主语 例如:To remember this is very important. 注意:为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如:It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语例如:He seems to be ill. 注意:不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式(尤其是to be),二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形,三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,如:&You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如:I can not afford to buy a car. 注意:①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语,还可用作个别介词(but, except)的宾语。 例如:I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时,通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式,并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如:I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如:Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如:I have a question to ask you. 注意:有的名词(如way, chance, right等)后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如:It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt& courage& decision& effort& fortune& failure& invitation& wish 6、不定式作状语 例如:I went to France to learn French.
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