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Dear Word Detective:
I am a sometimes math teacher. Occasionally, even
a mathematics teacher. As such, I follow the latest and greatest on my
subject and am troubled by the increasing use of the word “maths.” I
know you usually look backward to enlighten us on words, but here we see
a trend unfolding forward. (And to my ears, it’s a disturbing trend.)
Could you explain why “math” now needs to be plural? None of my
(younger) maths (?) colleagues are as interested in words as I am and so
they shrug off the question. — Bill.
Kids these days, eh? I was never very good at math until a moment in, I
believe, tenth grade, when a very gifted math teacher was explaining a
trigonometry problem to me. Suddenly, I everything became
marvelously clear and I realized with a thrill that I had finally
grasped the underlying beauty and grandeur of mathematics.
Unfortunately, I was wrong. I promptly forgot everything I had just
learned and went on to relentlessly flunk math until they let me give
up. To this day I am not allowed to play with my own checkbook.
So I admire folks who genuinely “get it” and have mastered the numerical
arts of algebra, trigonometry, geometry, necromancy and so on that
constitute the field of knowledge known today as “mathematics.” The word
“mathematics” itself, the source of all this “maths” business, comes
from the Greek “manthanein,” meaning “to learn,” which is also related
to our modern English words “memory” and “mind.” When “mathematics”
entered the English language from French in the 14th century (in the
form “mathematic”), it actually included any field that involved
numerical calculation (astronomy, physics, etc.), and the broad scope of
its Greek roots lives on in the English word “polymath,” meaning a
person of expertise in many fields.
“Math” as a colloquial short form of “mathematics” first appeared in
print quite a while ago, in 1847, although that “math” sported a period
(“It rained so that we had a math. lesson indoors.”) and was thus
clearly a simple informal abbreviation. “Math” unadorned appeared by the
1870s. “Maths” is a bit newer, first appearing in print in 1911.
There is no difference, however, between “math” and “maths” apart from
that “s” on the end of “maths.” Occasionally you’ll hear arguments that
“maths” is more proper because it’s short for “mathematics” and thus
should be plural. But although the field we call “mathematics” includes
multiple disciplines (such as geometry, calculus, etc.), “mathematics”
is a collective noun (as is “physics,” etc.), so it’s considered
singular. You can tell that from how “mathematics” is treated
grammatically: we say “My favorite subject is mathematics,” not “… are
mathematics.” The form “mathematics” actually represents what was a
common practice, about the time of the first appearance of “mathematic,”
of using the plural form of a name of a field of study as a singular
noun, as in the case of “acoustics,” “physics,” “linguistics” and many
others. Terms that came into English earlier, such as “arithmetic,”
didn’t get that “s.”
The only truly relevant difference between “math” and “maths” is usage.
“Maths” is commonly used in Great Britain, while “math” is standard in
the US. I’m afraid that your cohorts’ sudden affection for “maths,”
unless they studied in Britain, may be another case of Anglophiliac
posturing by Americans. It’s the same sort of affectation that leads PBS
addicts to speak of “the telly” and that gave us the now-omnipresent
Brit invention “gone missing” on the news. But while “gone missing”
arguably fills a real gap in the American vocabulary (it certainly beats
the hyper-dramatic “disappeared”), “maths” on this side of the Atlantic
strikes me as silly and vaguely pathetic. But you’ it does seem
to be spreading. One participant in an online discussion of the “math
vs. maths” question I came across reported having recently heard
Garrison Keillor say “Do the maths” on his radio show. If Keillor
actually did say it, I’m really, really hoping that he was joking.
(and see each issuemuch sooner)
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