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高中英语人教版必修一Unit 1《Friendship》学案
Unit 1　Friendship【单元导航】World War ⅡIn 1933，the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million.Many European Jews lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy or influence.By 1945，nearly two out of every three European Jews had been killed as part of the "Final Solution"，which was the Nazi policy to murder all the Jews of Europe.Section One　Warming Up and ReadingⅠ.Lead-in1.建议听无印良品的《朋友》和老狼的《睡在我上铺的兄弟》，感悟朋友的真正含义。2.选择下面的词语描绘你最要好的朋友sociable，honest，friendly，easy-going，nervous，open-minded，anxious，careful，talented，talkative，nosy，thoughtful，generous，carefree，pessimistic，peaceful，optimistic，interesting，reliable，helpful，active，careless，caring，exact，adventurous，imaginative，hot-blooded，well-organised，trustworthy，patient，responsible，outgoing，kind，brave，warm-hearted，selfless，tolerant，etc.3.回答下列问题(1)Why do you need friends？Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.to cope with stressful situations in life；to share my worries and secrets in my inner world；to show my concern for other people；to let other people share my happiness；to unfold to other people the secrets in my heart (to name but few)，etc.(2)What do you think a good friend should be like？List what a good friend should do and share the list with your partners.tell me the truth (honest)；be good to me (friendly)；be willing to consider or accept others' ideas or opinions (open-minded)；be willing to help others (generous or helpful)；be good-tempered；think about what others need and try to help them (caring)；be loyal to their responsibility (responsible)；not easily upset (easy-going)；be outgoing (like to meet and talk to new people)；be tolerant (allow other people to have different opinions or do something in a different way)；be selfless (to name but few)，etc.(3)Does a friend always have to be a person？What else can be a friend?Answers can be various.(4)Do you think a diary can become your friend？Why or why not?Students' answers may vary but must include a reason.e.g.Yes.I think it can be，because I can set down how I feel every day in my diary，and let other peopleread it to share my feelings some time later.Above all，it feels good to write down my thoughts and feelings on paper when I am sad or lonely.Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下列问题1.Look at the pictures and the title of the reading passage.Guess what it might be about.2.Who was Anne's best friend?Her diary-Kitty.3.When did the story happen?During World War Ⅱ.4.How many parts does it contain？What are the different parts about?It contains two parts.One part is one page of Anne's diary，the other part is the background knowledge about Anne and her diary.Ⅲ.精读课文，回答下列问题1.概括每段的大意Para 1：Anne made her diary her best friend whom she could tell everything to.Para 2：Anne's diary acted as her true friend during the time she and her family hadto
hide away for a long time.Para 3：Having been kept indoors for so long，Anne grew so crazy about everything to do with nature.2.完成下列表格The place of the story(1)NetherlandsThe heroine's full name(2)Anne FrankHer best friend(3)her diary-KittyThe length of time her family hid away(4)over two yearsThe time they started to hide(5)July 19423.匹配题(1)Anne kept a diary because(2)She felt very lonely because(3)They had to hide because(4)Anne named her diary Kitty becauseA.She couldn't meet her friends.B.Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.C.She could tell everything to it.D.She wanted it to be her best friend.答案 (1)→C　(2)→A　(3)→B　(4)→DⅣ.写出表达Anne感情的词sad，anxious，eager，excited，earnest，crazy，calm，lonely...Ⅴ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语1.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.句子结构分析：If引导的是wonder的宾语从句，其中含有一个强调句型，其结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余的部分。be crazy about意为对......着迷/疯狂；everything to do with nature意为与自然有关的一切。翻译： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。2.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.句子结构分析：That引导的是remember的宾语从句；there was a time when...意为"曾经一度，曾经有一段时间......"。翻译：我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。3....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...句子结构分析： It was＋the first/second...time＋that＋ 主语＋过去完成时态意为"某人第几次干某事"。翻译：这是一年半以来我第一次目睹夜晚......4.I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.句子结构分析：
hanging before very dusty windows在句中作定语，修饰curtains。翻译：我只能透过挂在沾满灰尘的窗前的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。Ⅵ.参考所提供的信息用第一人称来复述课文Anne's best friendwhather diarywhat kindtold everything towhenWorld War ⅡwhereAmsterdam，Netherlandswhathid away so as not to be caughtAnne's feelingTimeNatureFeelingBeforehidingblue sky，songs of birds，moonlight，flowersnever feltspellboundAfterhidingdarkness，rain，wind，thundering cloudsfelt crazy，held in their powerSection Two　Language Points1. Add up your score and see how many points you get.把得分加起来，看你能得多少。【品味经典】Add up all the money I borrowed from you.把我从你那儿借的钱都加在一起。If we add these marks up，we'll get a total of 90.如果我们把这些分数加起来，总数就有九十分了。He set down the weights of all the stones and then added them up.他记下了所有石头的重量，然后合计起来。【自我探究】add up意为加起来；合计，是动副搭配；"把A加起来"表示为add up＋A或add＋A＋up，但若A为代词，表述为add＋A＋up。【归纳拓展】add to增加add...to...往......里添加......add up to总计；加起来等于add that...补充说......The bad weather added to our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难。Please add some sugar to the milk.请往牛奶里加些糖。He expressed his thanks to me and added that he would come back.他表达了对我的感谢之情并补充说他还会来的。【牛刀小试】(1)The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather
the helplessness ofthe crew at sea.　 　A.added to
B.resulted from
C.turned out
D.made up答案　A(2)She gave many excuses，but what they
was that she didn't want to come.A.added to
B.addedC.added up
D.added up to答案　B(3)All his schooling
no more than one year.A.added up to
B.added toC.is added up
D.added答案　A2. When he/she borrowed it last time，he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.他/她上次借时，把它弄坏了，你得花钱维修。【品味经典】I must get the radio mended.我必须把这台收音机修好。He has got his hair cut.他已理发了。【自主探究】get A done意为叫人做A，其中get意为使，过去分词done与A之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。【归纳拓展】get A done＝have A done让A被......get A to do＝have A do让A去做......get A doing＝have A doing使A一直做；容忍A做......Get your father to come tomorrow.＝Have your father come tomorrow.明天叫你父亲来。He got/had the light burning all the night.他让灯通宵亮着。We won't have (get) anyone separating Taiwan from China.我们不容忍任何人把台湾从中国分离出去。I'll get my bad teeth pulled out tomorrow.明天我让人把坏牙拔掉。【牛刀小试】(1)I got him to find a house for me (给我找房子).(2)She got the horse tied to the tree (拴在了树上).(3)I shouldn't have got you standing (老站着).3. Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友忧心忡忡地来到了学校。【品味经典】He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病而忧心忡忡。I'm suffering from an upset stomach.我的肠胃正不舒服呢。【自主探究】upset系形容词，在句中可作表语、定语和状语，be upset over/about/at...意为因......感到心烦意乱。【归纳拓展】upset vt.(upset；upset；upsetting)使......心烦意乱；使......不适；打翻；打乱Losing the necklace borrowed from her friend upset her completely.她把从朋友那儿借来的项链弄丢了，这使她心烦意乱。The lousy food upsets my stomach.这糟糕的饭菜使我肠胃不适。Be careful not to upset the bottle of ink.小心不要打翻了这瓶墨水。Rain upset our plan for a picnic.下雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。【牛刀小试】(1)Your choice upset him (使他不安).(2)Don't be upset at/over/about it (别为这事心烦了).Just forget it.4. ignore the bell...不顾及铃声......【品味经典】He ignores my advice and goes on playing.他不顾我的劝告而继续玩。His problems can't be ignored.他的问题不容忽视。【自我探究】ignore是动词，意为忽视；不理睬。【归纳拓展】ignorant adj.无知的；很无礼的ignorance n.无知He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the speed limit.他车开得很快，因为他不知道要限速。His failure resulted from ignorance.他的失败起因于他的无知。【牛刀小试】用ignore及其派生词的适当形式填空(1)I said hello to her，but she ignored me completely.(2)I was ignorant of the fact that the boss could be so strict.(3)We are in complete ignorance of his plans.(4)He ignores the doctor's advice and goes on smoking.5. ..and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down...去某个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。【品味经典】Calm down；what's the matter?镇定点，怎么了？The teacher calmed her students down.老师让学生们镇定了下来。【自我探究】calm是动词，意为镇定，使......平静下来；calm down意为平静下来；系动副搭配。【归纳拓展】calm也可用作形容词或名词。keep calm保持镇定When in trouble，she is calm.面对困境，她很沉着。The city was calm after the war.战后该城宁静了。They sat in the yard to enjoy the calm of the evening.他们坐在院子里享受这夜晚的宁静。Keep calm when in danger.身处危险时要保持镇定。【易混辨析单词意义区别calm用于人时，指内心平静；用于自然界时，形容风和日丽的天气或风平浪静的海洋。quiet用于人时，指生性安静的；用于自然界时，指没有干扰、喧闹或骚动。still表示暂时不动、静止，强调不作出动作。silent沉默的，主要指不说话或不喧闹。When facing danger，one should keep calm；when taken photos，one should keep still；when someone else is asleep，one should keep quiet；in class，one shouldn't keep silent about the teacher's questions.一个人面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的提问不应保持沉默。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　【牛刀小试】用calm，quiet，still和silent填空(1)Please be quiet.Don't make so much noise.(2)Stand still while I take a photo of you.(3)Whatever I asked him，Kerry still kept silent.(4)We must be calm in an emergency.(5)After the storm，the sea was calm.6. ...you are concerned about him/her...你担心他/她......【品味经典】We're rather concerned about father's health.我们相当担心父亲的健康。I am concerned about my little brother.我关心我的小弟弟。【自我探究】concerned既是concern的过去分词，也可用作形容词，作表语或定语；be concernedabout意为关心......，为......而担心。【归纳拓展】concern v.影响；涉及；n.担心，忧虑；关心as far as...be concerned关于；至于；就......而言be concerned over sth.＝be concerned about sth.为某事担忧；关心......be concerned with/in牵涉到，与......有关Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much.参与此事的人对此都深感遗憾。As far as I am concerned，I am against the plan.就我个人而言，我反对这计划。This matter concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.这件事对孩子们的健康成长影响极大。It's no concern of mine.这事与我无关。She showed great concern about you.她很为你担心。【牛刀小试】用适当的介词填空(1)He is said to have been concerned in the crime.(2)Rescuers were concerned about the safety of the men trapped in the floods.(3)The government expressed their concern for the life of the laid-off workers.(4)The fellow was concerned with the matter.7. While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.溜狗的时候，你很粗心让它松扣了并被车撞了。【品味经典】While reading the book，he laughed sometimes.读这本书时，他不时地大笑起来。When laughed at，he wants to cry.被嘲笑时，他想哭。If possible，he'll leave tomorrow.可能的话，他明天走。【自我探究】句中的while walking the dog＝while you were walking the dog。while后省略了主语you和be动词were。when laughed at＝when he is laughed at，when后省略了主语he和be动词is。由此可见，when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且谓语含有be动词或为it is(was)形式，可省略从句中的主语和be或it is (was)。【归纳拓展】在条件状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有系动词be，也可省去从句中的主语和be动词。I won't go to her party，even if (I'm) invited.即使受到邀请我也不去参加她的聚会。Once seen，it'll never be forgotten.一旦见到，它将难以被忘记。【牛刀小试】句型转换(1)A：He fell asleep while he was reading.B：He fell asleep while reading.(2)A：When he was asked，he kept silent.B：When asked，he kept silent.(3)A：If it is necessary，I'll come.B：If necessary，I'll come.8. ...，or would not understand what you are going through.......或者并不理解你所经历的事情。【品味经典】Most families went through a lot in the war.战争中多数家庭经历过很多困难。I can't go through the letters in an hour.一个小时的时间我可审阅不完这些信。The plan didn't go through the CEO.这计划未被CEO接受。He has gone through all his money for his illness.他因病而花光了所有的钱。【自我探究】go through意为经历，经受；仔细查看；通过；用光，无被动语态。【归纳拓展】【牛刀小试】用适当的介、副词填空(1)The country has gone through too many wars since the ancient times.(2)Time goes off slowly.(3)The students are going over their lessons for the coming exam.(4)You shouldn't buy houses because their price is going up.(5)Human beings shouldn't go against nature to live.9.I don't want to set down a series of facts...我不想只是记下一系列的事实......【品味经典】You don't have to set down all that our teacher said.你不必把老师讲的都记下来。How shall I set myself down in the hotel register?在旅馆的登记簿上，我应如何登记自己的身份呢？【自我探究】set down意为记下，写下，系动副搭配。【归纳拓展】【牛刀小试】(1)他不愿把老师说的记下来。He wouldn't set down what the teacher said.(2)她早饭后着手写报告并且中午就交上了。She set about the report after breakfast and handed it in at noon.(3)你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。If you want to catch that train，we'd better set off for the station immediately.10. I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。【品味经典】It was yesterday that I met Ann in the street. 我是昨天在街上遇见安的。It is he who is going to speak at the school meeting.是他要在校会上发言。It was in the street that I met my old friend yesterday.昨天我是在街上碰到了我的老朋友。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？【自我探究】本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，主句是I wonder，if引导的是宾语从句，其含有一个强调句型结构，其结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that从句。强调句型可对句中的主语、宾语、表语、状语等进行强调，若强调的主语是人，后面的that也可用who代替，可译为"正是......"。【归纳拓展】(1)强调结构的一般疑问句是"Is/Was it...that...？"形式。Was it from Qing Hua University that he graduated?到底清华大学是不是他毕业的学校？(2)强调结构的特殊疑问句用"特殊疑问词＋is/was it that...？"形式。When was it that you met him?你到底是什么时候见到他的？(3)被强调部分是时间状语(从句)或地点状语(从句)时，不用when和where，而只能用that。It was last night that I saw your brother in the street.我是昨天晚上在街上见到你哥哥的。It was in the street that I saw your brother last night.昨天晚上我是在街上见到你哥哥的。(4)在强调句型中，要注意人称代词的使用。强调主语时，人称代词用主格；强调宾语时，人称代词用宾格。(×)It was her and me who went to see him yesterday.(√)It was she and I who went to see him yesterday.(强调主语)昨天是我和她去看的他。(×)It was he that she and I went to see yesterday.(√)It was him that she and I went to see yesterday.(强调宾语)昨天我和她去看的是他。11.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我非常清楚地记得，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。【品味经典】There was a time when men were valued more than women.曾经一度人们重男轻女。There were times when people hunt animals blindly.曾经一度人们盲目地捕猎动物。【自我探究】There is/was a time when...意为有一时期或有些时候，其中when引导的是定语从句。【归纳拓展】the time when.........的那段时光We all remember the time when we were living in the farm.我们都记得生活在农场上的那段时光。【牛刀小试】((1)Do you know there was a time when they were good friends(他们曾经一度是好朋友)?(2)He forgot the time when he worked with her(和她一块工作的时光).12. ...I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.直到11点半，我故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。【品味经典】moon by myself.直到11点半，我故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。He came here on purpose to tell you the truth.他来这儿专门告诉你真相。In order to catch up with others，you should try harder.为了赶上别人，你应更加努力。He hid himself among the trees in order not to be caught.为了不被逮住，他藏在树林中。【自我探究】on purpose意为故意地，与purposely同义，故意做某事为do sth.on purpose；in orderto意为为了，其后接动词原形，其否定形式为in order not to，在句中作的句子成分是目的状语。【归纳拓展】(1)for/with the purpose of为了/带着......的目的A meeting was called for the purpose of making a decision.为做出一项决定而召开了会议。(2)动词不定式to do和so as to do在句中也作目的状语，其中so as to do一般不用在句首。(3)so that和in order that引导的是目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词一般用"could/may/might＋动词原形"。They started early so that/in order that they might arrive on time.他们为了按时到达很早就出发了。【牛刀小试】(1)他们去北京参加一个重要会议。They went to Beijng in order to attend an important meeting.(2)为了能赶上火车，他起得很早。In order to catch the train，he got up early.(3)为了不误早班车，他及早动身。In order not to miss the early bus，he set off as early as possible.13.But as the moon gave far too much light，I didn't dare open a window.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。【品味经典】The question is much too difficult for me.这个问题对我来说太难了。He drinks too much wine.他酒喝得太多。He talks too much.他话说得太多。Too much has been said on this subject.对于这个话题说得够多了。You have offered me too much.你给我的太多了。The work is too much for the boy.对于这个男孩来说，这活儿太多了。【自我探究】too much意为过多，太多，其中much是中心词，too对其进行修饰。much可作形容词，修饰不可数名词；可作副词，修饰动词；可作代词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。much too意为太，非常，其中too是中心词，是副词，常修饰形容词和副词。【牛刀小试】用too much，much too填空(1)He's drunk too much wine，and he was much too puzzled what to do.(2)The price of the computers is much too high.(3)The lady spent too much money on the new clothes.(4)The trip is too much for the old man.14. ...，it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚......【品味经典】It is the first time that the boy has gone home alone.这是那个男孩第一次单独回家。This was the fourth time she had rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。This will be the tenth time that I have visited Jinan.这将是我第十次参观济南。They will debate face to face.他们将当面进行辩论。His dream was to meet his favourite pop star face to face.他心之向往的是要面对面地见见他心目中的歌星。【自我探究】It's the...time that...意为某人第......次做......。在该句式中，it也可换为this和that；若主句用一般过去时，that从句用过去完成时，若主句用一般现在时和将来时，从句用现在完成时。face to face意为面对面地，在句中作状语。【归纳探究】face-to-face面对面的(相当于形容词，常作定语)hand in hand手拉手shoulder to shoulder肩并肩side by side肩并肩；一起arm in arm手挽手【牛刀小试】用所给的词或提示完成句子(1)It's the first time that he has written(write) a letter in English.(2)That was the third time that I had been(be) to Beijing.(3)You'd better talk face to face/have a face-to-face talk(面对面地交谈) with Tom.课文译文赏析安妮最好的朋友你是不是想有一位能无话不谈推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了差不多25个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，"我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我的这个朋友称作基蒂"。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看她的心情吧。日　　　星期四亲爱的基蒂：我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心驰神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。......比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚............令人伤心的是......我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。你的　　安妮Section Three　Grammar直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)品味语法1.He said,"I'm going to see a film this afternoon."→2.He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon.3.Jack said to me,"I have waited for you for a long time."→4.Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time.5.The teacher said to us,"We will have an English party next week."→6.The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next week.讲解归纳当我们用引号引出别人的原话时，被引用部分称为直接引语，如上面的1、3、5中都用了直接引语。当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，如上面的2、4、6中都用了间接引语。由以上例句可以体会出，直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词都会发生变化，现总结如下：1.直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时【提醒】下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。The teacher told the students,"The earth goes around the sun."→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.(2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。The girl said,"I was born in Hong Kong in 1990."→The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990.(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。The old gentleman often says,"Time is life."→The old gentleman often says that time is life.2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表直接引语间接引语This 这that 那these 这些those 那些now 现在then 那时，当时today 今天that day 那天yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天tomorrow 明天the next (following)day第二天tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上last week 上周the week before 前一周next week 下周the next week 第二周two weeks ago两周前two weeks before 两周前the day before yesterday前天two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow后天two days later 两天后here 这里there那里come 来go去bring 带来take拿走3.人称代词的变化(1)"一随主"。若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。(2)"二随宾"。若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。(3)"第三人称不更新"。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。4.疑问句直接引语变间接引语(1)直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，常用if或whether引导，引述动词用 asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him 等。He asked me,"Are you good at English？"→He asked me if/whether I was good at English.(2)反意疑问句变间接引语时，只能用whether来引导。(3)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词作连词，将句子改为陈述语序。The teacher asked the boy,"Why are you late again？"→The teacher asked the boy why he was late again.I asked her,"When did you come here？"→I asked her when she had been there.5.直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意几种特殊情况：(1)陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时，如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个 that，其余的均不可省略。He said,"I want to visit the Great Wall，and my father will go with me then."→He said (that) he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with him then.(2)直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时常变为ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.句型。如果是以let's开头的祈使句，则通常变为suggest doing 或 suggest＋that 从句。"Do it again."the teacher said to us.→The teacher told us to do it again.(3)直接引语中有when，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。(4)如果在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必变为go；如果在当天转述，则today，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必变化。(5)有的疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意义。引述这类疑问句时，通常用"ask/advise/want＋宾语＋不定式"的结构，表示建议时，通常用"suggest＋动名词"等结构。Mr.Green asked,"Shall we go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games？"→Mr.Green suggested going to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games.牛刀小试Ⅰ.句型转换1.He said to me,"I broke your CD player yesterday."He told me that he had broken my CD player the day before.2.He said to me,"What can I do for you？"He asked me what he could do for me.3.He said,"I haven't seen these children by now."He said that he hadn't seen those children by then.4.He asked me,"Can I go to see her tomorrow？"He asked me if he could go to see her the next day.Ⅱ.把下列直接引语变为间接引语或间接引语变为直接引语1."We've lived there for two years，"he told me.He told me that they had lived there for two years.2."I was here a few weeks ago，"she said.She said she had been there a few weeks before.3."I went to university in the 1960s，"Wang Hua told his students.Wang Hua told his students that she/he went to university in the 1960s.4.The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadn't gone to school the day before."Why didn't you go to school yesterday？"the teacher asked Wang Ying.Section four Using Language走进课文1.Think about the following questions and give your ideas about them.(1)What will you do if you have trouble with your classmates or friends？For example，ifhe/she does something wrong that makes you angry or sad?If I have trouble with...，I will...(2)What will you do if you disagree with your friends about something?If I disagree with...，I'll...(3)Do you think it is possible for you to get along well with everyone?Yes./No，I think/I don't think so，because...2.Read Lisa's letter and answer the following questions.(1)What did Lisa write to Miss Wang for?For advice.(2)What's Lisa's problem?She has trouble with her classmates.Some of them gossiped about her friendshipwith a boy.3.What's your advice on Lisa's problem?My advice is...Language Points1.I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.目前我和我的同学有矛盾。【品味经典】Do you have any trouble with your new job?你的新工作有麻烦吗？I don't want to have any trouble with my family.我不想和我的家人之间有任何麻烦。【自我探究】have trouble with sth.意为在某方面有困难/麻烦，其中trouble为不可数名词，也可换为difficulty。【归纳拓展】have trouble with...某人/某事使人伤脑筋、苦恼；跟(某人)闹别扭have difficulty with sth.＝have trouble with sth.在......方面有困难/麻烦have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.在......方面有问题/困难have problems/a problem with sth.在......方面有问题He had no difficulty (in) working out the problem. 他没有费事就做出了那道题。【牛刀小试】(1)She's had a lot of trouble with her husband (跟丈夫闹意见).(2)I'm sorry you are having trouble in making friends (在交友方面有麻烦).2. I'm getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我班的一个男生相处得很好。【品味经典】The girl is difficult to get along with.这个女孩很难相处。I can get along well with my classmates.我能和同学们融洽相处。-How are you getting along with your studies?--你的功课学得怎样？-Very well.--很好。【自我探究】get along with意为与......相处；某事进展得......，其中along也可换为on，其后可用well，nicely，badly等修饰语，表示同某人相处得好(不好)，某事进展得(不)顺利。【归纳拓展】【牛刀小试】(1)一切进展顺利吗？Is everything getting along/on well?(2)你的新书写得怎么样了？How are you getting on with
your new book?(3)我们班里的学生相处得都很融洽。The students in our class get along/on very well with each other.3. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.他们说我和这个男生在谈恋爱。【品味经典】They fell in love with each other three years ago. 三年前他们相爱了。【自我探究】f fall in love with sb.意为与......相爱，其表瞬间的动作，即该动作非延续性，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。【归纳拓展】be in love with sb.爱上某人，表状态，动作可延续The girl has been in love with Tom for three years.这女孩与Tom相爱三年了。【牛刀小试】I know he
in love with her，but I don't know they
in love for eight years.　A.falls；fall
B.is；areC.falls；have been
D.is；have fallen答案　C4. ...to join in discussion and.........加入到讨论中来并......【品味经典】He was too proud to join in our games.他很高傲不和我们玩。Can you join us in singing?你愿意和我们一块唱歌吗？【自我探究】join in意为参加，加入，join sb.in doing sth.意为和某人一起做某事。【易混辨析】join，join in，take part in，attend(1)join 指加入某一组织或团体，成为其中一员。His brother joined the army a year ago.他哥哥一年前参军了。(2)join in 表示"参加(某项活动)"，多指参加正在进行的活动，如竞赛、娱乐、谈话等。join in 还可用在join sb.in sth.结构中，表示"加入某人一起干某事"。He wants to join us in playing football.他想和我们一起踢足球。(3)take part in 只指参加活动，尤指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。(4)attend 通常用于参加会议、听课、听报告等。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　【牛刀小试】用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空(1)Would you join us in the game?(2)I hope you will join in all our club activities.(3)All the students took part in the sports meeting last week.(4)Our children attend the same school.(5)He joined the tennis club.课文译文赏析Reading and listening亲爱的王小姐：现在我和班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来。他们说这位男同学和我在谈恋爱。这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？你的　　莉萨Reading and writing亲爱的王小姐：我是湖州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于与人交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实很想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。你的　　萧东Section Five　Writing给你支招　　建议信是写信人向收信人对某事提出自己的建议或忠告，有可能是写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建议信不同于投诉信，所以写信人一定要注意礼貌当先。建议信和普通的信件一样，通常由六部分构成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。建议信要写出写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由和根据。理由要合情合理，语气一定要礼貌。因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。建议信一般采取"三段式结构"。首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的诚意。建议信的开头必须指明建议的前提和事情的原委，对自己的立场作一些解释。中段：围绕问题，结构清晰、科学婉转地提出建议。注意充分考虑对方的实际情况，表达时应选择得体用语。切忌用语生硬强制，泛泛而谈。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin with，then，later等依次陈述建议。尾段：简单予以希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。通常在建议信的结尾部分阐明你所提供的劝告或建议仅供对方参考，常用表达有：I hope you will take my advice into account./I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendationspractical/useful/helpful。品味鉴赏品味佳作　　目前，你们学校图书馆的服务存在一些问题。假如你是李明(高三五班的一名学生)，请你给你们的校长写一封信，提出一些有利于图书馆管理的合理化建议。内容如下：1.图书馆电脑的大部分键盘都有操作上的问题，给学生带来很多不便，建议更换新的键盘；2.建议图书馆购买更多新书，定购更多学术期刊；3.自习教室的照明系统也需要进一步的改进。注意：1.词数：100左右；2.不要逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节。参考词汇：subscribe to 定购Dear Sir，I'm writing to tell you some suggestions on how to improve our library.Firstly，I find that most computer keyboards in the library are bad(用词不贴切，最好为poor).It(将它改为which且把其前的句号改为逗号，即前后两句整合成一个复合句) causes many(in convenience是不可数名词，其前应用much) inconvenience to users.I suggest that the library will(suggest后的从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形) buy some new keyboards.Secondly，our library had better to (had better后应接动词原形，故去掉to) buy more new books and subscribe to more academic journals to let the students get more and more informations (information是不可数名词，故去掉s) in their study.Last but not least，the lights in the study room are not bright.In order to protect our eyes，we need ∧(此处应添加a) better lighting system.Surely，we'll benefit a lot of (a lot of后没宾语，故去掉of).These are only my personal suggestions，∧(前后两个句子缺少连词but) I hope they could be taken into consideration.Best regards.Yours sincerely，Li MingDear Sir，As a student of Class 5，Grade 3，I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for the kind assistance of our library.Meanwhile，I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service.In the first place，I find that most computer keyboards in the library are in poor condition，which causes much inconvenience to users.So I suggest that the library buy some new keyboards.Secondly，since the students need more and more information in their study，I would also recommend the library to purchase more new books and subscribe to more academic journals.Last but not least，the study rooms need to be furnished with a better lighting system，which，no doubt，will be beneficial to our eyesight.These are only my personal suggestions，but I hope they could be taken into consideration.Best regards.Yours sincerely，Li Ming以我之见　　1.本文注意了建议信的逻辑顺序和语言特点。文章中使用了一些过渡词：meanwhile，in the first place, so，secondly，last but not least等。在语言上，语气中肯、委婉，符合建议信的特点。如：①I feel that it would be beneficial to...；② These are only my personal suggestions，but I hope they could be taken into consideration.等。2.用了一些高级词汇(短语)，如：beneficial有益的；take the opportunity to利用这个机会；be furnished with安装有......的。【趁热打铁】假设你是谢凯，是一名中学生，你们学校附近有一条河，去年河边开办了一家工厂，河水受到污染。请你向厂长写一封120～150 词的信，信中包含以下内容：1.建厂前河流的概况；2.工厂倾倒废水造成的后果；3.呼吁采取措施，保护环境。【参考范文】Dear Sir，　　My name is Xie Kai.You know，there is a river near your factory.It was a beautiful river with clean water.Many lovely fishes were swimming in it.There were flowers and grass on it's both banks.But we can't see it now.Since your factory opened，it has become dirty and smells terrible.The fishes die because the river is seriously polluted by the waste water.The environment is becoming worse and worse because of the polluted river.We must protect our environment；we must do something for the river! I think you can buy some machines to clean the waste water.Then，the river will be clean again.All the people around your factory will thank you very much!　　A middle school student，Xie Kai检验真知--目标回顾Ⅰ.重点单词1. exact adv.确切地→exact adj.2.outdoors adv.在户外→indoors adv.(反义词)3.entirely adj.完全的→entirely adv.4.grateful adj.感激的5.gossip vi.闲话6.teenager n.十几岁的青少年7.loose adj. 松的，松开的→loosen v. 使......变松8.disagree v.不同意→agree v.同意9.German n.德国人→Germany n.德国10.concern v.使担忧，牵挂→concerned adj.牵挂的，关心的11.power n.力量,权力→powerful adj.有力量的12.ignore v.忽视→ignorance n.忽视；愚昧13.tip n.技巧；提示；尖14.recover vt.& vi.恢复；重新获得Ⅱ.重点短语1.suffer from遭受......之痛苦2.at dusk在黄昏3.join in加入4.the hidding place藏身之地5.in order to为了6.on purpose故意7.with/for the purpose of 为了......的目的8.be concerned about 关心，牵挂......9.get along with和......相处，进展10.fall/be in love with相爱，爱上......11.go through经历12.set down写下，记下13.face-to-face面对面的14.hold...in one's power 控制15.the curtains hanging before the window 挂在窗户上的窗帘16.be crazy about 对......痴迷Ⅲ.重点句型1.While walking the dog，you were careless and...2.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.3.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky...could never have kept me spellbound.4.I happened to be upstairs at dusk...5.It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.6.It's no pleasure looking through these any longer...Ⅳ.重点语法直接引语和间接引语在相互转化时，人称、时态、指示代词、地点状语、时间状语和动词都会发生变化。但直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。