阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。Do you like animals? Do you want to keep animals? Yes, many people like animals and want to keep a lovely animal as a p_____ . It's a pity that they don't have a suitable place to keep them. However, keeping fish may be the best choice. Why keep them?People keep dogs and cats because they enjoy their friendship. Fish can not be friendly, but they have beautiful shapes and colors. It's a pleasure to watch as they swim i_____
their tank（水槽）。What do they need?First of all, the fish need a suitable （合适的） tank, and you must fill the tank w_____
suitable water. It is also good for t_____
to have a few water plants in the tank to keep the water pure （纯净）。 Putting a few snails （蜗牛） in the tank is a good i_____
. They will keep it c_____
What about feeding them?There are many kinds of fish food t_____
you can get in the shops. Most are suitable for all kinds of fish. You should feed your fish only o_____
a day. It is important not to give them
much food. Just give them as much as they can e_____
up in about 15 minutes. This will keep them healthy.
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阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。Do you like animals? Do you want to keep animals? Yes, many people like animals and want to keep a lovely animal as a p_____ . It's a pity that they don't have a suitable place to keep them. However, keeping fish may be the best choice. Why keep them?People keep dogs and cats because they enjoy their friendship. Fish can not be friendly, but they have beautiful shapes and colors. It's a pleasure to watch as they swim i_____
their tank（水槽）。What do they need?First of all, the fish need a suitable （合适的） tank, and you must fill the tank w_____
suitable water. It is also good for t_____
to have a few water plants in the tank to keep the water pure （纯净）。 Putting a few snails （蜗牛） in the tank is a good i_____
. They will keep it c_____
What about feeding them?There are many kinds of fish food t_____
you can get in the shops. Most are suitable for all kinds of fish. You should feed your fish only o_____
a day. It is important not to give them
much food. Just give them as much as they can e_____
up in about 15 minutes. This will keep them healthy.
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。Do you like animals? Do you want to keep animals? Yes, many people like animals and want to keep a lovely animal as a p_____ . It's a pity that they don't have a suitable place to keep them. However, keeping fish may be the best choice. Why keep them?People keep dogs and cats because they enjoy their friendship. Fish can not be friendly, but they have beautiful shapes and colors. It's a pleasure to watch as they swim i_____
their tank（水槽）。What do they need?First of all, the fish need a suitable （合适的） tank, and you must fill the tank w_____
suitable water. It is also good for t_____
to have a few water plants in the tank to keep the water pure （纯净）。 Putting a few snails （蜗牛） in the tank is a good i_____
. They will keep it c_____
What about feeding them?There are many kinds of fish food t_____
you can get in the shops. Most are suitable for all kinds of fish. You should feed your fish only o_____
a day. It is important not to give them
much food. Just give them as much as they can e_____
up in about 15 minutes. This will keep them healthy.
科目:最佳答案见解析解析 小题1:pet小题2:in小题3:with小题4:them小题5:idea小题6:clean小题7:that小题8:once小题9:too小题10:eat 阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，注意时态，人称和固定词组搭配。注意上下文的意思连贯。知识点:&&基础试题拔高试题热门知识点最新试题
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题号：785994试题类型：单选题 知识点：并列连词,从属连词&&更新日期：
______ money is important, many teenagers say they want to do jobs they enjoy.A.BecauseB.UnlessC.If D.Although
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并列连词的概念：
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both...and, notonly...butalso, either...or, neither...nor, (and)then 等等。
并列连词与并列结构：
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1）and与or：判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something.(对) They started to dance and sing.(对) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。&&&&&&&&&&& 第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。&&&&&&&&&&& 第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） 如：Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.=If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. &&&&&&& One more effort, and you'll succeed.=If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2）both...and 两者都 如：She plays(both) the piano and the guitar. 3）not only...but(also), as well as 不但…而且 如：She plays not only the piano, but(also) the guitar. 注意：not only…but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。 如：Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4）neither...nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 如：Neither you nor he is to blame.
比较so和such ：
so与such的用法由不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。 构成：so+adj. &&&&&&&&&&& such+a(n)+n. &&&&&&&&&&& so+adj.+a(n)+n. &&&&&&&&&&& such+n.(pl.) &&&&&&&&&&& so+adj.+n.(pl.) &&&&&&&&&&& such+n.(pl.) &&&&&&&&&&& so+adj.+n.[不可数]&&&&&&&&&&&&&such+n.[不可数] 如：so foolish&&&&&&& &such a fool&&&&&&&&&&so nice a flower& &&&&&&& such a nice flower& &&&&&&& so many/few flowers& &&&&&&& such nice flowers&&&&&&& &so much/ little money. &&&&&&& such rapid progress &&&&&&& so many people &&&&&&& such a lot of people 注：so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于many，但a lot of为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 so...that与such...that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。
并列连词用法点拨：
1、表示并列关系： 1）or意思为“否则”。 如：I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2）either...or意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 如：Either you or I am right. 2、表示转折或对比关系： 1）but表示转折，while表示对比。 如：Some people love cats, while others hate them. 典型例题：—Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy. &&& A. and&&& B. so&&& C. as&&&&D. but 答案：D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。 2）not...but...意思为“不是……而是……” not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 如：They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones) of a human being. 3、表示原因关系： 1）for 判断改错： （错）For he is ill, he is absent today. （对）He is absent today, for he is ill.& for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
并列连词知识体系：
比较and和or的用法：
1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： 如：There is no air or water in the moon. &&&&&&& There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题： —I don't like chicken___fish. —I don't like chicken, ___I like fish very much. A. and；andB. and；butC. or；butD. or；and 答案：C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错： （错）We will die without air and water. （错）We can't live without air or water. （对）We will die without air or water. （对）We can't live without air and water.
从属连词的概念：
连词用于引导从句以形成句子的一部分或修饰句子的构成要素的叫作从属连词。
英语从属连词用法分类详解：
1、引导时间状语从句的从属连词：&（1）表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever： 如：He jumped up when the phone rang. 电话铃响时他吓了一跳。&&&&&&&&&We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。 &&&&&&& The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。 （2）表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after： 如：Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。 &&&&&&& He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。 （3）表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till： 如：He has lived here since he got married. 他结婚后就一直住在这儿。 &&&&&&& Most men worked until[till] they're 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。 （4）表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等： 如：Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。 &&&&&&& I recognized her the moment(that) I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她来了。 &&&&&&& I want to see him the minute(that) he arrives. 他一到来我就要见他。 &&&&&&& I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。 &&&&&& Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。 （5）表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)： 如：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候，他好像有病。 &&&&&&& Next time you're in London come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。 &&&&&&& Do look me up next time you're in London. 你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。 &&&&&&& Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。 &&&&&& You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。 【注】every time,each time,any time前不用冠词，(the)next time, (the)last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 2、引导条件状语从句的从属连词：这类连词主要有if, unless, as[so] long as, incase等： 如：If anyone calls tell them I'm not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。 &&&&&&& You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就会失败。 &&&&&&& As[So] long as you need me, I'll stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。 &&&&&&& In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。 【注】在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的if之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)： 如：If you will wait a moment, I'll fetch the money. 请等一下，我就去拿钱。 3、引导目的状语从句的从属连词：主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等： 如：We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。 &&&&&&& Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的意思。 &&&&&&& Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。 &&&&&&& He is working hard for fear he should fail. 他努力工作以免会失败。 4、引导结果状语从句的从属连词：主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等： 如：We're all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。 &&&&&&& It's so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一个很难的问题，我们没有一个人能回答。 &&&&&&& He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。 【注】so that中的that在口语中通常可以省略。 5、引导原因状语从句的从属连词：主要的有because, as, since, seeing(that), now(that), considering(that)等： 如：He couldn't got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上学。 &&&&&&& Since everybody is here, let's begin our discussion. 大家都到了，我们就开始吧。 &&&&&&& Seeing that it is 8o'clock, we'll wait no longer. 由于时间已到8点，我们将不再等了。 &&&&&&& Now that you are here, you'd better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧。 6、引导让步状语从句的从属连词：主要有although, though, eventhough, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等： 如：Although[Though] he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。 &&&&&&& Though[Even though] it's hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活，但我乐意干。 &&&&&&& Even if you don't like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒，也尝尝这杯吧。 7、引导方式状语从句的从属连词：主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等： 如：Do it as[like] he does. 像他那样做。 &&&&&&& He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。 &&&&&&& They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 &&&&&&& Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do.没有人像我这样爱你。 8、引导地点状语从句的从属连词：主要有where, wherever, everywhere等： 如：There were lots of parks where I lived. 我住的地方有许多公园。 &&&&&&& Sit wherever you like. 你想坐在那儿就坐在那儿。 &&&&&&& Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们每到一个地方都受到热烈欢迎。 9、引导比较状语从句的从属连词：主要有than和as…as： 如：It's easier than I thought. 这比我想像的要容易。 &&&&&&& They are as often wrong as they are right. 他们错对各半。 10、引导名词性从句的从属连词：主要有that, if, whether： 如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。&&&&&&&&Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺点是粗心大意。 &&&&&& Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。 &&&&&& She didn't say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。
从属连词知识体系：
用作从属连词的六类名词结构：
英语中有些名词结构可用作从属连词，用以引导状语从句，且主要是时间状语从句。这类结构归纳起来有以下六类： 一、the+瞬间名词： 其中的瞬间名词主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等，其意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。如：The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他对她一见倾心。&& Telephone me the moment(that) you get the results. 你一有结果，马上给我打电话。&I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡着了。 Sheputdownthereceiverthesecondsherecognizedmyvoice.她一听出是我的声音，马上就放下电话听筒。 注：其中的瞬间名词后可接that，也可省略。另外，有的个别副词（如directly/immediately等）也可表示类似意思。如： Immediately the meal was over,he switchedon the radio.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。
二、the+季节名词： 其中的季节名词包括spring,summer,autumn,winter，其意为“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。如：His wife left him thes pring he went abroad.在他出国的那年春天，他的妻子离开了他。 He sold his house and went to the souththe summer he lost hisjob.在他失业的那年夏天，他卖掉房子去了南方。 He was sentto prison the winter his third daughter was born.在他第三个女儿出生的那年冬天，他被关进了监狱。 She got married the autumn she graduated from college.她大学毕业的那年秋天就结婚了。 三、the+时间名词：其中的时间名词主要包括hour,day,night,week,month,season,year等，其意为“在……的时候、那天、那个晚上、那周、那个月、那个季节、那年”。如： The hour he wa sin her office,he felt very sad.当他在她办公室的时候，他感到很伤心。 The day here turned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天，他的父亲已经死了。 The night I wenttoseeher,shehadleftforBeijingtoattendanimportantmeeting.就我去看她的那个晚上，她到北京去开一个重要的会议了。 Mr Smith didn't go to work the week his wife was ill.史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那个星期没去上班。 They ear helivedinthecountry,he learned alot.他在乡下呆的那一年，他学到了不少东西。 四、the+序数词+time 其中的序数词包括first,second,third,fourth等，其意为“当第几次……的时候”。如： My girlfriend beat me at pokert he first time weplayed.我头一次和女朋友打扑克，她就把我赢了。 These cond time I saw her,she looked like an old woman.我第二次见到她时，她看上去像一个老太婆。 The third time I went there,I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty.我第三次去那儿时，我发现他们都离开了，所有的办公室都是空的。 注：1.next,last也具有类似序数词的性质，因此也具有以上用法。如： Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来，请关门。 Thelasttimewetalkedhesaidheneededanothertwodays.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 2.thefirsttime,thesecondtime,thethirdtime等用作连词引导时间状语从句时，其前通常要有定冠词，而(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime引导状语从句时，其中的冠词可以省略，如下面这道上海高考题，其答案是C，不是A：I though ther nice and honest______Imether. A.first time& B.fo rthe first time C.the first timeD.by the first time 五、不定代词+time 其中的不定代词主要包括each,every,any等。如：Every time I ringher,the phone is engaged.我每次给她打电话，电话都占线。 Every time I see him he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money.每次我见到他，他不是向我诉苦，就是要向我借钱。 He felt nervous each times he spoke to him.每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 AnytimeyoucometoLondondolookmeup.你无论什么时候到伦敦来，一定要来看我。 注意：everytime,eachtime,anytime用作连词引导状语从句时其前习惯上不用冠词，它与the first time,these cond time,the third time等引导时间状语从句时其前必须要用定冠词不同。 六、其他名词结构以上归纳的名词结构均用于引导时间状语从句，有些其他结构还可引导其他性质的状语从句，如the way可用于引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样”。如： The didn’t do it the way we do now.那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。 Joyce looked at me the way alotof girls did.乔伊丝像许多姑娘那样瞧着我。 注：这样用的theway与as用法相似。如：Hold itin both hands,the way(=as)Mummy does.用两只手捧住，像妈妈那样。
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接收老师发送的作业，在线答题。【收藏】Advice for Computer Science College Students
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By Joel SpolskySunday, January 02, 2005Despite the fact that it was only a year or two ago that I was blubbering about how rich Windows GUI clients were the wave of the future, college students nonetheless do occasionally email me asking for career advice, and since it's recruiting season, I thought I'd write up my standard advice which they can read, laugh at, and ignore.Most college students, fortunately, are brash enough never to bother asking their elders for advice, which, in the field of computer science, is a good thing, because their elders are apt to say goofy, antediluvian things like &the demand for keypunch operators will exceed 100,000,000 by the year 2010& and &lisp careers are really very hot right now.&I, too, have no idea what I'm talking about when I give advice to college students. I'm so hopelessly out of date that I can't really figure out AIM and still use (horrors!) this quaint old thing called &email& which was popular in the days when music came on flat round plates called &CDs.&So you'd be better off ignoring what I'm saying here and instead building some kind of
that lets other students find people to go out on dates with.Nevertheless.If you enjoy programming computers, count your blessings: you are in a very fortunate minority of people who can make a great living doing work they enjoy. Most people aren't so lucky. The very idea that you can &love your job& is a modern concept. Work is supposed to be something unpleasant you do to get money to do the things you actually like doing, when you're 65 and can finally retire, if you can afford it, and if you're not too old and infirm to do those things, and if those things don't require reliable knees, good eyes, and the ability to walk twenty feet without being out of breath, etc.What was I talking about? Oh yeah. Advice.Without further ado, then, here are Joel's Seven Pieces of Free Advice for Computer Science College Students (worth what you paid for them):Learn how to write before graduating. Learn C before graduating. Learn microeconomics before graduating. Don't blow off non-CS classes just because they're boring. Take programming-intensive courses. Stop worrying about all the jobs going to India. No matter what you do, get a good summer internship.Now for the explanations, unless you're gullible enough to do all that stuff just because I tell you to, in which case add: 8. Seek professional help for that self-esteem thing.Learn how to write before graduating. Would Linux have succeeded if Linus Torvalds hadn't
it? As brilliant a hacker as he is, it was Linus's ability to convey his ideas in written English via email and mailing lists that made Linux attract a worldwide brigade of volunteers. Have you heard of the latest fad, Extreme Programming? Well, without getting into what I think about XP, the reason you've heard of it is because it is being promoted by people who are very gifted writers and speakers. Even on the small scale, when you look at any programming organization, the programmers with the most power and influence are the ones who can write and speak in English clearly, convincingly, and comfortably. Also it helps to be tall, but you can't do anything about that.The difference between a tolerable programmer and a great programmer is not how many programming languages they know, and it's not . It's whether they can communicate their ideas. By persuading other people, they get leverage. By writing clear comments and technical specs, they let other programmers understand their code, which means other programmers can use and work with their code instead of . Absent this, their code is worthless. By writing clear technical documentation for end users, they allow people to figure out what their code is supposed to do, which is the only way those users can see the value in their code. There's a lot of wonderful, useful code buried on sourceforge somewhere that nobody uses because it was created by programmers who don't write very well (or don't write at all), and so nobody knows what they've done and their brilliant code languishes.I won't hire a programmer unless they can write, and write well, in English. If you can write, wherever you get hired, you'll soon find that you're getting asked to write the specifications and that means you're already leveraging your influence and getting noticed by management.Most colleges designate certain classes as &writing intensive,& meaning, you have to write an awful lot to pass them. Look for those classes and take them! Seek out classes in any field that have weekly or daily written assignments. Start a journal or weblog. The more you write, the easier it will be, and the easier it is to write, the more you'll write, in a virtuous circle.Learn C before graduating Part two: C. Notice I didn't say C++. Although C is becoming increasingly rare, it is still the lingua franca of working programmers. It is the language they use to communicate with one another, and, more importantly, it is much closer to the machine than &modern& languages that you'll be taught in college like ML, Java, Python, whatever trendy junk they teach these days. You need to spend at least a semester getting close to the machine or
You'll never be able to work on compilers and operating systems, which are some of the best programming jobs around. You'll never be trusted to create architectures for large scale projects. I don't care how much you know about continuations and closures and exception handling: if you can't explain why while (*s++ = *t++); copies a string, or if that isn't the most natural thing in the world to you, well, you're programming based on superstition, as far as I'm concerned: a medical doctor who doesn't know basic anatomy, passing out prescriptions based on what the pharma sales babe said would work.Learn microeconomics before graduatingSuper quick review if you haven't taken any economics courses: econ is one of those fields that starts off with a bang, with many
that make sense, can be proven in the field, etc., and then . The useful bang at the beginning is microeconomics, which is the foundation for literally every theory in business that matters. After that things start to deteriorate: you get into Macroeconomics (feel free to skip this if you want) with its interesting theories about things like the relationship of interest rates to unemployment which, er, seem to be disproven more often than they are proven, and after that it just gets worse and worse and a lot of econ majors switch out to Physics, which gets them better Wall Street jobs, anyway. But make sure you take Microeconomics, because you have to know about supply and demand, you have to know about competitive advantage, and you have to understand NPVs and discounting and marginal utility before you'll have any idea why business works the way it does.Why should CS majors learn econ? Because a programmer who understands the fundamentals of business is going to be a more valuable programmer, to a business, than a programmer who doesn't. That's all there is to it. I can't tell you how many times I've been frustrated by programmers with crazy ideas that make sense in code but don't make sense in capitalism. If you understand this stuff, you're a more valuable programmer, and you'll get rewarded for it, for reasons which you'll also learn in micro.Don't blow off non-CS classes just because they're boring. Blowing off your non-CS courses is a great way to get a lower GPA. Never underestimate how big a deal your GPA is. Lots and lots of recruiters and hiring managers, myself included, go straight to the GPA when they scan a resume, and we're not going to apologize for it. Why? Because the GPA, more than any other one number, reflects the sum of what dozens of professors over a long period of time in many different situations think about your work. SAT scores? Ha! That's one test over a few hours. The GPA reflects hundreds of papers and midterms and classroom participations over four years. Yeah, it's got its problems. There has been grade inflation over the years. Nothing about your GPA says whether you got that GPA taking easy classes in home economics at Podunk Community College or taking graduate level Quantum Mechanics at Caltech. Eventually, after I screen out all the 2.5 GPAs from Podunk Community, I'm going to ask for transcripts and recommendations. And then I'm going to look for consistently high grades, not just high grades in computer science.Why should I, as an employer looking for software developers, care about what grade you got in European History? After all, history is boring. Oh, so, you're saying I should hire you because you don't work very hard when the work is boring? Well, there's boring stuff in programming, too. Every job has its boring moments. And I don't want to hire people that only want to do the fun stuff. I took this course in college called Cultural Anthropology because I figured, what the heck, I need to learn something about anthropology, and this looked like an interesting survey course.Interesting? Not even close! I had to read these incredibly monotonous books about Indians in the Brazilian rain forest and Trobriand Islanders, who, with all due respect, are not very interesting to me. At some point, the class was so incredibly wearisome that I longed for something more exciting, like watching grass grow. I had completely lost interest in the subject matter. Completely, and thoroughly. My eyes teared I was so tired of the endless discussions of piling up yams. I don't know why the Trobriand Islanders spend so much time piling up yams, I can't remember any more, it's incredibly boring, but It Was Going To Be On The Midterm, so I plowed through it. I eventually decided that Cultural Anthropology was going to be my Boredom Gauntlet: my personal obstacle course of tedium. If I could get an A in a class where the tests required me to learn all about potlatch blankets, I could handle anything, no matter how boring. The next time I accidentally get stuck in Lincoln Center sitting through all 18 hours of Wagner&s Ring Cycle, I could thank my studies of the Kwakiutl for making it seem pleasant by comparison.I got an A. And if I could do it, you can do it.Take programming-intensive courses.I remember the exact moment I vowed never to go to graduate school.It was in a course on , taught by the dynamic Lenore Zuck at Yale, one of the brightest of an array of very bright CS faculty.Now, my murky recollections are not going to do proper credit to this field, but let me muddle through anyway. The idea of Formal Logic is that you prove things are true because other things are true. For example thanks to Formal Logic, &Everyone who gets good grades will get hired& plus &Johnny got good grades& allows you to discover the new true fact, &Johnny will get hired.& It's all very quaint and it only takes ten seconds for a deconstructionist to totally tear apart everything useful in Formal Logic so you're left with something fun, but useless.Now, dynamic logic is the same thing, with the addition of time. For example, &after you turn the light on, you can see your shoes& plus &The light went on in the past& implies &you can see your shoes.&Dynamic Logic is appealing to brilliant theoreticians like Professor Zuck because it holds up the hope that you might be able to formally prove things about computer programs, which could be very useful, if, for example, you could formally prove that the Mars Rover's flash card wouldn't overflow and cause itself to be rebooted again and again all day long when it's supposed to be driving around the red planet looking for Marvin the Martian.So in the first day of that class, Dr. Zuck filled up two entire whiteboards and quite a lot of the wall next to the whiteboards proving that if you have a light switch, and the light was off, and you flip the switch, the light will then be on.The proof was insanely complicated, and very error-prone. It was harder to prove that the proof was correct than to convince yourself of the fact that switching a light switch turns on the light. Indeed the multiple whiteboards of proof included many skipped steps, skipped because they were too tedious to go into formally. Many steps were reached using the long-cherished method of Proof by Induction, others by Proof by Reductio ad Absurdum, and still others using Proof by Graduate Student.For our homework, we had to prove the converse: if the light was off, and it's on now, prove that you flipped it.I tried, I really did.I spent hours in the library trying.After a couple of hours I found a mistake in Dr. Zuck's original proof which I was trying to emulate. Probably I copied it down wrong, but it made me realize something: if it takes three hours of filling up blackboards to prove something trivial, allowing hundreds of opportunities for mistakes to slip in, this mechanism would never be able to prove things that are interesting. Not that that matters to dynamic logicians: they're not in it for useful, they're in it for tenure.I dropped the class and vowed never to go to graduate school in Computer Science.The moral of the story is that computer science is not the same as software development. If you're really really lucky, your school might have a decent software development curriculum, although, they might not, because elite schools think that teaching practical skills is better left to the technical-vocational institutes and the prison rehabilitation programs. You can learn mere programming anywhere. We are Yale University, and we Mold Future World Leaders. You think your $160,000 tuition entititles you to learn about while loops? What do you think this is, some fly-by-night Java seminar at the Airport Marriott? Pshaw.The trouble is, we don't really have professional schools in software development, so if you want to be a programmer, you probably majored in Computer Science. Which is a fine subject to major in, but it's a different subject than software development.If you're lucky, though, you can find lots of programming-intensive courses in the CS department, just like you can find lots of courses in the History department where you'll write enough to learn how to write. And those are the best classes to take. If you love programming, don't feel bad if you don't understand the point of those courses in lambda calculus or linear algebra where you never touch a computer. Look for the 400-level courses with Practicum in the name. This is an attempt to hide a useful (shudder) course from the Liberal Artsy Fartsy Administration by dolling it up with a Latin name.Stop worrying about all the jobs going to India.Well, OK, first of all, if you're already in India, you never really had to worry about this, so don't even start worrying about all the jobs going to India. They're wonderful jobs, enjoy them in good health.But I keep hearing that enrollment in CS departments is dropping perilously, and one reason I hear for it is &students are afraid to go into a field where all the jobs are going to India.& That's so wrong for so many reasons. First, trying to choose a career based on a current business fad is foolish. Second, programming is incredibly good training for all kinds of fabulously interesting jobs, such as business process engineering, even if every single programming job does go to India and China. Third, and trust me on this, there's still an incredible shortage of the really good programmers, here and in India. Yes, there are a bunch of out of work IT people making a lot of noise about how long they've been out of work, but you know what? At the risk of pissing them off, really good programmers do have jobs. Fourth, you got any better ideas? What are you going to do, major in History? Then you'll have no choice but to go to law school. And there's one thing I do know: 99% of working lawyers hate their jobs, hate every waking minute of it, and they're working 90 hour weeks, too. Like I said: if you love to program computers, count your blessings: you are in a very fortunate minority of people who can make a great living doing work they love.Anyway, I don't think students really think about this. The drop in CS enrollment is merely a resumption of historically normal levels after a big bubble in enrollment caused by dotcom mania. That bubble consisted of people who didn't really like programming but thought the sexy high paid jobs and the chances to IPO at age 24 were to be found in the CS department. Those people, thankfully, are long gone.No matter what you do, get a good summer internship.Smart recruiters know that the people who love programming wrote a database for their dentist in 8th grade, and taught at computer camp for three summers before college, and built the content management system for the campus newspaper, and had summer internships at software companies. That's what they're looking for on your resume. If you enjoy programming, the biggest mistake you can make is to take any kind of job--summer, part time, or otherwise--that is not a programming job. I know, every other 19-year-old wants to work in the mall folding shirts, but you have a skill that is incredibly valuable even when you're 19, and it's foolish to waste it folding shirts. By the time you graduate, you really should have a resume that lists a whole bunch of programming jobs. The A&F graduates are going to be working at Enterprise Rent-a-Car &helping people with their rental needs.& (Except for Tom Welling. He plays Superman on TV.)To make your life really easy, and to underscore just how completely self-serving this whole essay is, my company, Fog Creek Software, has
that look great on resumes. &You will most likely learn more about software coding, development, and business with Fog Creek Software than any other internship out there,& says Ben, one of the interns from last summer, and not entirely because I sent a goon out to his dorm room to get him to say that. The application deadline is February 1st. Get on it.If you follow my advice, you, too, may end up selling stock in Microsoft way too soon, turning down jobs at Google because you want your own office with a door, and other stupid life decisions, but they won't be my fault. I told you not to listen to me.
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