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宾语从句和状语从句一样吗?有什么区别
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宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后. 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如： 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句.例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句. 4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中. 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.. 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等.这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句.例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等.例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如： I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.） 状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 一 状语从句的种类 § 1状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为： 1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose) 6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession) 7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree) 9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner) 10.结果状语从句.(adverbial clause of result) §2状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话.（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家.（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我.（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back） 二 时间状语从句 §3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time） 1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句.例如： When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了. When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切! Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁. Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服. You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动. Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑. 【区别】when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.并且when有时表示“就在那时”.例如： When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭.(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水.（延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了. While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）.并且while有时还可以表示对比.例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球.（对比） As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后.例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱.（as表示“一边……一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句.注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”.还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系.当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后.主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反.例如： It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来. Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我. My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了. They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了. After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的. After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了.（从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时） 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句.till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.例如： I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉. It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语. I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止. I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作. Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我. 4.由since引导的时间状语从句. since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.例如： I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了. Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了. It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了. 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示“一……就”.例如： I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去. The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点. As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话. 【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.例如： He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程. No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了. Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了. He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触. 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化：在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了. 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.例如： Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我. Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了. You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了. 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”.例如： You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行. I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况. 三 地点状语从句 §4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如： 句型1：Where＋地点从句,（there）＋主句. 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there.例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的. They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人.因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎. You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方. Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放. 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句,＋主句. 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后. 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”.例如： Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员.
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宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： 1) She d...
简单点儿说，宾语从句就是跟在及物动词后面的一句话，起到宾语的作用。状语从句就是从句跟主句成立某种关系，要么时间，要么条件之类的
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状语从句有九种：1.时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 比较状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 原因状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8.方式状语从句 9. 地点状语从句The Adverbial Clause 状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。 状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, not…until, before, after, since, etc．当主句用 一般现在时或表示将来含义时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。I’ll tell you the news when I come back. 我一回来就把消息告诉不。
She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai.她一到上海就打电话给我。1、在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续的，也可 以是表示瞬间的；while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的
I was watching TV when Tom came in. 汤姆进来的时候我在看电视。（动作是瞬间的）
&Tom came in while I was watching TV.我在看电视的时候汤姆进来了。
(动作是延续的)2、as“当…….时；一边….一边…..”,引导的时间状语从句，强调主 句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，when与while也有此用法。另 外when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动作，有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句动作之后。
&As she was dancing, she was singing.
It’s getting colder and colder as the winter comes.
3、before “在….以前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；
after “在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it.
I went to bed after I finished homework.4、until/till表示主句动作结束的时间。在肯定句中表示“直到….. 为止”，主句要用延续性动词。
My mother waited till/until I came back.
在否定句中，until/till表示“直到…..才”，主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。常构成：not…until结构，有时可用never, nothing代替not.
He didn’t leave until/before I came back.
5、since，ever since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自….以来”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，常用句型为： It has been…since从句；It is +一段时间+since从句。（对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 how long).
It’s ten years since I worked in the hospital.
He has taught us maths since he came here.
Where have you been since I saw you last？6、由by the time引导的时间状语从句
注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过 去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词 用将来完成时。By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.7、由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。Each time she came to Hainan, she would call on me.
Whenever you go, I will follow you!
You grow younger every time I see you.8、 as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一…就…”。如果主句是一般将来时， 情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从 句用一般现在时。如：My brother went out as soon as I got home.
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua．时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点：① until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要 十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back② 由since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时 间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一 般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday? I left my hometown two years ago③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they won’t go to the park on Sunday? 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用过去将来时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park? 考试中常见的考点 有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow?在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow??注意: 在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。 1）主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（特别是用 as soon as 引导从句 时）：
The boy will be a writer when he grows up. I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
2) 主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.3) 主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：
Please don’t go to bed before you finish your homework.4) 主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：
I liked reading when I was young.
5）在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式， 其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定 式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间 动词。
例如： The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.
&We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops.
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